scholarly journals The impact of historic zoning of the Chinese and Western European cities upon social differentiation in the conditions of urbanization

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Lioudmila Dmitrievna Erokhina ◽  
Hailun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cultural Continuity ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Western European ◽  
The Impact

The object of this article is the cities of China. The rapid growth and impact of Chinese cities upon the economy, politics and social life of the country and South Eastern part of the world sparks persistent interest of the researchers. Urbanization processes in China has a range of specific features that distinguish them from urbanization in the countries of Western Europe. Their identification is the goal of this article. The subject of this research became the differentiation of the modern Chinese cities and intraurban social stratification. Based on the accepted in Chinese sociology methodology of classification of cities, the author determines the differences between the urban structures of Western European and Chinese cities. The acquired results detect that the urban social and spatial structures in Western Europe have established under the influence of general economic processes that destroyed the traditional urban structure; while the Chinese cities, despite their rapid development, retain historical and cultural continuity of the principles of creation of spatial structure as a result of planned economy and political control. Examination of the peculiarities of urban structure and agglomerations allows forecasting the development of China’s social structure in the context of global transformations.

Memory Wars in the East European Frontier: In Search of Research Methodology

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Daniil A. Anikin ◽  
◽  
Andrey A. Linchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
East European ◽  
German Model ◽  
Western European ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Soviet Legacy ◽  
The Impact

Within the framework of this article, the theoretical and methodological framework of the philosophical interpretation of the concept “memory wars” was analyzed. In the context of criticism of allochronism and the project of the politics of time by B. Bevernage, as well as the concept of the frontier by F. Turner, the space-time aspects of the content of memory wars were comprehended. The use of Bevernage's ideas made it possible to explain the nature of modern memory wars in Europe. The origins of these wars are associated with an attempt to transfer the Western European project of “cosmopolitan” memory, in which Western Europe turns out to be a kind of a “referential” framework of historical modernity, to the countries of Eastern Europe after 1989. The uncritical use of Western European historical experience as a “reference” leads to a superficial copying of the politics of memory, which runs counter to the politics of the time in Eastern Europe. In Eastern Europe, the idea of two totalitarianisms is presented as a single and internally indistinguishable era, and the politics of modern post-socialist states are based on the idea of a radical spatio-temporal distancing from their recent past. The article analyzes the issue of the specifics of the Eastern European frontier, the conditions for its emergence and the impact on modern forms of implementation of the politics of memory. The frontier arises as a result of the collapse of the colonial empires and becomes a space of symbolic struggle, first between the USSR and Germany, and then between the socialist and capitalist blocs. The crisis of the globalist project of the politics of memory and the transfer of the German model of victimization to the territory of the Eastern European frontier leads to the competition of sacrificial narratives and the escalation of memorial conflicts, turning into full-fledged memory wars. The hybrid nature of the antagonistic politics of memory in the conditions of the frontier leads to the fact that not only the socialist past, but also the national trauma of individual states becomes the subject of memory wars. The increasing complexity of the mnemonic structure of the frontier is associated with the emergence of a number of unrecognized states, whose memory politics, in contrast to the national discourses of Eastern European states, is based on a synthesis of the Soviet legacy and individual elements of the imperial past.

Urban Residential Analysis: 1. Spatial Consumer Behaviour

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Spatial Choice ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Normative Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Of Analysis ◽  
Strong Concern

Equilibrium efficiency and optimum are fundamental concepts that characterize the form of ideal cities. Such forms, coupled with the ‘closed’–‘open’ distinction, provide a rich gamut of urban structures. Yet transcending this diversity of types and individualistic attributes there is a more general, unified level of analysis. Long (1971) has worked at this level, and the trend is continued in this paper. Externalities, policies, and public goods are fundamental issues underlining the recent strong concern for normative analysis. Such issues are typically related to questions of environmental quality. Indeed the impact of environmental quality upon urban structure is decisive: the message emerges clearly as the main conclusion of this essay. The gist of the analysis concerns relations among environmental quality, composition of society, and spatial choice. These relations are general in the sense that they apply both to positive and to normative models of cities.

The Changes of Urban Structure and Commuting: An Application to Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Yao ◽  
Changjoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Public Transit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Metropolitan Statistical Areas ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Commuting Time ◽  
The Impact

While urban structures have been delineated at the regional level, few works have explored the impact of urban structures on commuting at this same level. This article studies how urban structures affect commuting from 2000 to 2010. It applies a spatial statistical tool, standard deviation ellipses, to capture spatial patterns of jobs and residential workers for metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Two urban structure indexes are constructed to illustrate different decentralization levels of employment with reference to the distribution of residential workers; one illustrates the spatial decentralization of high job density nodes, while the other shows the spatial decentralization of moderate job density nodes. Commuting times of two modes by private cars and public transit are analyzed along with the number of commuters. The results highlight three findings: (1) MSAs become more compact in terms of employment distribution, (2) more decentralized high-density nodes lead to less total commuting times, and on the other hand, more decentralized moderate job density nodes contribute to longer commuting times, and (3) the decentralization of high job density nodes is associated with less commuting time of private cars, while they have insignificant effect on commuting time of public transit.

