The source of mineral nitrogen for cereals in south-eastern Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Angus ◽  
A. F. van Herwaarden ◽  
D. P. Heenan ◽  
R. A. Fischer ◽  
G. N. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Net Mineralisation

The relative importance of soil mineral nitrogen (N) available at the time of sowing ormineralised during the growing season was investigated for 6 crops of dryland wheat. The soil mineral N in the root-zone was sampled at sowing and maturity and the rate of net mineralisation in the top 10 cm was estimated by sequential sampling throughout the growing season, using an in situ method. Mineralisation during crop growth was modelled in relation to total soil N, ambient temperature, andsoil water content. Mineral N accumulated before sowing varied by a factor of 3 between the sites (from 67 to 195 kgN/ha), while the net mineralisation during crop growth varied by a factor of 2 (from 43 to 99 kgN/ha). The model indicated that 0·092% of total N was mineralised per day when temperature and water were not limiting, with rates decreasing for lower temperatures and soil water contents. When tested with independent data, the model predicted the mineralisation rate of soil growing continuous wheat crops but underestimated mineralisation of soil in a clover-wheat rotation. For crops yielding <3 t/ha, the supply of N was mostly from mineralisation during crop growth and the contribution from mineral N accumulated before sowing was relatively small. For crops yielding >4 t/ha, thesupply of N was mostly from N present in the soil at the time of sowing. The implication is that for crops to achieve their water-limited yield, they must be supplied with an amount of N greater than can be expected from mineralisation during the growing season, either from fertiliser or from mineral N accumulated earlier.

Soil mineral nitrogen responses following liquid hog manure application to semiarid forage lands

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Bork ◽  
B. D. Lambert ◽  
S. Banerjee ◽  
L. J. Blonski
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Mixed Grass Prairie ◽  
Hog Manure ◽  
Mixed Grass

Bork, E. W., Lambert, B. D., Banerjee, S. and Blonski, L. J. 2013. Soil mineral nitrogen responses following liquid hog manure application to semiarid forage lands. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 369–378. Expansion of intensive livestock operations into semiarid regions lacking cultivated lands requires consideration of perennial forages for the efficient and sustainable disposal of manure. Little information exists on the nutrient dynamics associated with the application of manure to these areas. We examined soil mineral nitrogen (N) responses in four sites of the mixed-grass prairie, including two native grasslands and two introduced pastures, following different seasons (fall vs. spring), methods (dribble broadcast vs. coulter injected) and rates of liquid hog manure application (9.4, 18.8, 37.5, 75 and 150 kg ha−1available N). Soil mineral N, including NO3-N, NH4-N and total mineral N, were assessed after application but prior to plant growth in April 1999, and again one growing season later in April 2000. Initial soil N did not vary with season of application. Soil mineral N predictably increased with application rate, but only in the upper soil profile (0–20 cm). Decreases in soil mineral N after one growing season in all treatments highlighted the ability of these perennial forage lands to immobilize large amounts of soil N, a significant portion of which was related to N uptake by vegetation. Compared with broadcast application, manure injection led to 35% greater soil mineral N (both NO3and NH4) prior to plant growth, a response that persisted 1 yr later (+12%), thus demonstrating the N conserved benefits of manure incorporation. Overall, increases in soil mineral N within these forage lands appeared to be relatively short-term in nature, largely depleting over the course of a single growing season, suggesting one-time liquid hog manure application at low to moderate rates may be sustainable in this region of the mixed-grass prairie.

Effects of soil nitrogen status and rate of inoculation on the establishment of populations of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and on the nodulation of soybeans

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
J Brockwell ◽  
RR Gault ◽  
LJ Morthorpe ◽  
MB Peoples ◽  
GL Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Status ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Glycine Max L

Soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merrill cv. Forrest) were grown under irrigation on a well-structured grey clay soil, previously free of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and containing relatively high levels of mineral N, at Trangie, N.S.W. There were two soil pretreatments, pre-cropped (which had the effect of reducing the level of mineral nitrogen in the soil) and pre-fallowed, and four rates of inoculation (B. japonicum CB 1809 - nil, 0.01 X, 1.OX [=normal] and 100X).Mineral nitrogen (0-10 cm) initially was higher in pre-fallowed soil than in pre-cropped soil (37.6 v. 18.5 mg N per kg). Depletion of mineral nitrogen occurred more rapidly in pre-fallowed treatments, so that, 7 days after harvest, mineral-N in pre-cropped soil was significantly higher than in pre-fallowed soil (14.4 v. 10.6 mg per kg).With high levels of soil mineral nitrogen, colonization of seedling rhizospheres by rhizobia and plant nodulation were diminished. These effects were ameliorated but not eliminated by increased rates of inoculation. The development of the symbiosis was also impeded by lower rates of inoculation (0.01 X, 1.OX).

