Human Cortical-Evoked Fields during Detection, Localisation, and Identification of ‘Pop-out’ Targets

Perception ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Saarinen ◽  
Simo Vanni ◽  
Riitta Hari
Keyword(s):  
Target Identification ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Search Display ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Passive Viewing ◽  
The Right

We investigated human cortical activity during four ‘effortless-pop-out’ visual search tasks with the use of magnetoencephalography. The search display, which was identical across all the tasks, consisted of vertical line segments, one of which was rotated abruptly 45° clockwise or counterclockwise. In the passive-viewing task the observers gave no response to the search display. In the target-detection task they responded to the onset of the target motion irrespective of its location and direction. In the target-localisation task the observers reported whether the line rotation appeared above or below the fixation point while ignoring the direction of the rotation. In contrast, in the target-identification task they indicated the direction of the line rotation, and the location of the rotation in the array was irrelevant. Cortical activity was recorded with a whole-scalp magnetometer while the observers were performing each task. In addition to the expected activation of the occipital and somatomotor cortical regions, two other active cortical areas were consistently identified in both hemispheres: one in the occipito-temporal area, probably corresponding to the motion-specific V5 complex, and another in the parieto-temporal region. The activation of the right occipito-temporal source depended on the task. The maximum amplitude was smallest for the passive viewing, increased for the detection task, and was largest for the localisation and identification.

scholarly journals Sound symbolism processing is lateralized to the right temporal region in the prelinguistic infant brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiale Yang ◽  
Michiko Asano ◽  
So Kanazawa ◽  
Masami K. Yamaguchi ◽  
Mutsumi Imai
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Superior Temporal Sulcus ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Round Shape ◽  
Infant Brain ◽  
The Right ◽  
Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus

Abstract Sound symbolism, which is the systematic and non-arbitrary link between a word and its meaning, has been suggested to bootstrap language acquisition in infants. However, it is unclear how sound symbolism is processed in the infants’ brain. To address this issue, we investigated the cortical response in 11-month-old infants in relation to sound-symbolic correspondences using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Two types of stimuli were presented: a novel visual stimulus (e.g., a round shape) followed by a novel auditory stimulus that either sound-symbolically matched (moma) or mismatched (kipi) the shape. We found a significant hemodynamic increase in the right temporal area, when the sound and the referent sound were symbolically matched, but this effect was limited to the moma stimulus. The anatomical locus corresponds to the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (rSTS), which is thought to process sound symbolism in adults. These findings suggest that prelinguistic infants have the biological basis to detect cross-modal correspondences between word sounds and visual referents.

scholarly journals Soft-tissue osteoma of the temple

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 276-279
Author(s):  
Si-Gyun Roh ◽  
Yun-Seob Kim ◽  
Jong-Lim Kim ◽  
Jin-Yong Shin ◽  
Nae-Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Excisional Biopsy ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Tomography Scan

A 65-year-old woman presented with a solid mass on the right temporal area. The mass had grown for over 2 years without any initiating event of trauma or inflammation. Before excision, the patient went through a computed tomography scan, revealing a calcified mass without bony connection. Under general anesthesia, an excisional biopsy was performed. Microscopic examination confirmed a diagnosis of soft tissue osteoma. Soft tissue osteoma is rare, especially in the head and neck region. Osteomas in the temporal region have not been reported yet. Due to its rarity, osteoma might be misdiagnosed as another soft tissue or bone origin tumor. Its treatment of choice is simple excision. In this review, we present an unusual clinical form of soft tissue osteoma.

scholarly journals Causal modulation of right hemisphere fronto-parietal phase synchrony with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation during a conscious visual detection task

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Stengel ◽  
Marine Vernet ◽  
Julià L. Amengual ◽  
Antoni Valero-Cabré
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Visual Detection ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Beta

AbstractCorrelational evidence in non-human primates has reported increases of fronto-parietal high-beta (22–30 Hz) synchrony during the top-down allocation of visuo-spatial attention. But may inter-regional synchronization at this specific frequency band provide a causal mechanism by which top-down attentional processes facilitate conscious visual perception? To address this question, we analyzed electroencephalographic (EEG) signals from a group of healthy participants who performed a conscious visual detection task while we delivered brief (4 pulses) rhythmic (30 Hz) or random bursts of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to the right Frontal Eye Field (FEF) prior to the onset of a lateralized target. We report increases of inter-regional synchronization in the high-beta band (25–35 Hz) between the electrode closest to the stimulated region (the right FEF) and right parietal EEG leads, and increases of local inter-trial coherence within the same frequency band over bilateral parietal EEG contacts, both driven by rhythmic but not random TMS patterns. Such increases were accompained by improvements of conscious visual sensitivity for left visual targets in the rhythmic but not the random TMS condition. These outcomes suggest that high-beta inter-regional synchrony can be modulated non-invasively and that high-beta oscillatory activity across the right dorsal fronto-parietal network may contribute to the facilitation of conscious visual perception. Our work supports future applications of non-invasive brain stimulation to restore impaired visually-guided behaviors by operating on top-down attentional modulatory mechanisms.

