Uric acid and glucose level in high fructose high cholesterol induced Sprague-Dawley rats after therapy with Acalypha indica Linn. ethanol extract

Objective. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of simvastatin on the jaw bone microstructural defect and autophagy in rats with high cholesterol diet (HCD). Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a standard rodent chow (NC group) or a high cholesterol diet for 32 weeks and the HCD-fed rats were treated with vehicle (HC group) or simvastatin (5 mg/kg orally daily for 8 weeks, HC + SIM group, and n=10/group). The static histomorphometric changes in the jaw bone tissues in individual rats were evaluated. The relative levels of OPG, RANKL, NF-κB, LC3, and p62 in the jaw bone tissues were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and/or immunohistochemistry. Results. Compared with the NC group, the HC groups had lower trabecular bone volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular number, and increased ratios of RANKL/OPG in the jaw bone, accompanied by enhanced NF-κB activation and autophagy. Simvastatin treatment inhabited these changes, including the decreased levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines and increased autophagy. Conclusion. Simvastatin treatment could inhibit the hyperlipidemia-induced jaw bone microstructural defect in rats by increasing autophagic flux.

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Effects of Blood Glucose Changes and Physostigmine on Anesthetic Requirements of Halothane in Rats

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-199708000-00023 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

pp. 354-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yumiko Ishizawa ◽

Shuichiro Ohta ◽

Hiroyuki Shimonaka ◽

Shuji Dohi

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Minimum Alveolar Concentration ◽

Severe Hypoglycemia ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Control Value ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Brain Acetylcholine

Background Although hyper- and hypoglycemia induce neurophysiologic changes, there have been no reports on the effects of blood glucose changes on anesthetic requirements. This study examined the effects of hyper- and hypoglycemia on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of halothane in rats. In addition, based on a previous finding that the level of brain acetylcholine was reduced during mild hypoglycemia, the authors examined the influence of physostigmine on MAC during hypoglycemia. Methods In Sprague-Dawley rats, anesthesia was induced and maintained with halothane in oxygen and air. The MAC was determined by observing the response to tail clamping and tested during mild hypoglycemia (blood glucose level, 60 mg/dl) and hyperglycemia (blood glucose level, 300 and 500 mg/dl) induced by insulin and glucose infusion, respectively (experiment 1). The effects of 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg physostigmine given intraperitoneally on MAC were examined in rats with mild and severe hypoglycemia (blood glucose level, 60 and 30 mg/dl; experiment 2). Results In experiment 1, mild hypoglycemia significantly reduced the MAC of halothane (0.76 +/- 0.03%) compared with the control value (0.92 +/- 0.04%), but hyperglycemia did not change MAC. In experiment 2, mild and severe hypoglycemia reduced MAC of halothane in a degree-dependent manner. Physostigmine (1 mg/kg) had no effect on MAC regardless of blood glucose level, but 0.3 mg/kg reduced MAC. Conclusions Hypoglycemia reduced anesthetic requirements in a degree-dependent manner, whereas hyperglycemia had no effects. Although the mechanism of hypoglycemic MAC reduction needs further investigations, physostigmine studies suggest that this may not be related to inhibition of cholinergic transmission.

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ANTIOXIDANT AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF CURCUMA AMADA RHIZOME EXTRACT ON BENZO(A)PYRENE INDUCED CERVICAL CARCINOMA IN SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i3.16106 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 235

Author(s):

Vasundra Devi Devaraj ◽

Suja Samiappan

Keyword(s):

Cervical Carcinoma ◽

Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Tumor Burden ◽

Ca 125 ◽

Tissue Homogenate ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Curcuma Amada ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Oral Group

ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the antioxidant and chemotherapeutic potential of Curcuma amada Rhizome extract on benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) induced cervicalcarcinoma in Sprague Dawley rats.Methods: A total of 30 female Sprague Dawley rats were selected to establish cervical cancer model and then divided into 5 groups at random withsix mice in each group. Group 1 control, Group 2 BaP (oral), Group 3 BaP for 8 weeks and post-treated with cisplatin (intravenous administration),Group 4 BaP for 8 weeks and post-treated with 250 mg of ethanol extract of C. amada (oral), Group 5 BaP for 8 weeks and post-treated with 500 mgof ethanol extract of C. amada (oral). 4 weeks after the treatment, the animals were sacrificed, serum separated, and cervical tissues were dissected.Antioxidants and the markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigens (CAs) 125, gamma glutamyltransferase (GTT) were assayed in serumand the tissue was used for analyzing tumor burden and sectioned for histopathological assays.10% tissue homogenate was estimated for antioxidantsand membrane-bound enzymes.Results: BaP treated group showed significant (p<0.001) incidence of tumor burden, decreased activities of antioxidants, elevated lipid peroxidation,Na+/K+ adenosine triphosphatase (Na+K+ATPase), Calcium adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+ATPase), Magnesium adenosine triphosphatase (Mg2+ ATPase),CEA, CA 125, GTT. Treatment with C. amada rhizome extract and standard drug cisplatin reverted the antioxidants, serum markers and tissue enzymes.Conclusion: From the results, it can be concluded that C. amada Rhizome extract ameliorated BaP induced oxidative stress in the cervicalcarcinogenicity of rats.Keywords: Curcuma amada, In vivo antioxidant, Chemotherapy, Benzo(a)pyrene, Cervical carcinoma, Tumor markers.

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TRANSFERSOME GEL FORMULATION OF AN ETHANOL EXTRACT OF APPLES (MALUS DOMESTICA MILL) CONTAINING ANTIOXIDANTS AND IN VITRO PENETRATION TESTING USING FRANZ DIFFUSION CELLS

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2017.v9s1.19_24 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nurarita Fadila Zesiorani ◽

Effionora Anwar

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Diffusion Cells ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Apple Peel ◽

Franz Diffusion Cells ◽

Drug Efficiency ◽

And Control ◽

Peel Extract

Objective: This study aims to formulate and characterize a transfersome apple peel extract, formulate it into a gel, and compare it with a control gelmade without transfersome.Methods: Both gels were evaluated, stability tested, and penetration tested using Franz diffusion cells on the skin of female Sprague-Dawley rats. Thetransfersome preparations were formulated with different concentrations of the active substance, quercetin: 0.5% (F1); 0.7% (F2), and 1.0% (F3).Results: Based on the characterization results, F1 was selected as the optimum gel formulation because it had spherical morphology, a Dmean volume of106.44±2.70 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.078±0.01, a zeta potential of −49.96±2.05 mV, and a drug efficiency entrapment percentage of 78.78±0.46%.The cumulative amount of quercetin that was penetrated with the transfersome gel was 1514.41±26.31 μg/cm2, whereas the penetration with thecontrol gel extract was 1133.62±18.96 μg/cm2. The cumulative percentages of the penetrated gel transfersome and gel extract were 78.40±1.89%and 49.89±0.88%, respectively. The fluxes of transfersome gel and control gel extract were 52.33±0.11 μg/cm²/hrs and 40.89±0.68 μg/cm²/hrs,respectively.Conclusions: Based on these results, it can be concluded that the gel with transfersome exhibited better penetration than the gel extract alone.

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High-Fat-High-Fructose Diet Decreases Hippocampal Neuron Number in Male Rats

The Indonesian Biomedical Journal ◽

10.18585/inabj.v12i1.865 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Inggita Kusumastuty ◽

