Towards a Three-Dimensional Model of Planning Behaviour
This paper develops conceptual tools for the analysis of planning behaviour. These are, firstly, a model of planning systems as learning systems, and then three dimensions of planning behaviour, each described by defining a pair of dichotomous concepts at their far ends: ‘blueprint’ versus ‘process’ modes of planning; ‘rational-deductive’ decision-making versus ‘disjointed incrementalism’; ‘normative’ versus ‘functional’ planning. Each of these concepts is discussed in detail, and some indicators for the analysis of planning behaviour are suggested. Finally, a more complex model is constructed which combines the three dimensions. Elements of this model are firstly the level at which planning is conducted within a hierarchy of planning systems, and secondly, the ‘planning sub-structurel, that is the technology-image reflecting the nature of planning problems and available planning technologies. From this model one can derive a number of researchable hypotheses about planning behaviour.