The Crisis of Social Institutions and Police Homicides: The Adverse Effects of Low Institutional Control

2021 ◽  
pp. 108876792110184
Author(s):  
Kamali’ilani T. E. Wetherell ◽  
Terance D. Miethe
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Institutional Control ◽  
Different Levels

Using U.S. census data and a multi-source database on officer-involved killings, the current study extends previous research by exploring the influence of measures of weak social control in economic, educational, and familial institutions on state rates of police homicide. States with lower levels of institutional control are found to have higher overall rates of police homicides and police killings involving Black, Hispanic, and White decedents. The significant effects of institutional control on these police homicide rates are generally found to exhibit contextual invariance across different levels of various control variables (e.g., comparisons of states with low or high violent crime rates, low vs high economic inequality, low vs high levels of urbanization). These results and the limitations of this study are discussed in terms of implications for future research and public policy on police homicides and the role of social institutions in minimizing the occurrence of these incidents.

EXPRESS: The Future of Marketing Analytics and Public Policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 074391562110423
Author(s):  
Brennan Davis ◽  
Dhruv Grewal ◽  
Steve Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Media Analytics ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Marketing Analytics ◽  
Future Of Marketing ◽  
And Robotics

The purpose of this special issue is to encourage the emerging role of analytics in marketing and public policy research. We draw attention to a multitude of comprehensive data sources and analytical techniques that tackle important public policy and marketing issues. We highlight six key domains that provide fruitful avenues for such pursuit: retail analytics, social media analytics, marketing mix analytics, services including healthcare, nonprofits and politics, and artificial intelligence and robotics. We also offer an overview of the various articles and commentaries that are included in this special issue, and we encourage future research building on the underlying analytics approaches, substantive findings, and theoretical discoveries.

The Role of Cognitive Responses as Mediators of Alcohol Warning Label Effects

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Craig Andrews ◽  
Richard G. Netemeyer ◽  
Srinivas Durvasula
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Public Policy Issue ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Relationship

The authors examine an important public policy issue, namely, the effectiveness of federally mandated and proposed alcohol warning labels. Specifically, warning label cognitive responses are tested as mediators of effects of five different alcohol warning label types on label attitudes. On the basis of requirements for ANOVA-based mediation, net support arguments mediated 76% of the warning label treatment effect on label attitudes. Following requirements for regression-based mediation, net support arguments mediated the relationship from attitude toward drinking to label attitudes. Public policy implications and future research directions are provided.

Drug abuse and developmental psychopathology

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEYER D. GLANTZ ◽  
ALAN I. LESHNER
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Research Findings

Drug abuse research and theory has become much more sophisticated over the last 2 decades, and some of the advancements parallel concepts that are part of the developmental psychopathology approach. The application of the developmental psychopathology perspective to recent drug abuse research findings can provide a greater understanding of that information and point to important areas of future research. Among the drug abuse research areas discussed here and viewed from this perspective are antecedent and co-occurring psychopathological conditions and other problem behaviors; the diversity of the nature of, paths to, and processes and outcomes related to drug abuse; the role of intermediary influences; the interaction of individual and environmental predisposing and protective factors; the role of families and other social institutions in intervention; and developmental stage characteristics. Directions for future research are also discussed.

TRANSFORMATION OF CONCEPT "COMPETITION" IN SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT IN THE CONTEXT OF PUBLIC DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
O. Zubchyk
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Scientific Thought ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Public Policy Research ◽  
Different Levels

The purpose of the article is to reveal the content of the transformation of the concept of "competition", which synthesizes and reflects the objective reality, showing heuristic potential in the context of public policy research and public administration. The author showed that the evolution of conceptual views on competition is evidenced by the transformation of the concept of "competition" and related concepts (subject, object of competition, economic relations, and state economic policy). The influence of various factors on the conceptualization of experience at different levels (personal, state-public relations, interstate) is substantiated. The author considered the transformation of the concept of "competition" in scientific thought in the context of social development from the era of antiquity to our day. The author proposed a methodology that allows deeper analysis of the role of subjects of socio-political and statemanagement relations in the context of the study of state policy and public administration. The research on the transformation of the concept of "competition" in the context of social development in the most common and influential theories provides additional opportunities for analyzing the role of socio-political and state-managerial relations in the context of studying public policy as a mechanism of public administration .

Inflation and Cross-National Homicide: Assessing Nonlinear and Moderation Effects Across 65 Countries, 1965–2015

2021 ◽  
pp. 105756772098162
Author(s):  
Mateus Rennó Santos ◽  
Alexander Testa ◽  
Douglas B. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Cross National

Criminologists have long speculated that economic conditions play a role in driving crime trends. Emerging research finds that inflation rates are associated with crime rates both within the United States and cross-nationally. Inflation is hypothesized to increase crime by incentivizing illegal markets and organized criminal activity and by reducing the legitimacy of social institutions. Existing research on the association between inflation and homicide rates has been limited to single-country studies or multicountry studies consisting of developed countries only. Moreover, there has been limited attention to the potential complexity of this relationship, including whether it is nonlinear, as crime rates may only increase after a certain threshold of inflation is reached, and whether the criminogenic impact of inflation may be moderated by socioeconomic development, as developing countries are anticipated to be more adversely impacted by the criminogenic influence of inflation. Drawing on a sample of 65 economically diverse countries from 1965 to 2015, we find a positive direct relationship between inflation and homicide rates, although we do not find evidence that this association is nonlinear. Finally, contrary to expectation, we find that the inflation–homicide relationship is most impactful in countries with higher levels of development. We discuss these findings in the context of cross-national predictors of crime.

