Determination of the firing temperature and redox atmosphere of the pottery from the Bronze Age settlement Kamenny Ambar by x-ray diffraction phase analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Piskareva ◽  
A. D. Ryanskaya ◽  
D. V. Kiseleva ◽  
S. E. Panteleeva
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Bronze Age

scholarly journals 14C Dating and Material Analysis of the Lime Burial of Cova de Na Dent (Mallorca, Spain)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy De Mulder ◽  
Roald Hayen ◽  
Mathieu Boudin ◽  
Tess Van den Brande ◽  
Louise Decq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Simultaneous Thermal Analysis ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Crushed Rock ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bone Fragments ◽  
The Bronze Age

Lime burials are a characteristic phenomenon of the protohistoric funerary tradition on the Balearic Islands. At Cova de Na Dent, a lime burial has been sampled for analysis. The lime burial was made up of lime and fragmented bones. Six layers were sampled and described in the laboratory according to their color, the consistency of the deposition, and the aspect and quantity of the bone fragments. Bone samples and lime were dated. The lime was analyzed by using petrographic analysis, X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, and simultaneous thermal analysis. The results show that the bones were cremated in the presence of crushed rock carbonate. The14C dates on the lime suggest an earlier chronology for this ritual, starting in the Bronze Age, as generally is accepted.

scholarly journals Quantitative Phase Analysis by X-ray Diffraction—Doping Methods and Applications

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanko Popović
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Phase Fraction ◽  
Quantitative Phase Analysis ◽  
Intermetallic Alloys ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Quantitative Phase

X-ray powder diffraction is an ideal technique for the quantitative analysis of a multiphase sample. The intensities of diffraction lines of a phase in a multiphase sample are proportional to the phase fraction and the quantitative analysis can be obtained if the correction for the absorption of X-rays in the sample is performed. Simple procedures of quantitative X-ray diffraction phase analysis of a multiphase sample are presented. The matrix-flushing method, with the application of reference intensities, yields the relationship between the intensity and phase fraction free from the absorption effect, thus, shunting calibration curves or internal standard procedures. Special attention is paid to the doping methods: (i) simultaneous determination of the fractions of several phases using a single doping and (ii) determination of the fraction of the dominant phase. The conditions to minimize systematic errors are discussed. The problem of overlapping of diffraction lines can be overcome by combining the doping method (i) and the individual profile fitting method, thus performing the quantitative phase analysis without the reference to structural models of particular phases. Recent suggestions in quantitative phase analysis are quoted, e.g., in study of the decomposition of supersaturated solid solutions—intermetallic alloys. Round Robin on Quantitative Phase Analysis, organized by the IUCr Commission on Powder Diffraction, is discussed shortly. The doping methods have been applied in various studies, e.g., phase transitions in titanium dioxide, biomineralization processes, and phases in intermetallic oxide systems and intermetallic alloys.

scholarly journals Quantitative phase analysis by X-ray diffraction – Simple routes

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanko Popović
Keyword(s):  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Quantitative Phase Analysis ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Multiphase Material ◽  
Ideal Technique

<p>        The elemental composition of a multiphase material can be obtained by means of chemical and spectroscopic techniques. However, these techniques face a great difficulty in distinguishing the chemical identity of the phases present in the material and in derivation of the fractions of particular phases. X-ray powder diffraction seems to be an ideal technique for the analysis of a multiphase material. Each crystalline phase of the material gives its characteristic diffraction pattern independently of the other phases; this fact makes it possible to identify the phase of interest and to determine its fraction. The intensities of diffraction lines of a given phase are proportional to its fraction and an appropriate quantitative analysis can be performed after the application of the correction for the absorption of X-rays in the material.</p><p class="IUCrfigurecaption">        The principles of quantitative X-ray diffraction phase analysis of a multiphase material are presented, with a special attention paid to the doping methods. The following methods are described: (<em>i</em>) determination of the fraction of a phase using repeated dopings, (<em>ii</em>) determination of the fraction of a phase using a single doping, (<em>iii</em>) simultaneous determination of the fractions of several phases using a single doping; (<em>iv</em>) determination of the fraction of the dominant phase. The applicability of the doping methods is stated and the optimum conditions to minimize systematic errors are discussed. Recent approaches in quantitative X-ray diffraction phase analysis are also mentioned in short.</p>

