scholarly journals Decay and Interference Effects in Visuospatial Short-Term Memory

Perception ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham J Hole
Keyword(s):  
Interstimulus Interval ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
The Third ◽  
Spatial Interval ◽  
Method Of Constant Stimuli

The method of constant stimuli was used to examine the accuracy with which two-dimensional spatial information can be represented in mental images. In experiment 1, subjects had to decide which of two successively presented two-dot separations was wider. Over the range of interstimulus intervals employed (0 to 30 s), there was a linear relationship between interstimulus interval and spatial interval thresholds. In experiment 2 subjects' abilities to represent accurately more than one spatial interval at a time was investigated. Three dot pairs were presented, but only two pairs were to be compared, the third being completely irrelevant to the task. This manipulation doubled thresholds (relative to a two-dot-pair control condition), whether or not subjects were obliged to attend to the irrelevant dots. Overall, the results suggest that mental representations of spatial information may be temporally durable, but only in the absence of extraneous stimuli. The latter not only disrupt memory for spatial information, but appear to have obligatory access to it.

The ring dove's short-term memory capacity for spatial information

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Wilkie ◽  
Marcia L. Spetch ◽  
Lincoln Chew
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Interference effects in schizophrenic short-term memory.

1976 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Bauman ◽  
Eugene Kolisnyk
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals Word learning, phonological short-term memory, phonotactic probability and long-term memory: towards an integrated framework

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1536) ◽  
pp. 3755-3771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prahlad Gupta ◽  
Jamie Tisdale
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Word Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Phonotactic Probability ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Relationship

Word learning is studied in a multitude of ways, and it is often not clear what the relationship is between different phenomena. In this article, we begin by outlining a very simple functional framework that despite its simplicity can serve as a useful organizing scheme for thinking about various types of studies of word learning. We then review a number of themes that in recent years have emerged as important topics in the study of word learning, and relate them to the functional framework, noting nevertheless that these topics have tended to be somewhat separate areas of study. In the third part of the article, we describe a recent computational model and discuss how it offers a framework that can integrate and relate these various topics in word learning to each other. We conclude that issues that have typically been studied as separate topics can perhaps more fruitfully be thought of as closely integrated, with the present framework offering several suggestions about the nature of such integration.

Improvement of Visual Short-Term Memory Characteristics in Monkeys: Effect of an Antioxidant

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 115-115
Author(s):  
I V Chueva ◽  
K N Dudkin
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Motor Reaction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Systemic Injection ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Motor Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory

Visual short-term memory was tested in a delayed-discrimination task on rhesus monkeys before and after a systemic injection of the antioxidant oxymetacil (4 – 7 mg kg−1). Monkeys had to discriminate stimuli with different visual attributes (colour, orientation, spatial frequency, size, contrast, spatial relationships between visual objects) by a delayed (0 – 32 s) instrumental reflex. Oxymetacil had no influence upon visual discrimination without delay, but after injection of this drug the delayed discrimination (associated with mechanisms of short-term memory) of different stimuli was significantly improved. Oxymetacil increased the duration of short-term storage of spatial information by a factor of 2 – 4 and decreased motor reaction time. Application of oxymetacil in the same doses produced similar results for delayed discrimination of black-and-white gratings, or geometrical figures of different orientations and size. The duration of short-term information storage was doubled or trebled and the motor reaction time was decreased. If monkeys were required to discriminate colour figures, the duration of short-term information storage was also doubled, being longer than for any of the other tasks. The results are discussed in terms of effects on cortical interregional synchronisation mechanisms responsible for control processes such as attention.

Short-term memory for item, temporal, and spatial information in young and elderly

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Till ◽  
Alice F. Healy ◽  
Thomas F. Cunningham ◽  
Lyle E. Bourne
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Deficits in Verbal Long-Term Memory and Learning in Children with Poor Phonological Short-Term Memory Skills

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Gathercole ◽  
Josie Briscoe ◽  
Annabel Thorn ◽  
Claire Tiffany ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Verbal Material ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Memory And Learning ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Group

Possible links between phonological short-term memory and both longer term memory and learning in 8-year-old children were investigated in this study. Performance on a range of tests of long-term memory and learning was compared for a group of 16 children with poor phonological short-term memory skills and a comparison group of children of the same age with matched nonverbal reasoning abilities but memory scores in the average range. The low-phonological-memory group were impaired on longer term memory and learning tasks that taxed memory for arbitrary verbal material such as names and nonwords. However, the two groups performed at comparable levels on tasks requiring the retention of visuo-spatial information and of meaningful material and at carrying out prospective memory tasks in which the children were asked to carry out actions at a future point in time. The results are consistent with the view that poor short-term memory function impairs the longer term retention and ease of learning of novel verbal material.

Short-term Retention of Tactile Stimulation

1972 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith V. Sullivan ◽  
M. T. Turvey
Keyword(s):  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Arithmetic Task ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Rest Condition

In three experiments subjects were required to reproduce after varying delays the locus of a tactile stimulation delivered to the upper-side of the arm. During the retention periods subjects either performed a subsidiary, arithmetic task or rested. Recall, as measured by accuracy in reproducing the locus of stimulation, decreased as a function of retention interval, asymptoting after approximately 5 s. Performance was poorer in the subsidiary task condition than in the rest condition; however, the effect of the subsidiary task appeared to be more on subject recall strategies than on rehearsal capacity. No evidence of proactive interference effects was found, and a decay interpretation of forgetting of discrete tactile stimuli in the short-term memory distractor paradigm was favoured.

scholarly journals Lane Position Detection Based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3115
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Qian Lei ◽  
Dengye Shen ◽  
Ping Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Position Detection ◽  
Long Short Term Memory

Accurate detection of lane lines is of great significance for improving vehicle driving safety. In our previous research, by improving the horizontal and vertical density of the detection grid in the YOLO v3 (You Only Look Once, the 3th version) model, the obtained lane line (LL) algorithm, YOLO v3 (S × 2S), has high accuracy. However, like the traditional LL detection algorithms, they do not use spatial information and have low detection accuracy under occlusion, deformation, worn, poor lighting, and other non-ideal environmental conditions. After studying the spatial information between LLs and learning the distribution law of LLs, an LL prediction model based on long short-term memory (LSTM) and recursive neural network (RcNN) was established; the method can predict the future LL position by using historical LL position information. Moreover, by combining the LL information predicted with YOLO v3 (S × 2S) detection results using Dempster Shafer (D-S) evidence theory, the LL detection accuracy can be improved effectively, and the uncertainty of this system be reduced correspondingly. The results show that the accuracy of LL detection can be significantly improved in rainy, snowy weather, and obstacle scenes.

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