Regional cerebral blood flow patterns of change following the own body image exposure in eating disorders: A longitudinal study

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Rodriguez-Cano ◽  
Luis Beato-Fernandez ◽  
Inmaculada Garcia-Vilches ◽  
Ana Garcia-Vicente ◽  
Victor Poblete-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
The Right

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study is to see if the changes in the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) experienced by restrictive anorexia nervosa (AR) and bulimia nervosa (BN) patients, following the exposure to their own body image, persist at follow-up.MethodsThree single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were performed on nine patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of AR, 13 with BP, and 12 controls: at rest, following a neutral stimulus, and after exposure to their previously filmed whole body image. Body dissatisfaction was measured by means of the Body Dissatisfaction Questionnaire (BSQ). One year later the same assessment was repeated.ResultsFollowing the exposure to their own body image, BN showed an increase in body dissatisfaction, which was associated with the increase in the rCBF of the Right Temporal Area. Those changes persisted at follow-up.DiscussionMore specific long term therapies are needed for the treatment of the averse response showed by ED patients to their own body image exposure that is associated with the hyperactivation of the right temporal area when they are confronted with their whole body image.

An experimental study of strongly nonlinear waves in a rotating system

1987 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 381-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique P. Renouard ◽  
Gabriel Chabert D'Hières ◽  
Xuizhang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Shape ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Rotating Platform ◽  
Coriolis Parameter ◽  
Rotating System ◽  
Height Variation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Strongly Nonlinear ◽  
The Right

The influence of rotation upon internal solitary waves is studied in a (10 m × 2 m × 0.6 m) channel located on the large rotating platform at Grenoble University. We observe an intumescence which moves along the right-hand side of the channel with respect to its direction of propagation. Along the side, once the intumescence reaches its equilibrium shape, the height variation of the interface with time is correctly described by the sech2 function, and the characteristic KdV scaling law linking the maximum amplitude and the wavelength along the side is fulfilled. The intumescence is a stable phenomenon which moves as a whole without deformation apart from the viscous damping. For identical experimental conditions, the amplitude of the intumescence along the side increases with increasing Coriolis parameter, and at a given period of rotation of the platform, the celerity along the side increases with increasing amplitude. But for identical conditions, we found that the celerity along the side is equal to the celerity that the wave would have for such conditions without rotation. The amplitude of the intumescence in a plane perpendicular to the wall decreases exponentially with increasing distance from the side, but the crest of the wave is curved backward.

Polysensory properties of neurons in the anterior bank of the caudal superior temporal sulcus of the macaque monkey

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1615-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hikosaka ◽  
E. Iwai ◽  
H. Saito ◽  
K. Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Superior Temporal Sulcus ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Directional Selectivity ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Response Properties ◽  
Visual Hemifield

1. We examined the sensory properties of cells in the anterior bank of the caudal part of the superior temporal sulcus (caudal STS) in anesthetized, paralyzed monkeys to visual, auditory, and somesthetic stimuli. 2. In the anterior bank of the caudal STS, there were three regions distinguishable from each other and also from the middle temporal area (MT) in the floor of the STS and area Tpt in the superior temporal gyrus. The three regions were located approximately in the respective inner, middle, and outer thirds of the anterior bank of the caudal STS. These three regions are referred to, from the inner to the outer, as the medial superior temporal region (MST), the mostly unresponsive region, and the caudal STS polysensory region (cSTP), respectively. 3. The extent of MST and its response properties agreed with previous studies. Cells in MST responded exclusively to visual stimuli, had large visual receptive fields (RFs), and nearly all (91%) showed directional selectivity. 4. In the mostly unresponsive region, three quarters of cells were unresponsive to any stimulus used in this study. A quarter of the cells responded to only visual stimuli and most did not show directional selectivity for moving stimuli. Several directionally selective cells responded to movements of three-dimensional objects, but not of projected stimuli. 5. The response properties of cells in the superficial cortex of the caudal superior temporal gyrus, a part of area Tpt, external to cSTP were different from those of cells in the three regions in the anterior bank of the STS. Cells in Tpt were exclusively auditory, and had much larger auditory RFs (mean = 271 degrees) than those of acoustically-driven cSTP cells (mean = 138 degrees). 6. The cSTP contained unimodal visual, auditory, and somesthetic cells as well as multimodal cells of two or all three modalities. The sensory properties of cSTP cells were as follows. 1) Out of 200 cells recorded, 102 (51%) cells were unimodal (59 visual, 33 auditory, and 10 somesthetic), 36 (18%) cells were bimodal (21 visual+auditory, 7 visual+somesthetic, and 8 auditory+somesthetic), and four (2%) cells were trimodal. Visual and auditory responses were more frequent than somesthetic responses: the ratio of the population of cells driven by visual: auditory: somesthetic stimuli was 3:2:1. 2) Visual RFs were large (mean diameter, 59 degrees), but two-thirds were limited to the contralateral visual hemifield. About half the cells showed directional selectivity for moving visual stimuli. None showed selectivity for particular visual shapes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals The Right Hemisphere Planum Temporale Supports Enhanced Visual Motion Detection Ability in Deaf People: Evidence from Cortical Thickness