Organic amendment effects on tuber yield, plant N uptake and soil mineral N under organic potato production

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek H. Lynch ◽  
Zhiming Zheng ◽  
Bernie J. Zebarth ◽  
Ralph C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Organic Potato ◽  
Certified Organic

AbstractThe market for certified organic potatoes in Canada is growing rapidly, but the productivity and dynamics of soil N under commercial organic potato systems remain largely unknown. This study examined, at two sites in Atlantic Canada (Winslow, PEI, and Brookside, NS), the impacts of organic amendments on Shepody potato yield, quality and soil mineral nitrogen dynamics under organic management. Treatments included a commercial hog manure–sawdust compost (CP) and pelletized poultry manure (NW) applied at 300 and 600 kg total N ha−1, plus an un-amended control (CT). Wireworm damage reduced plant stands at Brookside in 2003 and those results are not presented. Relatively high tuber yields (~30 Mg ha−1) and crop N uptake (112 kg N ha−1) were achieved for un-amended soil in those site-years (Winslow 2003 and 2004) when soil moisture was non-limiting. Compost resulted in higher total yields than CT in one of three site-years. Apparent recovery of N from CP was negligible; therefore CP yield benefits were attributed to factors other than N availability. At Winslow, NW300, but not NW600, significantly increased total and marketable yields by an average of 5.8 and 7.0 Mg ha−1. Plant available N averaged 39 and 33% for NW300 and NW600, respectively. Soil (0–30 cm) NO3−-N at harvest was low (&lt;25 kg N ha−1) for CT and CP, but increased substantially both in season and at harvest (61–141 kg N ha−1) when NW was applied. Most leaching losses of NO3−-N occur between seasons and excessive levels of residual soil NO3-N at harvest, as obtained for NW600, must be avoided. Given current premiums for certified organic potatoes, improving yields through application of amendments supplying moderate rates of N or organic matter appears warranted.

Nitrogen availability in a Darling Downs soil following cereal, oilseed and grain legume crops. 1. Soil nitrogen accumulation

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Strong ◽  
J Harbison ◽  
RGH Nielsen ◽  
BD Hall ◽  
EK Best
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral N

Available soil mineral nitrogen (N) was determined in a Darling Downs clay at intervals of 4-6 weeks throughout summer and autumn after harvest of two cereals (wheat and oats), two oilseeds (rapeseed and linseed), and four grain legumes (chickpea, fieldpea, lupin and lathyrus). Soil mineral N (0-1.2 m) at 40,68, 107, 150 and 185 days after harvest was affected (P < 0.05) by the prior crop. At 40 days it was generally higher following grain legumes (34-76 kg/ha N) than following oilseeds or cereals (16-30 kg/ha N). Net increase during the next 145 days was in the order of cereals (2 1-27 kg/ha N) < oilseeds (40 kg/ha N) <grain legumes (53-85 kg/ha N). These differences are partly accounted for by differences in the quantities of N removed in the grain of these crops. However, a large quantity of mineral N accumulated following lupin even though a large quantity (80 kg/ha) was removed in the grain.

scholarly journals Dynamics of mineral nitrogen in topsoil, during regrowth of pasture in two contrasting grassland systems

1991 ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
B.E. Ruz-Jerez ◽  
P.Roger Ball ◽  
R.E. White
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Net Mineralisation ◽  
Organic Combination ◽  
Undisturbed Soil Cores ◽  
Intensive System

Changes in soil mineral nitrogen(N) were monitored during regrowth of pasture between consecutive grazings in two contrasting grassland systems; Grass-clover (the norm in NZ) and a more intensive system, Grass+N400 (pure grass + 400 kg fertiliser N/ha/year). The experiment was carried out during autumn at DSIR Grasslands.Palmerston North. Net mineralisation of N under field conditions was estimate_d- i~n- an ancillary experiment, using soil samples from undisturbed soil cores contained in PVC tubes. The dynamics of mineral N in soil were dominated by a 'pulse' of ammonium, observable soon after grazing. Nitrification proceeded rapidly thereafter. Mineral N in soil then progressively declined, much of it going into organic combination presumably through uptake by plants. Since nitrate formation in the soil is minimised by maximising the residence time of N in plant (organic) form, differentmanagementoptions(varyinginfrequency and intensity of defoliation) may have important influences, not only on pasture utilisation and production, but also on the management of mineral N in the soil-plant-animal complex. Tubes embedded in soil and incubated in the field have provided some additional, useful perspectives. There was only limitedevidence for significant net mineralisation of organic N throughout the period of regrowth. Analyses of individual soil cores demonstrated a sharp contrast between the pasture at large and the 10 - 15% of total area influenced by urine from the previous grazing, in terms of mineral N content. 'Averaging' these by bulking numerous cores into a composite sample can provide an accurate quantitative estimate of mineral N, which can be related to herbage uptake of N over the whole area. But if losses of N (by leaching or volatilisation) are disproportionate to the concentration of mineral N in affected and unaffected volumes of soil, then bulking samples and averaging will not be the most appropriate way to estimate these losses. The results of this study point to the importance of the urine of grazing ruminants as a N substrate for pasture regrowth in the absence of fertiliser N. At the same time, urine patches provide the main avenue for Nescape to the wider environment from developed pastures. Keywords mineral N, N in pastures, N cycling by animals

scholarly journals The Effect of Meat and Bone Meal (MBM) on Crop Yields, Nitrogen Content and Uptake, and Soil Mineral Nitrogen Balance

