On the Regulatory Choice of Refunding Rules to Reconcile the ‘Polluter Pays Principle’ and Pigovian Taxation: An Application

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Kampas ◽  
Laurent Franckx
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Polluter Pays Principle ◽  
Definition Of

The ‘polluter pays principle’ (PPP) is one of the four principles that govern the European Union's environmental policy. Although PPP justifies Pigovian taxation as a legitimate policy means to internalise externalities, there is a potential contradiction between PPP and Pigovian taxation depending upon the definition of pollution control costs. We summarise this debate and focus on the lump-sum refunding of tax revenues in order to reconcile the PPP and Pigovian taxation. We propose equity as the guiding principle to select among various refunding schemes, and empirically examine a specific application.

15. Water Pollution

2019 ◽  
pp. 464-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Fisher ◽  
Bettina Lange ◽  
Eloise Scotford
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
Control Regime ◽  
Integrated Pollution Control

This chapter critically examines English, as well as selected European Union, laws that regulate the interlinked environmental challenges of protecting the quality and quantity of water courses. It deals with legal rules seeking to prevent and limit the pollution of rivers and other inland surface waters, such as lakes, as well as coastal areas and groundwater. One of the key challenges for water pollution law is to evolve into a more holistic, coherent, and integrated pollution control regime. In discussing this challenge, the chapter refers to and critiques recent interesting attempts to develop environmental policy discourses of bioregionalism and ecofederalism, that is, attempts to map regulatory space onto ‘natural’ spaces.

scholarly journals The Labyrinth and the Non-Solution: Murakami’s A Wild Sheep Chase and the Metaphysical Detective

MANUSYA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
Rhys William Tyers
Keyword(s):  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Search For Meaning ◽  
Detective Novel ◽  
Raymond Chandler ◽  
Detective Story ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Wild Sheep ◽  
Detective Stories ◽  
Definition Of

Many of Murakami’s novels demonstrate his appropriation of the terminology, imagery and metaphor that are found in hardboiled detective fiction. The question of Haruki Murakami’s use of the tropes from hardboiled detective stories has been discussed by scholars such as Hantke (2007), Stretcher (2002) and Suter (2008), who argue that the writer uses these features as a way to organize his narratives and to pay homage to one of his literary heroes, Raymond Chandler. However, these arguments have not adequately addressed the fact that many of Murakami’s novels fit into the definition of the metaphysical detective story, which is “a text that parodies or subverts traditional detective-story conventions” (Merivale & Sweeney 1999:2). Using this definition as a guiding principle, this paper addresses the issue of the metaphysical detective features apparent in Murakami’s third novel, A Wild Sheep Chase, and, more specifically, looks at his use of the non-solution and labyrinth as narrative devices. The main argument, then, is that Murakami’s A Wild Sheep Chase fits in with the metaphysical detective novel and uses the familiar tropes of the labyrinth and the non-solution to highlight our impossible search for meaning.

A Discussion on recent research in air pollution - The application of air pollution research to power station design

1969 ◽  
Vol 265 (1161) ◽  
pp. 269-272
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Definition Of

The aim of this contribution to the Meeting is to describe how the results of research work have been applied to the design of power stations in Britain. Before doing so, however, it is perhaps worth while giving an outline of the fundamental principles involved in the selection of air pollution control measures as they are seen by the engineers who must make practical decisions on plant design, and in this way define the specific objectives for the research work being undertaken. First, it must be appreciated that unless one accepts an exceedingly narrow definition of what constitutes air pollution, then clean air must be regarded as a matter of degree and not of kind. All sorts of naturally occurring gases and particulates pollute the atmosphere, even in places remote from mankind’s industrial and domestic activities. Volcanic dust and ashes, sulphur dioxide and other gases of geophysical origin, wind-blown dust, residues of sea-spray, pollen, spores, ozone, ammonia and many other substances exist quite naturally in the air we breathe. What constitutes an air pollution problem is the occurrence of pollutants in unduly high concentrations in a particular place or at a particular time. As a corollary of this, the aim of air pollution control measures is to prevent such high concentrations from occurring. This principle is fundamental to the whole concept of air pollution control, since once it is accepted then practical control measures need not necessarily be restricted to the prevention of the emission of pollutants, but can include also the manner of emission, in so far as this can influence subsequent concentrations of pollutants in the atmosphere