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha M. Shiell ◽  
François Champoux ◽  
Robert J. Zatorre
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Motion Detection ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
Planum Temporale ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
The Right ◽  
Visual Motion Detection

After sensory loss, the deprived cortex can reorganize to process information from the remaining modalities, a phenomenon known as cross-modal reorganization. In blind people this cross-modal processing supports compensatory behavioural enhancements in the nondeprived modalities. Deaf people also show some compensatory visual enhancements, but a direct relationship between these abilities and cross-modally reorganized auditory cortex has only been established in an animal model, the congenitally deaf cat, and not in humans. Using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, we measured cortical thickness in the planum temporale, Heschl’s gyrus and sulcus, the middle temporal area MT+, and the calcarine sulcus, in early-deaf persons. We tested for a correlation between this measure and visual motion detection thresholds, a visual function where deaf people show enhancements as compared to hearing. We found that the cortical thickness of a region in the right hemisphere planum temporale, typically an auditory region, was greater in deaf individuals with better visual motion detection thresholds. This same region has previously been implicated in functional imaging studies as important for functional reorganization. The structure-behaviour correlation observed here demonstrates this area’s involvement in compensatory vision and indicates an anatomical correlate, increased cortical thickness, of cross-modal plasticity.

scholarly journals LGG-05. MOLECULAR GUIDED THERAPY FOR A PEDIATRIC LOW GRADE GLIOMA: A CASE REPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii367-iii367
Author(s):  
Jayne VonBergen ◽  
Beth Armstrong ◽  
Morgan Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Head Tilt ◽  
Study Patient ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Low Grade Gliomas ◽  
Leptomeningeal Involvement ◽  
The Right ◽  
Guided Therapy

Abstract Low grade gliomas are the most common type of central nervous system tumors among children. Despite the fact that they are not typically life threatening, low grade gliomas remain a significant clinical challenge. Case Study: Patient is a 4-year-old male who presented at 20 months of age with several weeks of ataxia, emesis, and head tilt. Imaging revealed a right temporal lobe lesion; he was subsequently taken to surgery, where a gross total resection was achieved. Imaging 9 months post resection revealed recurrent disease within the right temporal region with leptomeningeal involvement. Four months later imaging revealed progression of multifocal disease and new growth within the sella. At this time the patient started standard treatment, Carboplatin and Vincristine, per CCG 9952A. Persistent slow progression was observed despite receiving standard therapy. The patient developed a grade 3 reaction to carboplatin, worsening with each subsequent dose. At this time, he was referred to our Precision Genomics Neuro Oncology program for tumor molecular characterization. Somatic tumor testing revealed an ETV6-NTRK3 fusion, at which time standard treatment was stopped, and patient began targeted therapy, Larotrectinib. Imaging was preformed 2 months post start of targeted therapy and revealed interval decrease in size of previously enhancing nodular lesions; findings consistent with treatment response. Disease burden continues to decrease with therapy. This case illustrates a clear benefit of using molecular guided therapy in low grade gliomas.

scholarly journals Effects of Electrical Stimulation in Tinnitus Patients: Conventional Versus High-Definition tDCS

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 714-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Jacquemin ◽  
Giriraj Singh Shekhawat ◽  
Paul Van de Heyning ◽  
Griet Mertens ◽  
Erik Fransen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Tinnitus Questionnaire ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The Right

Background. Contradictory results have been reported for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as treatment for tinnitus. The recently developed high-definition tDCS (HD tDCS) uses smaller electrodes to limit the excitation to the desired brain areas. Objective. The current study consisted of a retrospective part and a prospective part, aiming to compare 2 tDCS electrode placements and to explore effects of HD tDCS by matched pairs analyses. Methods. Two groups of 39 patients received tDCS of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or tDCS of the right supraorbital–left temporal area (RSO-LTA). Therapeutic effects were assessed with the tinnitus functional index (TFI), a visual analogue scale (VAS) for tinnitus loudness, and the hyperacusis questionnaire (HQ) filled out at 3 visits: pretherapy, posttherapy, and follow-up. With a new group of patients and in a similar way, the effects of HD tDCS of the right DLPFC were assessed, with the tinnitus questionnaire (TQ) and the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) added. Results. TFI total scores improved significantly after both tDCS and HD tDCS (DLPFC: P < .01; RSO-LTA: P < .01; HD tDCS: P = .05). In 32% of the patients, we observed a clinically significant improvement in TFI. The 2 tDCS groups and the HD tDCS group showed no differences on the evolution of outcomes over time (TFI: P = .16; HQ: P = .85; VAS: P = .20). Conclusions. TDCS and HD tDCS resulted in a clinically significant improvement in TFI in 32% of the patients, with the 3 stimulation positions having similar results. Future research should focus on long-term effects of electrical stimulation.

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