Low-Level and High-Level Processes in the Perceptual Organization of Three-Dimensional Apparent Motion

Perception ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Gerbino
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Perceptual Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level

Urban network of China from the perspective of population mobility: Three-dimensional co-occurrence of nodes and links

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2199781
Author(s):  
Xinyue Luo ◽  
Mingxing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
External Connections

The nodes and links in urban networks are usually presented in a two-dimensional(2D) view. The co-occurrence of nodes and links can also be realized from a three-dimensional(3D) perspective to make the characteristics of urban network more intuitively revealed. Our result shows that the external connections of high-level cities are mainly affected by the level of cities(nodes) and less affected by geographical distance, while medium-level cities are affected by the interaction of the level of cities(nodes) and geographical distance. The external connections of low-level cities are greatly restricted by geographical distance.

EM3DANI: A Julia package for fully anisotropic 3D forward modeling of electromagnetic data

Geophysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Ronghua Peng ◽  
Bo Han ◽  
Yajun Liu ◽  
Xiangyun Hu
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anisotropic Media ◽  
Forward Modeling ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Numerical Computing ◽  
Computationally Intensive ◽  
High Level

Forward modeling is vital for three-dimensional (3D) inversion and interpretation of electromagnetic (EM) data in anisotropic media, which is one of the major challenges in the field of EM geophysics. However, there are few freely available 3D codes that are capable of modeling EM responses in fully anisotropic media. Besides, most of the existing 3D EM codes are written in low-level languages such as C and Fortran, making them difficult to read, maintain and extend. Taking advantage of recent progress in computer technology and numerical methods, we have developed an open-source package for forward modeling of frequency-domain EM fields in a fully 3D anisotropic earth (EM3DANI) using the Julia language, a relatively young, high-level programming language with a focus on high performance. Based on a mimetic finite-volume (MFV) discretization of the governing equations, the modeling algorithm is expressed in an abstract form in terms of matrices/vectors and thus can be easily implemented by using any high-level language commonly-used for numerical computing. Existing libraries written in low-level languages can be easily integrated into a Julia code without the so-called two-language problem, thus we have exploited several mature third-party packages to deal with computationally intensive parts of the forward modeling, which guarantees high stability and efficiency. We have elaborated the structure of the package, paying special attention to code usability, readability and extendability, while striving to retain versatility and high performance. The effectiveness of the code is demonstrated through two 1D synthetic examples for magnetotellurics (MT) and controlled-source electromagnetics (CSEM) problems, respectively. High accuracy and efficiency can be achieved for both 1D examples. We further present a 3D example mimicking marine CSEM survey scenario for hydrocarbon exploration. The simulation results indicate that the effect of the anisotropy on forward responses is significant, and can be comparable to that of the target reservoir.

Low-level and high-level processes in apparent motion

1980 ◽  
Vol 290 (1038) ◽  
pp. 137-151 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Interpretive Process

When a group of dots within a random-dot array is discontinuously displaced, it appears as a moving region perceptually segregated from its stationary surround. The spatial, temporal and other constraints governing this effect are markedly different from those classically found for the apparent motion of isolated stimulus elements. The random-dot display appears to tap a low-level motion-detecting process, distinct from the more interpretive process elicited by the classical displays. The distinct contributions of these processes can be identified in ‘multi-stable’ displays which yield alternative percepts of apparent motion depending on which one or both of the processes is activated. Such experiments illustrate the interaction of relatively stimulus-constrained and relatively autonomous processes in visual perception.

scholarly journals Optimization of the Assimilation of Radar Data at the Convective Scale Using Specific Background Error Covariances in Precipitation

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (11) ◽  
pp. 3495-3506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaut Montmerle
Keyword(s):  
Forecast Error ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Background Error ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Convective Scale ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study focuses on the impact of using specific background error covariances in precipitating areas in the Application of Research to Operations at Mesoscale (AROME-France) numerical weather prediction (NWP) system that considers reflectivities and radial velocities in its assimilation system. Such error covariances are deduced from the application of geographical masks on forecast differences generated from an ensemble assimilation of various precipitating cases. The retrieved forecast error covariances are then applied in an incremental three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3D-Var) specifically in rainy areas, in addition to the operational climatological background error covariances that are used elsewhere. Such heterogeneous formulation gives better balanced and more realistic analysis increments, as retrieved from the assimilation of radar data. For instance, midlevel humidification allows for the reinforcement of the low-level cooling and convergence, the warming in clouds, and high-level divergence. Smaller forecast error horizontal lengths explain the smaller-scale structures of the increments and render possible the increase of data densities in rainy areas. Larger error variances for the dynamical variables give more weight to wind observations such as radial winds. A reduction of the spinup is also shown and is positively correlated to the size of the area where rainy forecast error covariances are applied. Positive forecast scores on cumulated rain and on low-level temperature and humidity are finally displayed.