Composition of pigments of Santorini frescoes: The Rietveld method as an aid in qualitative phase analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svend Erik Rasmussen ◽  
Sidsel Grundvig ◽  
Walter L. Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
On Line ◽  
Volcanic Islands ◽  
Line Positions ◽  
Qualitative Phase

Ten fragments of bronze age frescoes from the Greek group of volcanic islands known as Santorini have been examined by powder X-ray diffraction. A qualitative phase analysis based on line positions only was supplemented by the Rietveld method which uses complete diffraction profiles to increase the credibility of the phase analysis.

scholarly journals 14C Dating and Material Analysis of the Lime Burial of Cova de Na Dent (Mallorca, Spain)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 387-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy De Mulder ◽  
Roald Hayen ◽  
Mathieu Boudin ◽  
Tess Van den Brande ◽  
Louise Decq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Simultaneous Thermal Analysis ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Crushed Rock ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bone Fragments ◽  
The Bronze Age

Lime burials are a characteristic phenomenon of the protohistoric funerary tradition on the Balearic Islands. At Cova de Na Dent, a lime burial has been sampled for analysis. The lime burial was made up of lime and fragmented bones. Six layers were sampled and described in the laboratory according to their color, the consistency of the deposition, and the aspect and quantity of the bone fragments. Bone samples and lime were dated. The lime was analyzed by using petrographic analysis, X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, and simultaneous thermal analysis. The results show that the bones were cremated in the presence of crushed rock carbonate. The14C dates on the lime suggest an earlier chronology for this ritual, starting in the Bronze Age, as generally is accepted.

Sem and X-Ray Analysis of Renal and Biliary Calculi

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
R. J. Narconis ◽  
G. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Natural State ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
Biliary Calculi ◽  
Calculus Formation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Analysis of the constituents of renal and biliary calculi may be of help in the management of patients with calculous disease. Several methods of analysis are available for identifying these constituents. Most common are chemical methods, optical crystallography, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. The application of a SEM with x-ray analysis capabilities should be considered as an additional alternative.A scanning electron microscope equipped with an x-ray “mapping” attachment offers an additional dimension in its ability to locate elemental constituents geographically, and thus, provide a clue in determination of possible metabolic etiology in calculus formation. The ability of this method to give an undisturbed view of adjacent layers of elements in their natural state is of advantage in determining the sequence of formation of subsequent layers of chemical constituents.

New Coordination Compounds of Fe(III) with Organic Ligands

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Flondor ◽  
Ioan Rosca ◽  
Doina Sibiescu ◽  
Mihaela-Aurelia Vizitiu ◽  
Daniel-Mircea Sutiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Organic Ligands ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Chemical Analysis ◽  
Structural Formulae ◽  
Paramagnetic Properties

In this paper the synthesis and the study of some complex compounds of Fe(III) with ligands derived from: 2-(4-chloro-phenylsulfanyl)-1-(2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodo-phenyl)-ethanone (HL1), 1-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-phenylsulfanyl-ethanone(HL2), and 2-(4-chloro-phenylsulfanyl)-1-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethanone (HL3) is presented. The characterization of these complexes is based on method as: the elemental chemical analysis, IR and ESR spectroscopy, M�ssbauer, the thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. Study of the IR and chemical analysis has evidenced that the precipitates form are a complexes and the combination ratio of M:L is 1:2. The central atoms of Fe(III) presented paramagnetic properties and a octaedric hybridization. Starting from this precipitation reactions, a method for the gravimetric determination of Fe(III) with this organic ligands has been possible. Based on the experimental data on literature indications, the structural formulae of the complex compounds are assigned.

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