The Mapping of Small-Area Census Data—A Consideration of the Role of Enumeration District Boundaries

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1267-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
C S Morphet
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
Enumeration District ◽  
Census Enumeration ◽  
Newcastle Upon Tyne

Census enumeration districts (EDs) are not ‘natural’ areal units, and a strong presumption exists against their use for cartographic or analytical purposes. There is, however, some reason to suppose that their boundaries may coincide with divisions in the underlying social geography of an area, and that they therefore contain information which should not be lost in processing. A study of Newcastle upon Tyne EDs shows that ED boundaries do not, in fact, mark the boundaries of distinct areas. The presumption against the use of ED boundaries for cartographic representation is reinforced.

The Estimation of Population Microdata by Using Data from Small Area Statistics and Samples of Anonymised Records

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Williamson ◽  
M Birkin ◽  
P H Rees
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Combinatorial Optimisation ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Test Statistics ◽  
Enumeration District ◽  
Small Area Statistics ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Combining Information

Census data can be represented both as lists and as tabulations of household/individual attributes. List representation of Census data offers greater flexibility, as the exploration of interrelationships between population characteristics is limited only by the quality and scope of the data collected. Unfortunately, the released lists of household/individual attributes (Samples of Anonymised Records, SARs) are spatially referenced only to areas (single or merged districts) with populations of 120 000 or more, whereas released tabulations are available for units as small as single enumeration districts (Small Area Statistics, SAS). Intuitively, it should be possible to derive list-based estimates of enumeration district populations by combining information contained in the SAR and the SAS. In this paper we explore the range of solutions that could be adapted to this problem which, ultimately, is presented as a complex combinatorial optimisation problem. Various techniques of combinatorial optimisation are tested, and preliminary results from the best performing algorithm are evaluated. Through this process, the lack of suitable test statistics for the comparison of observed and expected tabulations of population data is highlighted.

The Crisis of Social Institutions and Police Homicides: The Adverse Effects of Low Institutional Control

2021 ◽  
pp. 108876792110184
Author(s):  
Kamali’ilani T. E. Wetherell ◽  
Terance D. Miethe
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Institutional Control ◽  
Different Levels

Using U.S. census data and a multi-source database on officer-involved killings, the current study extends previous research by exploring the influence of measures of weak social control in economic, educational, and familial institutions on state rates of police homicide. States with lower levels of institutional control are found to have higher overall rates of police homicides and police killings involving Black, Hispanic, and White decedents. The significant effects of institutional control on these police homicide rates are generally found to exhibit contextual invariance across different levels of various control variables (e.g., comparisons of states with low or high violent crime rates, low vs high economic inequality, low vs high levels of urbanization). These results and the limitations of this study are discussed in terms of implications for future research and public policy on police homicides and the role of social institutions in minimizing the occurrence of these incidents.

scholarly journals A small-area validation of deprivation using 2011 census data from Cyprus

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Lamnisos ◽  
G Lambrianidou ◽  
G Lavranos ◽  
N Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Census Data

scholarly journals Mendongkrak Volume Penjualan Produk UMKM Melalui Akun Organisasi E-Commerce

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Fauziyah Fauziyah ◽  
Muhammad Rijalus Sholihin
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Economic Fundamentals ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Indonesia is a big country, based on the Population Census data released by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the number of inhabitants in 2018 is not less than 260 million. This figure will continue to grow each year, projected in 2035 the number reached more than 300 million inhabitants. The existence and role of MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) in supporting national economic activity, especially in addressing the problems of poverty, unemployment, inequality between sectors, is very important and strategic. Therefore, a strengthening of the economy of small and medium priority towards the creation of a solid economic fundamentals. However, in realizing the great potential, SMEs still face many problems, both internally and externally. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of product variety, posting and updating, as well as keywords affect the increase in sales volume either partially or simultaneously. The method used in this penelitiaan is quantitative descriptive. The results of this study indicate that the product variety, posting and updating, as well as keywords affect the increase in sales volume either partially or simultaneously.

scholarly journals Social and Institutional Origins of Political Islam

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN BROOKE ◽  
NEIL KETCHLEY
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Economic Infrastructure ◽  
State Infrastructure

Under what conditions did the first Islamist movements organize? Which social and institutional contexts facilitated such mobilization? A sizable literature points to social and demographic changes, Western encroachment into Muslim societies, and the availability of state and economic infrastructure. To test these hypotheses, we match a listing of Muslim Brotherhood branches founded in interwar Egypt with contemporaneous census data on over 4,000 subdistricts. A multilevel analysis shows that Muslim Brotherhood branches were more likely in subdistricts connected to the railway and where literacy was higher. Branches were less likely in districts with large European populations, and where state administration was more extensive. Qualitative evidence also points to the railway as key to the movement’s propagation. These findings challenge the orthodoxy that contact between Muslims and the West spurred the growth of organized political Islam, and instead highlight the critical role of economic and state infrastructure in patterning the early contexts of Islamist activism.

Geographers, ethics and social concern

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Radical Reaction ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
Human Geography ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Social Concern ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Life On Earth

Social concern, or relevance, was one of the main themes in human geography during the last three decades of the twentieth century. Preoccupation with the areal differentiation of life on earth, which had dominated the discipline until the 1960s, gave way to an emerging sense of responsibility for improving the human condition. An apparent lack of social concern on the part of the new numerical human geography helped to provoke the ‘radical’ reaction of the 1970s. Inequality and social justice became central issues, as the role of values in geography was explicitly recognised. The 1990s saw a broader ‘moral turn’, involving explorations of the interface between geography and ethics. British geography and geographers played a prominent part in the discipline's orientation towards ethics and social concern. The proliferation of issues of social concern prompted a rethinking of social geography.

How State Presence Leads to Civil Conflict

2020 ◽  
pp. 002200272095706
Author(s):  
Luwei Ying
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
State Capacity ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Power ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Civil Conflicts ◽  
Province Level ◽  
Local Leaders

Political scientists and policy-makers have long argued that state weakness leads to civil conflict while enhancing state power helps prevent violence. Why, then, has increased state capacity worldwide recently coincided with more civil conflicts? This study argues that enhanced state presence at the sub-national level—a symptom of growing state capacity—may induce violent resistance from the established non-state powers such as local leaders and communities in the short term. Empirically, I conduct two analyses, one at the province level and the other at the ethnic group level. To measure state presence, I use accuracy of census data in the first analysis and global ground transportation data in the second analysis. Results demonstrate that increased state presence triggers civil conflict, particularly in the first five years of such increasing state presence, and this effect is stronger in remote and ethnically heterogeneous regions. Evidence also suggests that ethnic groups settled in peripheral regions are prominent resisters to state penetration. This paper thus expands prior understanding of the role of state power in civil conflicts.

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