Guided surgery with 3D printed device: a case report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Carvalho de Sales ◽  
Rafael Maluza Flores ◽  
Julianny da Silva Guimaraes ◽  
Gustavo Vargas da Silva Salomao ◽  
Tamara Kerber Tedesco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Virtual Planning ◽  
Surgical Guide ◽  
Surgical Guides ◽  
High Level

Dental surgeons need in-depth knowledge of the bone tissue status and gingival morphology of atrophic maxillae. The aim of this study is to describe preoperative virtual planning of placement of five implants and to compare the plan with the actual surgical results. Three-dimensional planning of rehabilitation using software programs enables surgical guides to be specially designed for the implant site and manufactured using 3D printing. A patient with five teeth missing was selected for this study. The patient’s maxillary region was scanned with CBCT and a cast model was produced. After virtual planning using ImplantViewer, five implants were placed using a printed surgical guide. Two weeks after the surgical procedure, the patient underwent another CBCT scan of the maxilla. Statistically significant differences were detected between the virtually planned positions and the actual positions of the implants, with a mean deviation of 0.36 mm in the cervical region and 0.7 mm in the apical region. The surgical technique used enables more accurate procedures when compared to the conventional technique. Implants can be better positioned, with a high level of predictability, reducing both operating time and patient discomfort.

Teknik Data Mining Dalam Clustering Produksi Susu Segar Di Indonesia Dengan Algoritma K-Means

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Ilham Safitra Damanik ◽  
Sundari Retno Andani ◽  
Dedi Sehendro
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Cluster

Milk is an important intake to meet nutritional needs. Both consumed by children, and adults. Indonesia has many producers of fresh milk, but it is not sufficient for national milk needs. Data mining is a science in the field of computers that is widely used in research. one of the data mining techniques is Clustering. Clustering is a method by grouping data. The Clustering method will be more optimal if you use a lot of data. Data to be used are provincial data in Indonesia from 2000 to 2017 obtained from the Central Statistics Agency. The results of this study are in Clusters based on 2 milk-producing groups, namely high-dairy producers and low-milk producing regions. From 27 data on fresh milk production in Indonesia, two high-level provinces can be obtained, namely: West Java and East Java. And 25 others were added in 7 provinces which did not follow the calculation of the K-Means Clustering Algorithm, including in the low level cluster.

Determinants of Abuse of the Bodies of the Dead

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Margarita Khomyakova
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Dead ◽  
High Level

The author analyzes definitions of the concepts of determinants of crime given by various scientists and offers her definition. In this study, determinants of crime are understood as a set of its causes, the circumstances that contribute committing them, as well as the dynamics of crime. It is noted that the Russian legislator in Article 244 of the Criminal Code defines the object of this criminal assault as public morality. Despite the use of evaluative concepts both in the disposition of this norm and in determining the specific object of a given crime, the position of criminologists is unequivocal: crimes of this kind are immoral and are in irreconcilable conflict with generally accepted moral and legal norms. In the paper, some views are considered with regard to making value judgments which could hardly apply to legal norms. According to the author, the reasons for abuse of the bodies of the dead include economic problems of the subject of a crime, a low level of culture and legal awareness; this list is not exhaustive. The main circumstances that contribute committing abuse of the bodies of the dead and their burial places are the following: low income and unemployment, low level of criminological prevention, poor maintenance and protection of medical institutions and cemeteries due to underperformance of state and municipal bodies. The list of circumstances is also open-ended. Due to some factors, including a high level of latency, it is not possible to reflect the dynamics of such crimes objectively. At the same time, identification of the determinants of abuse of the bodies of the dead will reduce the number of such crimes.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Marketers Project Their Personal Preferences onto Consumers: Overcoming the Threat of Egocentric Decision Making

2021 ◽  
pp. 002224372199837
Author(s):  
Walter Herzog ◽  
Johannes D. Hattula ◽  
Darren W. Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Marketing Managers ◽  
False Consensus Effect ◽  
False Consensus ◽  
High Level

This research explores how marketing managers can avoid the so-called false consensus effect—the egocentric tendency to project personal preferences onto consumers. Two pilot studies were conducted to provide evidence for the managerial importance of this research question and to explore how marketing managers attempt to avoid false consensus effects in practice. The results suggest that the debiasing tactic most frequently used by marketers is to suppress their personal preferences when predicting consumer preferences. Four subsequent studies show that, ironically, this debiasing tactic can backfire and increase managers’ susceptibility to the false consensus effect. Specifically, the results suggest that these backfire effects are most likely to occur for managers with a low level of preference certainty. In contrast, the results imply that preference suppression does not backfire but instead decreases false consensus effects for managers with a high level of preference certainty. Finally, the studies explore the mechanism behind these results and show how managers can ultimately avoid false consensus effects—regardless of their level of preference certainty and without risking backfire effects.

Exploring The Effect of Visual Information Degradation on Human Perception and Performance In A Human-Telerobot System

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1302-1307
Author(s):  
Richard Stone ◽  
Minglu Wang ◽  
Thomas Schnieders ◽  
Esraa Abdelall
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Hit Rate ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

Human-robotic interaction system are increasingly becoming integrated into industrial, commercial and emergency service agencies. It is critical that human operators understand and trust automation when these systems support and even make important decisions. The following study focused on human-in-loop telerobotic system performing a reconnaissance operation. Twenty-four subjects were divided into groups based on level of automation (Low-Level Automation (LLA), and High-Level Automation (HLA)). Results indicated a significant difference between low and high word level of control in hit rate when permanent error occurred. In the LLA group, the type of error had a significant effect on the hit rate. In general, the high level of automation was better than the low level of automation, especially if it was more reliable, suggesting that subjects in the HLA group could rely on the automatic implementation to perform the task more effectively and more accurately.

scholarly journals The high-level benefits of low-level sandboxing

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (POPL) ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sammler ◽  
Deepak Garg ◽  
Derek Dreyer ◽  
Tadeusz Litak
Keyword(s):  
Low Level ◽  
High Level
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