The impact of modern technologies on the development of electronic tourism

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Вахед Эссам Абдаллах Махмуд Абдель ◽  
Vakhed Essam Abdallakh Makhmud Abdel
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Satellite Television ◽  
Price Range ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses advantages of information technology in electronic tourism (e-tourism) promotion. Today the global society is hardly imaginable without different portable technical equipment, and it is the condition for e-tourism development. Implementation of the global Internet network in all spheres of human activity has allowed to develop e-commerce, which is firmly established in the tourism industry. At current stage tourist sites occupy a significant part of total number of Internet sites. E-tourism is the pressing topic for modern globalized society. But today the advantages of Internet´s impact on the tourism industry in Russia and the world at large are understudied. The article defines the role of Internet and satellite television in development new type of organization of tourism – e-tourism. This kind of organization of tourism has become very popular in Western Europe and in America, due to the development of information technologies and Internet expansion of Web-sites of many means of accommodation. Hotels with own Web-sites gives on their pages detailed information about the conditions of accommodation with an indication of the prices of all the services offered. When comparing the data of price-lists, we can note that they differ markedly in the price range from tourist agencies proposals. Internet capabilities are attractive to potential tourists. With their help he by himself can get acquainted with the country, he is going to visit, can learn about the attractions and hotels, as well as the living conditions in them. Gradually, travelers began to trust in innovations such as e-visa and e-ticket, and enjoy them. Thus, it is possible to talk about the rapid development of e-tourism.

scholarly journals The impact of social stratification on morbidity during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 793-806
Author(s):  
Nilanjan Raghunath ◽  
Tony Tan
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Us Census ◽  
The Impact

PurposeSocioeconomic status (SES) has been known to be associated with many aspects of social life such as health. We argue that social stratification remains relevant in understanding differentials in health during a pandemic, as countries globally have encouraged or enforced social distancing and remote work measures.Design/methodology/approachBy examining data sources and news reports on the COVID-19 pandemic, we aim to highlight the relationship between SES and morbidity, through the ability to adopt social distancing measures and work remotely. Utilizing publicly available data from the Maryland Transport Institute and the US Census, we performed linear regressions on median income, social distancing index and percentage of individuals working from home.FindingsIndividuals with higher SES are more likely to have jobs that provide opportunities for remote work to be performed, which allows for social distancing. Comparatively, individuals with lower SES are more likely to be involved in jobs that cannot be performed remotely. The linear regression models suggest a positive moderate and significant correlation between median income and social distancing index (R2 = 0.4981, p-value < 0.001), and a positive weak and significant correlation between median income and remote work (R2 = 0.2460, p-value < 0.001).Research limitations/implicationsGovernments need to account for SES in policymaking to reduce inequalities in health.Originality/valueThe paper aims to improve the understanding of social stratification and morbidity through examining data on the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Harmonization of Natural and Urban Structures in The Danube Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (3) ◽  
pp. 032015
Author(s):  
Ľubica Vitková ◽  
Olena Lemak
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The deteriorating state of the environment over the last half century has resulted in the current climate and environmental crisis, which is conditioned by the unbearable exploitation of the natural environment. One of the activities that plays a key role in this situation is urbanization with a constant occupation of the landscape, increasing emissions from traffic and buildings. A well-thought-out and consistent strategy for the harmonization of natural and urban structures can mitigate the negative climate impacts in the residential environment. The harmony of natural and artificial elements has a positive impact not only on the environmental but also the aesthetic quality of the urban environment. It can significantly help to strengthen the character of the cities. It was the landscape that significantly influenced their location and characteristic image. The research focuses on the evaluation of the quality of the urban environment with emphasis on the interaction of urban and landscape structures. The presented research is aimed to the connection of the city with the river and the surrounding landscape. It analyses and evaluates the impact of characteristic natural elements on the formation of urban structures during their development to the present day. It traces significant "traces" of the landscape in the urban structure of selected cities and their evolution. The research is focused to significant Slovak settlement on the Danube.

scholarly journals IMPULSE DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES CAUSED BY THE RANGE OF CERTAIN INFRASTRUCTURAL FACTORS. FORMS AND EXPERIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
Pavliv A ◽  
◽  
Shuldan L ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Short Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

