Response to “Comment on ‘Advanced field emission measurement techniques for research on modern cold cathode materials and their applications for transmission-type x-ray sources’” [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 91, 107101 (2020)]

To improve the electrochemical properties of Ni-rich LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (LiNCA) cathode material, Ti doped or/and Al(OH)3 coated were by co-precipitation-assisted solid-phase and ball milling method was employed in this work. The morphology, structure, and electrochemical performance of the cathode materials were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), field emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM) and electrochemical techniques. Ti doping is introduced into the octahedral lattice space occupied by Li-ions to widen the Li layer spacing and thereby increase the lithium diffusion kinetics. The Al(OH)3 coating also formed a non-uniform layer on the outside of LiNCA, thereby inhibiting side reactions between the electrode and the electrolyte. As a result, the LiNCA electrode showed a high initial discharge capacity of 167.4 mAh/g. However, after 100 cycles, it showed poor cycling stability of 41.7%. In contrast, Ti doped and Al(OH)3 coated LiNCA showed the best cycling stability of 82.2% after 100 cycles.

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Structure and Field Emission Properties of CNx Powders Synthesized by a Polymerization Process

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.666 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1095 ◽

pp. 666-670

Author(s):

Chun Xue Zhai ◽

Li Li Zhao ◽

Zhi Yong Zhang ◽

Wu Zhao

Keyword(s):

Field Emission ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Annealing Treatment ◽

Polymerization Process ◽

Emission Measurement ◽

Field Emission Cathode ◽

X Ray ◽

Emission Properties ◽

Field Emission Properties ◽

Emission Cathode

The CNx powders were prepared by a polymerization process. The phase structure and bonding structure of the as-prepared powder were analyzed by X–ray diffraction and X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. To prepare CNx field emission cathode, the CNx powders were coated onto Ti substrate using a suspension sedimentation method, followed by an annealing treatment to form a TiC phase. A three layer (Ti substrate–TiC joint network–CNx particles) structure model was proposed to explain the electron field emission properties for the as-prepared field emission cathode. The field emission measurement shows that for the as-prepared CNx cathode, the threshold electric field is 2.04 V/μm and the emission current density at 3.73 V/μm is 158 μA/cm.

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WE-E-204B-07: A Cold Cathode X-Ray Source Based on TiO2 Nanotube Field Emission

Medical Physics ◽

10.1118/1.3469437 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 37 (6Part13) ◽

pp. 3439-3439

Author(s):

M.J. Klopfer ◽

Y.I. Alivov ◽

S.Y. Molloi

Keyword(s):

Field Emission ◽

Tio2 Nanotube ◽

Cold Cathode ◽

X Ray

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Development of a High Resolution X-ray Microscope Equipped with a Carbon Nanotube Field Emission Cold Cathode

Hyomen Kagaku ◽

10.1380/jsssj.29.682 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 29 (11) ◽

pp. 682-687

Author(s):

Koichi HATA ◽

Ryosuke YABUSHITA ◽

Tomoyuki OKADA

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotube ◽

High Resolution ◽

Field Emission ◽

Cold Cathode ◽

X Ray

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Development of a conical anode Fe-gun for low voltage SEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100106958 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 978-979

Author(s):

T. Miyokawa ◽

S. Norioka ◽

S. Goto

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Field Emission ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Irradiation Damage ◽

Cold Cathode ◽

Virtual Source ◽

Source Position ◽

Electrostatic Lens ◽

Electrostatic Lenses ◽

Wide Range

Field emission SEMs (FE-SEMs) are becoming popular due to their high resolution needs. In the field of semiconductor product, it is demanded to use the low accelerating voltage FE-SEM to avoid the electron irradiation damage and the electron charging up on samples. However the accelerating voltage of usual SEM with FE-gun is limited until 1 kV, which is not enough small for the present demands, because the virtual source goes far from the tip in lower accelerating voltages. This virtual source position depends on the shape of the electrostatic lens. So, we investigated several types of electrostatic lenses to be applicable to the lower accelerating voltage. In the result, it is found a field emission gun with a conical anode is effectively applied for a wide range of low accelerating voltages.A field emission gun usually consists of a field emission tip (cold cathode) and the Butler type electrostatic lens.

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Comparison of high-angle take-off and low-angle take-off EDX detector geometry of the HF-2000 FE-TEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100147107 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 252-253

Author(s):

Y. Sato ◽

T. Hashimoto ◽

M. Ichihashi ◽

Y. Ueki ◽

K. Hirose ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Field Emission ◽

Solid Angle ◽

Energy Dispersive ◽

Objective Lens ◽

X Rays ◽

High Angle ◽

X Ray ◽

Detector Geometry

Analytical TEMs have two variations in x-ray detector geometry, high and low angle take off. The high take off angle is advantageous for accuracy of quantitative analysis, because the x rays are less absorbed when they go through the sample. The low take off angle geometry enables better sensitivity because of larger detector solid angle.Hitachi HF-2000 cold field emission TEM has two versions; high angle take off and low angle take off. The former allows an energy dispersive x-ray detector above the objective lens. The latter allows the detector beside the objective lens. The x-ray take off angle is 68° for the high take off angle with the specimen held at right angles to the beam, and 22° for the low angle take off. The solid angle is 0.037 sr for the high angle take off, and 0.12 sr for the low angle take off, using a 30 mm2 detector.

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