Urban Residential Analysis: 1. Spatial Consumer Behaviour

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Spatial Choice ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Normative Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Of Analysis ◽  
Strong Concern

Equilibrium efficiency and optimum are fundamental concepts that characterize the form of ideal cities. Such forms, coupled with the ‘closed’–‘open’ distinction, provide a rich gamut of urban structures. Yet transcending this diversity of types and individualistic attributes there is a more general, unified level of analysis. Long (1971) has worked at this level, and the trend is continued in this paper. Externalities, policies, and public goods are fundamental issues underlining the recent strong concern for normative analysis. Such issues are typically related to questions of environmental quality. Indeed the impact of environmental quality upon urban structure is decisive: the message emerges clearly as the main conclusion of this essay. The gist of the analysis concerns relations among environmental quality, composition of society, and spatial choice. These relations are general in the sense that they apply both to positive and to normative models of cities.

The Changes of Urban Structure and Commuting: An Application to Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Yao ◽  
Changjoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Public Transit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Metropolitan Statistical Areas ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Commuting Time ◽  
The Impact

While urban structures have been delineated at the regional level, few works have explored the impact of urban structures on commuting at this same level. This article studies how urban structures affect commuting from 2000 to 2010. It applies a spatial statistical tool, standard deviation ellipses, to capture spatial patterns of jobs and residential workers for metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Two urban structure indexes are constructed to illustrate different decentralization levels of employment with reference to the distribution of residential workers; one illustrates the spatial decentralization of high job density nodes, while the other shows the spatial decentralization of moderate job density nodes. Commuting times of two modes by private cars and public transit are analyzed along with the number of commuters. The results highlight three findings: (1) MSAs become more compact in terms of employment distribution, (2) more decentralized high-density nodes lead to less total commuting times, and on the other hand, more decentralized moderate job density nodes contribute to longer commuting times, and (3) the decentralization of high job density nodes is associated with less commuting time of private cars, while they have insignificant effect on commuting time of public transit.

scholarly journals Harmonization of Natural and Urban Structures in The Danube Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (3) ◽  
pp. 032015
Author(s):  
Ľubica Vitková ◽  
Olena Lemak
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The deteriorating state of the environment over the last half century has resulted in the current climate and environmental crisis, which is conditioned by the unbearable exploitation of the natural environment. One of the activities that plays a key role in this situation is urbanization with a constant occupation of the landscape, increasing emissions from traffic and buildings. A well-thought-out and consistent strategy for the harmonization of natural and urban structures can mitigate the negative climate impacts in the residential environment. The harmony of natural and artificial elements has a positive impact not only on the environmental but also the aesthetic quality of the urban environment. It can significantly help to strengthen the character of the cities. It was the landscape that significantly influenced their location and characteristic image. The research focuses on the evaluation of the quality of the urban environment with emphasis on the interaction of urban and landscape structures. The presented research is aimed to the connection of the city with the river and the surrounding landscape. It analyses and evaluates the impact of characteristic natural elements on the formation of urban structures during their development to the present day. It traces significant "traces" of the landscape in the urban structure of selected cities and their evolution. The research is focused to significant Slovak settlement on the Danube.

scholarly journals The impact of historic zoning of the Chinese and Western European cities upon social differentiation in the conditions of urbanization

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Lioudmila Dmitrievna Erokhina ◽  
Hailun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cultural Continuity ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Western European ◽  
The Impact

The object of this article is the cities of China. The rapid growth and impact of Chinese cities upon the economy, politics and social life of the country and South Eastern part of the world sparks persistent interest of the researchers. Urbanization processes in China has a range of specific features that distinguish them from urbanization in the countries of Western Europe. Their identification is the goal of this article. The subject of this research became the differentiation of the modern Chinese cities and intraurban social stratification. Based on the accepted in Chinese sociology methodology of classification of cities, the author determines the differences between the urban structures of Western European and Chinese cities. The acquired results detect that the urban social and spatial structures in Western Europe have established under the influence of general economic processes that destroyed the traditional urban structure; while the Chinese cities, despite their rapid development, retain historical and cultural continuity of the principles of creation of spatial structure as a result of planned economy and political control. Examination of the peculiarities of urban structure and agglomerations allows forecasting the development of China’s social structure in the context of global transformations.

scholarly journals Techno-material and socio-environmental model for assessing urban sustainability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Wagner ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Strong Concern

The term “sustainable development” first appeared as part of discussions regarding the capacity of natural ecosystems to support the current model of economic growth, assuming a strong concern with the preservation of the planet's environmental structures. Initially, these concerns were conceived on a global scale, but soon the need to bring the discussions to the urban locus - the impact of large human agglomerations on the territory and its natural resources - was realized. Thus, the local scale gained importance, since most of the environmental problems originate in the local urban structures and through the lifestyle that they advocate. Cities are serious consumers and degraders of the natural ecosystem, waterproofing soils, polluting the atmosphere, altering the landscape and consuming resources. Based on studies produced by French geographer Cyria Emelianoff and Brazilian economist Henri Acselrad, on the systematization of different representations and practices in urban sustainability, this research paper aims to introduce the design and development of an evaluation model able to assess the degree of sustainability using a techno-material and socio-environmental set of criteria. This model is intended to serve as a benchmark for both the formulation and evaluation of plans, projects and public policies focused on genuine sustainable development.

The Middle East and Peaceful Change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie M. Kacowicz ◽  
Galia Press-Barnathan
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
War Zone ◽  
Arab League ◽  
Arab Israeli Conflict ◽  
Kurdish Question ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Of Analysis

The Middle East is often considered a war zone, and it rarely comes to mind as a region that includes cases of peaceful change. Yet several examples of peaceful change can be identified at different levels of analysis: international, regional, interactive, and domestic. This chapter first critically examines the impact of the broader global/systemic level of analysis on the prospects for peaceful change. It then moves to examine the regional level of analysis, exploring the Kurdish question and the Arab-Israeli conflict as a central axis of change, the role of the Arab League, and the case of the Gulf Cooperation Council. The chapter then examines the interactive, bilateral level of analysis, exploring peaceful territorial change in the context of the Arab-Israeli conflict, with reference to the successful Israeli-Egyptian negotiations of 1977–1979 and the stalled Israeli-Palestinian peace process since 1993. Next, it explores the domestic level of analysis, focusing on domestic politics, the nature of ruling coalitions, and the implications of the domestic turmoil of the Arab Spring. The last section draws conclusions from each level of analysis, with implications about the prospects for peaceful change in the region.

Big Data and Sustainable Consumption: A Review and Research Agenda

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226292110225
Author(s):  
Shobhana Chandra ◽  
Sanjeev Verma
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Consumption Behaviour ◽  
Consumer Experiences ◽  
Systematic Understanding ◽  
The Impact

Big data (BD) is making advances in promoting sustainable consumption behaviour and has attracted the attention of researchers worldwide. Despite the increased focus, the findings of studies on this topic are fragmented, and future researchers need a systematic understanding of the existing literature for identification of the research scope. This study offers a systematic review of the role of BD in promoting sustainable-consumption behaviour with the help of a bibliometric analysis, followed by a thematic analysis. The findings suggest that businesses deploy BD to create sustainable consumer experiences, predict consumer buying patterns, design and alter business models and create nudges for sustainable consumption, while consumers are forcing businesses to develop green operations and supply chains to reduce the latter’s carbon footprint. The major research gaps for future researchers are in the following areas: the impact of big data analytics (BDA) on consumerism, the role of BD in the formation of sustainable habits and consumer knowledge creation for sustainable consumption and prediction of green consumer behaviour.

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