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2307
Author(s):  
Anna Nogalska ◽  
Aleksandra Załuszniewska
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N

A long-term (six year) field experiment was conducted in Poland to evaluate the effect of meat and bone meal (MBM), applied without or with mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer, on crop yields, N content and uptake by plants, and soil mineral N balance. Five treatments were compared: MBM applied at 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 Mg ha−1, inorganic NPK, and zero-fert check. Mineral N accounted for 100% of the total N rate (158 kg ha−1) in the NPK treatment and 50%, 25%, and 0% in MBM treatments. The yield of silage maize supplied with MBM was comparable with that of plants fertilized with NPK at 74 Mg ha−1 herbage (30% DM) over two years on average. The yields of winter wheat and winter oilseed rape were highest in the NPK treatment (8.9 Mg ha−1 grain and 3.14 Mg ha−1 seeds on average). The addition of 25% and 50% of mineral N to MBM had no influence on the yields of the tested crops. The N content of plants fertilized with MBM was satisfactory (higher than in the zero-fert treatment), and considerable differences were found between years of the study within crop species. Soil mineral N content was determined by N uptake by plants rather than the proportion of mineral N in the total N rate. Nitrogen utilization by plants was highest in the NPK treatment (58%) and in the treatment where mineral N accounted for 50% of the total N rate (48%).

Response of soil mineral nitrogen to total nitrogen and land-use in a long-term study of wheat pasture rotations

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
AC Taylor ◽  
WJ Lill
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Wheat Pasture

All 6 treatments of a long-term wheat-pasture rotation experiment were soil sampled after a cultivated fallow close to sowing at Wagga Wagga. Analyses of the nitrogen (N) data show that total N (0-1 5 cm) could be used as a predictor of mineral N in the profile at sowing. Mineral N levels were expressed as a percentage of total N and reported as a mineralisation index. This index increased after a period of clover and was considerably higher for the first crop after pasture than for subsequent crops. The mineralisation index also increased as the pasture intensity (years pasture/total years) increased from 0.33 to 0.67. Total N alone accounted for no more than 20% of the variation in mineral N at sowing. The variance accounted for increased to 49.9 and 53.7% respectively when pasture frequency and crop number after pasture were included in the models.

scholarly journals Influence of root zone nitrogen management and a summer catch crop on cucumber yield and soil mineral nitrogen dynamics in intensive production systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 313 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiying Guo ◽  
Xiaolin Li ◽  
Peter Christie ◽  
Qing Chen ◽  
Rongfeng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Catch Crop ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Summer Catch Crop ◽  
Cucumber Yield

The Nitrogen Dynamics of Multi-species Grasslands when Subject to Drought and Re-wetting.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saoirse Cummins ◽  
John Finn ◽  
Gary Lanigan ◽  
Karl Richards ◽  
Tom Misselbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Legacy Effect ◽  
Birch Effect

&lt;p&gt;It is predicted that climate change will result in more extreme and frequent weather events including flooding and drought. Nitrous oxide (N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) is a potent greenhouse gas having 298 times the global warming potential of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. The &amp;#8216;Birch effect&amp;#8217;, the term given to high &amp;#160;N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes following the drying and re-wetting of soils, is an accelerator of this process. Multi species grasslands have been shown have higher nitrogen use efficiency and potential for drought resilience and recovery. This experiment analysed the nitrogen dynamics of multi-species grasslands by means of quantifying the responses of soil mineral nitrogen (NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-) &lt;/sup&gt;and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes during an eight week simulated drought, re-wetting and fertiliser application two weeks after the re-wetting event. A simplex experimental design was used to determine species and functional group effects which could potentially influence responses. The hypothesis of this study was therefore that multi species grasslands would mitigate the &amp;#8216;Birch effect&amp;#8217; resulting in less erratic transformations of soil mineral nitrogen and lower N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes compared to monocultures. This study also predicted a lasting legacy effect of drought on soil systems resulting in prolonged heightened N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes. Drought resulted in a depletion of soil NO&lt;sub&gt;3-&lt;/sub&gt;, increased &amp;#160;levels of NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+ &lt;/sup&gt;and background level N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions. Following re-wetting soil mineral N underwent transformations from NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; to NO3- indicating nitrification. Four times more N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions were recorded during re-wetting period compared to fertilizer application. There was no lasting legacy effect of drought and re-wetting on N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes observed during fertilizer application two weeks after re-wetting bar T. repens which has implications for grassland management strategies.&lt;/p&gt;

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