Policy analysis in Colombia: an introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nadia Rubaii ◽  
Pablo Sanabria-Pulido
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Critical Juncture ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Institutional Challenges ◽  
Different Levels

This chapter introduces the policy analysis in Colombia at a critical juncture in the country's history when having government officials capable of making evidence-based policy decisions is as important as ever. It evaluates the role of different levels of government, institutions of government, and actors outside of government in the development, implementation, and evaluation of public policy. It also highlights the degree to which analysis informs key substantive policy areas. The chapter details how governmental and nongovernmental institutions and actors have historically contributed to the analysis of policy options and outcomes. It describes Colombia as a country that exemplifies a particular path of development and has been able to configure a relatively developed public administration apparatus even with the presence of key institutional challenges.

Collaborative Market Making

2019 ◽  
pp. 287-312
Author(s):  
Pinar Ozcan ◽  
Kerem Gurses
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extensive Discussion ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Regulatory Uncertainty ◽  
Market Formation ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Interfirm Alliances ◽  
Different Levels

Extant work has identified many aspects of market formation including the mechanisms and processes associated with the origins of new markets and the trajectories of market emergence. However, the critical role of interfirm alliances in the formation of new markets still remains unexplored. This chapter brings forward interfirm alliances as a critical tool for firms to fuel the formation of new markets, which are often characterized by high levels of demand, supply, and regulatory uncertainty. To take a systematic look at the role of alliances in market formation, the chapter first describes the different alliance forms under the general categories of dyadic and multipartner alliances. Within these categories, the chapter discusses the potential impact of the respective alliance type on reducing different levels of uncertainty and catalyzing market emergence. It also provides an extensive discussion of the challenges that firms typically face within each type of alliance with regards to market formation. The chapter concludes with directions for future research in exploring alliances as tools for market formation.

scholarly journals What do we know about suicide bombing?

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Ward
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Present Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Suicide Bombing ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Different Levels

In this article, the present status of our knowledge about the phenomenon of “suicide” bombing or “martyrdom” operations is identified. A review of many studies located at different levels of analysis is conducted, followed by an analysis and evaluation of the state of the research at each level. In addition, an exploration of the evolution in the characteristics of this tactic and the differences, if any, between subnational and transnational acts is undertaken. The conclusion identifies what we know and what may be appropriate for future research and public policy initiatives.

scholarly journals Examination of institutions in social sciences: to articulation of the problem of philosophical analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-78
Author(s):  
Nikita Nikolaevich Ravochkin
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Specific Interests

In recent decades, the problematic of social institutions has come to the forefront in foreign and national social science. It is justified by the fact that namely the institutional environment determines the success of social interactions and utilization of resources for moving towards the evolutionary scenario of development. The author gives close attention to the existing within national and foreign discourse definition of the basic object, and critically assesses the overall state of institutional research in social sciences. The discovered disciplinary narrowness and penchant for field-specific interests despite ambitious demands advance by, for example, economic sciences, substantiate the need for detailed philosophical analysis of social institutions. The author's special contribution lies in critical assessment of the available range of theoretical material in the area of sociological, economic, legal and political sciences. The article demonstrates the continuity and overall dynamics of disciplinary research of the institutions within the discourse of social sciences. The importance of interdisciplinary consideration of problematic areas in the institutional research is emphasized. Link between the effectiveness of functionality of the institutions and cognitive characteristics is traced. The value of constructivist approach is evident due to the increasing role of ideas in social sciences. In conclusion, the author conflates the strong and weak sides of disciplinary works, anticipating future research on the development of the ultimate grounds of institutions.

scholarly journals Evolving the neuroendocrine physiology of human and primate cooperation and collective action

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1683) ◽  
pp. 20150014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Trumble ◽  
Adrian V. Jaeggi ◽  
Michael Gurven
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Territorial Defence ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Different Levels

While many hormones play vital roles in facilitating or reinforcing cooperative behaviour, the neurohormones underlying competitive and cooperative behaviours are largely conserved across all mammals. This raises the question of how endocrine mechanisms have been shaped by selection to produce different levels of cooperation in different species. Multiple components of endocrine physiology—from baseline hormone concentrations, to binding proteins, to the receptor sensitivity and specificity—can evolve independently and be impacted by current socio-ecological conditions or individual status, thus potentially generating a wide range of variation within and between species. Here, we highlight several neurohormones and variation in hormone receptor genes associated with cooperation, focusing on the role of oxytocin and testosterone in contexts ranging from parenting and pair-bonding to reciprocity and territorial defence. While the studies reviewed herein describe the current state of the literature with regard to hormonal modulators of cooperation and collective action, there is still a paucity of research on hormonal mechanisms that help facilitate large-scale collective action. We end by discussing several potential areas for future research.

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