A differential game of international pollution control with evolving environmental costs

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 680-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Masoudi ◽  
Georges Zaccour
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Differential Game ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Environmental Externalities ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Cooperative Solutions ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractWe consider a two-player differential game of international emissions to represent the interactions between two groups of countries, namely, developed and developing countries. We adopt a broader-than-usual definition of environmental cost for developing countries to account for their evolving involvement in tackling environmental externalities. Cooperative and non-cooperative solutions are characterized and contrasted. We find that it may not be the best course of action to push developing countries to reduce their emissions in the short term, and that cooperation may not create enough dividend, also in the short term, to be implementable.

The Conceptual Repertoire of Environmental Policy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Meadowcroft ◽  
Daniel J. Fiorino
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Or Management ◽  
Policy Domain ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
Polluter Pays Principle ◽  
Environmental Concepts

This chapter examines the evolution of concepts used in the environmental policy domain since the emergence of modern environmental governance. It includes a general discussion of environmental concepts including root terms which have generated 'families' of environment-related concepts: 'environment', 'sustainable', 'eco' or 'ecological' and 'green'. This is followed by a discussion of different types of concepts and an examination of concepts that play a particularly important role in structuring the policy realm. Examples here include meso-level analytic or management concepts such as the 'polluter pays principle', 'the precautionary principle', 'ecosystem services', resilience' , 'environmental security', and so on. Finally, the chapter explores the temporal evolution of the conceptual field tracing the evolution of the categories used to think about the environmental domain.

Planning guidelines and legislation

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
D. C. Hardwick
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Action ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Dual Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Legislative Control ◽  
Polluter Pays Principle ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Town

AbstractIn the United Kingdom, environmental protection is based on a dual approach. Guidelines and voluntary action have generally proved effective but, increasingly, Community of Europe directives as well as public pressure are resulting in legislation.Water pollution is largely regulated by Part II of the Control of Pollution Act 1974 and odour by the Public Heath Act 1936 and subsequent subsidiary legislation. Planning is controlled under the Town and Country Planning Acts and dependent General Development Orders. The Order relevant to agriculture is being amended to bring in a greater measure of planning requirement where piggeries are near human housing. Alongside these laws, the Ministry has produced a Code of Good Agricultural Practice and Guidelines on Housed Livestock to establish appropriate standards.Other countries are also developing their legislative control, most notably Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark. It is notable that, although the ‘polluter pays principle’ is often referred to, all countries have found practical problems in any simple-minded attempt to apply the principle to the effects of animal farming.The paper reviews these areas in detail and suggests that research is needed on the effects of small quantities of straw on slurry systems and to produce a definition of the minimum of straw needed for welfare purposes. Other research which is already in hand is also mentioned.

scholarly journals U.S. CARBON TAX SCENARIOS AND BIOENERGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 1840010 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONALD D. SANDS
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Welfare Costs ◽  
Revenue Recycling ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Labor Tax ◽  
Capital Tax ◽  
Emf Model ◽  
And Storage

This paper documents application of the Future Agricultural Resources Model (FARM) to stylized carbon tax scenarios specified by the Stanford Energy Modeling Forum (EMF). Model results show that the method of tax revenue recycling makes a difference. Either labor-tax, or capital-tax, recycling can reduce the welfare cost of a carbon tax policy relative to lump sum recycling. Of the two tax recycling options, reducing capital taxes provides the greater reduction in welfare costs. However, carbon tax revenues decline with stringent carbon dioxide (CO2) emission targets and the availability of a negative-emissions technology such as bio-electricity with CO2 capture and storage (BECCS). As BECCS expands, net carbon tax revenues peak and decline due to an offsetting subsidy for carbon sequestration, limiting the potential for labor- or capital-tax recycling to reduce welfare costs of a climate policy.

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