The issue of impulse development of cities caused by different infrastructural factors is considered. It has been determined that rapid development of urban planning structure which occurred over a short period of time can be viewed as an effective urban planning impulse, with the exception of the following conditions, when they: a) did not lead to sustainable results, b) did not solve the basic problems of life support; c) originated from the modernist legacy of total urban planning, which considered the possibility of creating a large urban structure from scratch, based on a one-time master plan). According to the history of their development, urban structures fall into two major categories: evolutionary and impulse-based. Evolutionary category includes the cities which have developed gradually, without any significant spurts from the original core, through the long-term accumulation of complications. While the cities, which fall into the impulse-based category are characterized by a stage of sharp acceleration of development or a kind of a growth spurt, followed by either stabilization or a relative slowdown. Given the task set in this study, this category of the cities was selected as the object of further consideration. Based on the analysis of the source base, four basic factors of historical urban planning have been outlined, which can be considered as impulse factors in the form of clearly expressed changes - infrastructural, demographic, economic, myth-making. Taking Tenochtitlan, Stockholm and Alexandria as the example, the content and functional structure of infrastructural impulse changes have been outlined. By these we mean rethinking of life support systems, which leads to sharp population growth and employment diversification. To become a ‘growth spurt’ factor, such changes must contain a number of special qualities: convenience, accessibility and uniqueness. Convenience is the difference in the use of infrastructural benefits between the locality in which the impulse change takes place and other similar cities. Accessibility means the ability to use (access) the infrastructural benefits by as many residents as possible. While uniqueness stands for a feature or set of infrastructure features that are notably absent in the cities of the competing area.

scholarly journals The occurrence of complex dialogue communication: patient – physician – IT manager

Communicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
K. V. Rakova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Doctor Patient Communication ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The rapid acceleration of social processes in society under the influence of digitalization affects the key areas of social life, including medicine. The author examines the impact of digital technologies on the provision of health care services and analyzes the nature of doctor-patient communication and its growing complexity. The use of high-tech software in medicine causes the need to create relevant educational programs for specialists either in medicine or information technology. Moreover, the digitalization of health care system makes the need in new professions more urgent. For instance, the appearance of IT-doctors, who specialize in creating digital medical programs using artificial intelligence algorithms based on medical sciences. The study reveals the emergence of a three-way communication «patient – physician – IT manager». The research dwells on the ambivalent impact of digitalization on the provision of health care services and the social stratification of individuals in society.

scholarly journals Neo-Latin poetry of Ukraine: literary and stylistic syncretism

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (41) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Mariia Lastovets ◽  
Valentyna Myronova ◽  
Oksana Koshchii ◽  
Nataliia Korolova
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
Latin Poetry ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Latin Language ◽  
Western European ◽  
Classical Traditions

The article considers the literary and stylistic peculiarities of Neo-Latin poetry in seventeenth to eighteenth-century Ukraine. Latin poetry of that time is marked by variability and diversity of genres, for it logically continued the classical traditions and at the same time was influenced by the aesthetics and poetics of the Baroque due to the interlingual contacts. The Latin language was supposed to be the main criterion of the high style in a poetry. As for the genre peculiarities, Neo-Latin poetry tended to panegyrics as the literature "fashion" of that epoch, when the poets expressed their gratitude and admiration to the philanthropists, whereas the elegic poems were the part of poetic courses to illustrate the genre. It explains the freedom and fantazy which are present in panegyric poetry and classical canon which served for writing elegies. The period of the seventeenth to the eighteenth century was an absolutely disparate one in both the political and social life of Ukraine. Rapid development of events, dramatically changing realia and values shaped very special attitudes to life with the contemporaries, in particular with Kyiv intellectual poets who wrote a significant number of works in Latin. Analysis of these works enables to characterize the development of the Latin language in Ukraine and consider Neo-Latin poetry of Ukraine as a part of the Western European literary and language unity.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF THE MODERN LEARNERS GENERATION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE DIGITAL SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-160
Author(s):  
Oksana Strutynska
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Children’S Work ◽  
The Impact

The paper considers the peculiarities of the modern learners generation, the impact of digital technologies on their development. The modern generation of children is born and grows under the conditions of rapid development of digital technologies, digital transformation of many areas of social life, etc. Young people perceive these changes as daily phenomena, this is their ordinary world, in which they can orient easily and accept new formats of interaction naturally. In order to effectively teach young people, it is necessary to understand their motivational factors, ways of thinking, peculiarities of perception of learning material under the conditions of constant use of digital technologies and digital devices. The paper presents brief characteristics of generations according to the theory of generations by N. Howe and W. Strauss. The peculiarities of generations Y and Z, which are represented by modern students and pupils, respectively, are characterized. It is determined that the learning of generation Y representatives differs significantly from the learning of students of previous years. Modern students have a number of characteristics that radically change the traditional learning process. The peculiarities of generation Z, which includes modern students, is that they use technology more effectively. Thus, understanding these peculiarities of the learners' development, teachers can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the learning process. The findings describe the impact of digital technologies on the development of modern youth, namely, how children are involved in the use of digital technologies; how working in the online environment and communication using digital devices affects the development of the modern generation; how this differs from traditional ways of perceiving data, etc. Also, some negative consequences of the impact of digital technologies on modern youth, the most common threats to children's work on the Internet and possible ways to ensure their information security are considered. The studies results showed the importance of taking into account the characteristics of the current learners' generation to determine ways of effective pedagogical interaction with them.

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