The Role of Residence in School Segregation: Placing the Impact of Parental Choice in Perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1829-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Taylor ◽  
Stephen Gorard
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Parental Choice ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Segregation ◽  
The Impact

There have been many claims that the introduction of parental choice for schools in the United Kingdom would lead to further socioeconomic segregation between schools. However, little evidence of this has actually emerged. Instead during the first half of the 1990s, in particular, the number of children living in poverty became more equally distributed between UK secondary schools. Part of the explanation for this lies with the prior arrangements for allocating children to schools, typically based upon designated catchment areas. In this paper we argue that the degree of residential segregation that exists in England ensured that schools were already highly segregated before the introduction of market reforms to education, and has continued to be the chief determinant of segregation since. We then suggest that the School Standards and Framework Act 1998, which advocates a return to the use of catchment areas and distance to school when allocating places in oversubscribed schools, may be leading inadvertently to increased socioeconomic segregation between schools.

A National Treasure? The Role of Civil Society in Promoting and Enforcing Human Rights in the United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Social And Economic Rights

Abstract The article investigates the negative attitude towards civil society over the last decade in the United Kingdom and the repercussions for human rights. It considers this in the context of the United Kingdom government’s implementation of the policy of austerity. It reflects on the various policy and legal changes, and the impact on the campaigning and advocacy work of civil society organizations, particularly those that work on social and economic rights.

Women on Corporate Boards: A Comparison of Parliamentary Discourse in the United Kingdom and France

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 443-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Chandler
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
Feminist Literature ◽  
Gender Balance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Women On Corporate Boards ◽  
The Impact

In 2013 the European Commission presented a draft directive calling for member states to increase the presence of women on corporate boards. Some countries, such as France, have taken a quota approach by passing legislation requiring corporations to increase the numbers of women on their boards over time, while the governments of other states, such as the United Kingdom, have preferred measures to encourage corporations to have more inclusive boards. While there is a growing literature on the impact that an increased presence of women can have on corporate boards, as well as a solid feminist literature on the role of quotas in political structures, there has been relatively little attention to the specific ways in which political actors have viewed the question of women on corporate boards. This article compares the ways in which quotas for women in corporate boards have been examined by the legislatures of the United Kingdom and France, with attention also to parliamentary debates in Canada and Russia. It is hypothesized that variations in political discourse help explain why conservative governments adopted such different approaches toward gender balance on corporate boards.

scholarly journals Gendered Justice: The Impact of Gender on Criminal Justice Policies and Legislation throughout the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Perussich
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Harm Prevention ◽  
The Impact

<h2>This article discusses the role of gender in the commission of crime, criminality, and harm prevention, by critically examining the notion of crime within theories about women’s and men’s criminality, and the gendered nature of crime control policies throughout the United Kingdom (UK), England, Wales, and Scotland. Throughout the literature, there has been a continued focus on women needing to be ‘repaired’ when they commit crime, because women are seen as having gone outside the traditional role of what it means to be female. On the other hand, the link between hegemonic masculinity and criminal behaviour among men is often ignored within criminal justice policies. It will be argued that both women and men are failed by a system that does not engage with gendered power and harms within society. A combination of targeted approaches that focus on the factors that lead to offending is required to reduce crime. </h2>

Timing is everything: The role of contextual and terrorism-specific factors in the sentencing outcomes of terrorist offenders

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Amirault ◽  
Martin Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Temporal Effect ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sentencing Outcomes

The punishment of terrorist offenders remains a relatively unexplored topic. Research is especially needed in the United Kingdom in light of the continued criminalization of terrorism-specific offences and the July 2005 bombings. Using a sample of terrorist offenders convicted in the United Kingdom ( n = 156), the current study examines the impact of legislative and incident-based contextual factors on sentencing outcomes. The findings indicate that changing contextual environments significantly affect sentencing outcomes, and that the effects of being adjudicated at different time points have unique implications for offenders motivated by an Islamic extremist ideology. Further, evidence of a temporal effect is uncovered, and the potential of a lingering 9/11 effect is addressed.

scholarly journals Being a Former Carer: Impacts on Health and Well-Being

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline H. Watts ◽  
Joyce Cavaye
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Need For Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

In the United Kingdom, policy has formalized the role of carers through the introduction of new rights and entitlements to support. However, this support is directed only at current carers with the needs of former carers being unacknowledged. Yet, when caregiving comes to an end, the transition to a life as a “former” carer can be challenging. This article reports findings from a small-scale qualitative study about the experiences of former carers conducted in the United Kingdom. Findings highlight the impact of caregiving on the health and well-being of former carers with feelings of loss and distress associated with the end of caregiving. The need for support in the post-caregiving phase emerges as a significant issue with former carers feeling abandoned, lacking purpose and motivation to move forward in their lives. Findings suggest that the needs of former carers are not being met.

scholarly journals From Catchment Areas to Parental Choice: Education Policy Reforms and Their Effects on School Segregation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Ramos Lobato
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Parental Choice ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Admission System

Parents’ selective school choices play a key role in exacerbating school segregation across the globe. As a result, numerous studies have investigated parents’ choice practices, while less attention has been paid to the role of the institutional context itself. Taking the introduction of free primary school choice in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, as an example, in this article, I seek to provide insights into the motivations behind the policy reform and its subsequent effects. The article illustrates how the new admission system changes not only the roles, motivations, and strategies of parents, but also those of primary schools. Consequently, the abolition of primary school catchment areas led neither to more equality in choice nor to a responsible competition between primary schools. Instead, it reinforces social divisions and symbolic differences between primary schools.

scholarly journals Gendered Justice: The Impact of Gender on Criminal Justice Policies and Legislation throughout the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Perussich
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Harm Prevention ◽  
The Impact

<h2>This article discusses the role of gender in the commission of crime, criminality, and harm prevention, by critically examining the notion of crime within theories about women’s and men’s criminality, and the gendered nature of crime control policies throughout the United Kingdom (UK), England, Wales, and Scotland. Throughout the literature, there has been a continued focus on women needing to be ‘repaired’ when they commit crime, because women are seen as having gone outside the traditional role of what it means to be female. On the other hand, the link between hegemonic masculinity and criminal behaviour among men is often ignored within criminal justice policies. It will be argued that both women and men are failed by a system that does not engage with gendered power and harms within society. A combination of targeted approaches that focus on the factors that lead to offending is required to reduce crime. </h2>

Ireland and the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
pp. 647-664
Author(s):  
Gladys Ganiel ◽  
Martin Steven
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
Democratic Movement ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the role of religion in Ireland and the United Kingdom in four stages, focusing on how divisions between Protestantism and Catholicism have contributed to political tensions and, at times, violence: (a) from the colonization of Ireland by Britain until the end of the Irish Civil War in 1923, when religion was used both to justify colonialism and to oppose it; (b) state-building in the early twentieth century, when religion impacted politics and society in ways that diverged from the wider European Christian democratic movement; (c) a period of secularization in the late twentieth century; and (d) a period of religious change, but at the same time persistence, in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. It concludes by examining the impact of religion on the 2016 Brexit referendum vote, arguing that Brexit has destabilized political and religious relationships between the islands, with particular reference to Northern Ireland and Scotland.

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