Frinny Sembiring ◽

Sri Andarini ◽

Dian Handayani

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Nerve Cell ◽

Hippocampal Neurons ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

Group I ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

High Fructose ◽

Group Ii ◽

Nerve Cell Death

BACKGROUND: Consumption of foods and drinks high in energy, fat, and/or sugar beyond the recommended quantities can cause obesity, which triggers the incidence of brain nerve cell death related to oxidative stress, high levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Progressive nerve cell death causes decreasing cognitive performance. This study aims to prove that an American Institute of Nutrition committee in 1993 (AIN-93M) diet modified with high-fat-high-fructose (HFHF) can decrease the number of hippocampal neurons. A decrease in the number of hippocampal neurons indicates progressive nerve cell death.METHODS: An experimental study using a post-test control group design was carried out using male Sprague Dawley rats. Samples were selected using simple random sampling to divide them into two groups, Group I was AIN-93M-modified HFHF diet (n=14) and Group II was AIN-93M standard (n=16). The number of visible neurons was measured in the hippocampus area of Sprague Dawley rats’ brains, stained with haemotoxylin and eosin (H&E) and scanned under 400x magnification. Neurons were counted in 10 visual fields using the "Cell_Count" application.RESULTS: The data were analysed by Pearson’s correlation test using SPSS. The results show that rats in Group I had a greater weight gain and fewer neurons than those in the Group II (p=0.023, r=-0.413).CONCLUSION: The consumption of foods high in fat and fructose can cause an increase in nerve cell death, as shown by the decrease in the number of hippocampal neurons.KEYWORDS: brain nerve cells, high fat, high fructose, increased body weight

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Effect of Introducing the Jordanian Common Rue (Ruta chalepensis L.) on Liver Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Adult Male Sprague Dawley Rats Toxified With Paracetamol

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v12n4p298 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 298

Author(s):

Dana N. Abdelrahim ◽

Hamed R. Takruri ◽

Khalid M. Al-Ismail

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Hepatic Injury ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Liver Weight ◽

Normal Diet ◽

High Cholesterol Diet ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

Ruta Chalepensis ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

This study aimed to determine the effect of Ruta chalepensis L. plant on liver enzymes, liver weight and lipid peroxidation using rats toxified with paracetamol. An animal experiment was conducted using five groups of Sprague Dawley rats, 9 rats each. The groups were fed: Normal diet, high cholesterol diet, with or without the plant or the liver toxicant paracetamol (PCM). The experiment lasted six weeks; at the end of the sixth week; a single dose of 3 g paracetamol/kg body weight was given for rats of two groups, then blood and liver samples were collected. The hepatoprotective effect of the plant was evaluated using aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin (TBL) levels as indicators. This study finds that the groups to which plant and PCM were given had significantly lower MDA levels in comparison with other groups that didn’t receive plant before PCM toxification. Tested liver enzymes levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lowered by the introduction of plant to the diet. Introducing PCM without ingestion of plant in the diet significantly (P < 0.05) increased the rats absolute liver weight. It is concluded that the use of Ruta chalepensis L. plant significantly lowered hepatic toxicity as indicated by the liver enzymes levels. Also, the plant lowered the MDA level and liver weight. The ingestion of the plant can be significantly protective against hepatic injury.

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Phytochemical analysis and hepatoprotective activity of Raphanus sativus var. sativus in Sprague-Dawley rats

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/tjpr.v19i8.25 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 1745-1752

Author(s):

Heshu Sulaiman Rahman ◽

Kashan Alaalddin Bayz ◽

Ridha Hassan Hussein ◽

Azad Ismael Abdalla ◽

Hemn Hassan Othman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Enzymes ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Hepatotoxic Effect ◽

Hepatic Histopathology ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Purpose: To determine the phenolic and flavonoid contents of R. sativus rhizome ethanol extract and the hepatoprotective effect of the extract in rats. Methods: Folin–Ciocalteau and aluminum chloride colorimetric tests were used to determine the contents of phenols and flavonoids in the R. sativus extract. Male Sprague-Dawley rats induced with CCl4 to develop hepatotoxicity were treated orally with R. sativus extract for 4 weeks. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the extract on the liver were determined by evaluating the concentration of oxidative analytes, serum liver enzymes and lipids, and hepatic histopathology and cytochrome P450 2E1 expression. Results: R. sativus extract significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the hepatotoxic effect of CCl4 via its antioxidant activities and protection of liver tissues from oxidative damage. Conclusion: The hepatoprotective effects of R. sativus rhizome ethanol extract are attributed to its highphenolic and flavonoid contents. Keywords: R. savitus rhizome, Phenols, Flavonoid contents, antioxidant, Hepatoprotective

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