The developing pattern of damage in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) due to the combined stresses of salinity and hypoxia: experiments under controlled conditions suggest a methodology for plant selection

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Barrett-Lennard ◽  
P. van Ratingen ◽  
Moira H. Mathie
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Plant Selection ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Combined Stresses ◽  
Growth Production ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Selection Of

The response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gamenya) to the interaction of salinity and hypoxia was examined by growing plants under glasshouse conditions in salinised nutrient solutions bubbled with air or N2 gas. Expts 1 and 2 examined the effects of 7 days of salinity and hypoxia on young (13–20-day-old) plants. These experiments showed that (a) hypoxia substantially increased net rates of Na+ and Cl uptake to the shoots, (b) hypoxia increased Na+ and Cl concentrations in the expanded leaves but not in the expanding leaf, and (c) these changes preceded adverse effects on shoot growth. Expt 3 considered the effects of longer term hypoxia and salinity on growth (production of leaves on the main culm, shoot ethanol-insoluble dry weight). Plants were grown for 33 days in aerated or hypoxic solutions containing up to 60 mol/m3 of NaCl (at which time Harvest 1 was taken). Some plants were then transferred back into aerated solutions for a further 13 days to assess recovery from hypoxia (at which time Harvest 2 was taken). For plants grown in aerated solutions, rates of leaf production exceeded rates of leaf senescence at all salt concentrations tested. In contrast, with plants grown in hypoxic solutions, rates of leaf production only exceeded rates of senescence with 0 and 15 mol/m3 of NaCl. The plants grown in aerated solutions had 1.4–2.8-fold increases in ethanol-insoluble dry weight over the 13 days between Harvests 1 and 2 at all salt concentrations tested. In contrast, with the plants grown in hypoxic solutions, increases only occurred in shoot ethanol-insoluble dry weight for plants grown with 0 and 15 mol/m3 of NaCl. At higher salt concentrations, the shoots were moribund. The results are discussed in terms of the sequence of damage that occurs in wheat following the onset of salinity and hypoxia, and the implications of these observations for the selection of cereals with tolerance to salt and waterlogging in the field.

Chromosomal location of genes controlling grain size in a large grained selection of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Euphytica ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Giura ◽  
N. N. Saulescu
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Selection Of

Effects of Growing Wheat in Hypoxic Nutrient Solutions and of Subsequent Transfer to Aerated Solutions. I. Growth and Carbohydrate Status of Shoots and Roots

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
EG Barrett-Lennard ◽  
PD Leighton ◽  
F Buwalda ◽  
J Gibbs ◽  
W Armstrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Crown Roots ◽  
Carbohydrate Status ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

This paper evaluates the effects of hypoxia (imposed by flushing N2 gas through the nutrient solution) on the growth and carbohydrate status of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and the reversibility of these effects once aeration is resumed. Plants were transferred to hypoxic nutrient solutions (containing 0.003 mol O2 m-3) at the early tillering stage, when they had 3-4 leaves, well developed seminal roots, and a few crown roots. Hypoxia for 10-14 days had little adverse effect on shoot growth, whereas the seminal roots stopped growing, i.e. elongating and increasing in dry weight; in contrast, the crown roots elongated to a maximum of 9 cm and continued to increase in dry weight. Hypoxia increased the porosity of crown roots 2-3-fold compared with those grown under aerated conditions; in contrast, the porosity of seminal roots was unaffected. Oxygen concentrations in the gas filled pores of hypoxic crown roots (65 mm or longer) were estimated from measurements of radial oxygen loss using cylindrical platinum electrodes. Oxygen concentrations in the root tips were substantially lower than the critical oxygen pressures required for maximum respiration. Further, both oxygen concentrations in root tips and rates of root elongation were higher in shorter than in longer roots. Plants grown in hypoxic nutrient solutions had substantially higher sugar concentrations in shoots and roots than plants grown in aerated solutions. Sugars were not deficient in hypoxic roots since concentrations over a diurnal cycle remained higher than in aerated roots in both the bulk of the seminal and crown roots, and in the tips of the crown roots. Furthermore, tips of seminal roots had similar sugar concentrations when exposed to either aerated or hypoxic solutions. Hypoxia presumably killed seminal root apices, since the seminal axes did not resume elongation once aeration was restored. In contrast, crown roots resumed elongation when aeration was resumed. Although seminal root tips were moribund, the bulk of the seminal root was still alive. Following the transfer to aerated solutions, there was a rapid increase in the dry weight of both crown and seminal roots, in the latter case due to the proliferation of laterals.

Shoot Growth Curve Analysis of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Receiving Different Levels of Boron and Iron

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-48
Author(s):  
Khair Mohammad Kakar ◽  
Muhammad Tariq . ◽  
M. Raza Tareen . ◽  
Wasi Ullah .
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Growth Curve Analysis ◽  
Different Levels

Interruption of magnesium supply at heading influenced proteome of peripheral layers and reduced grain dry weight of two wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiling Qiu ◽  
Isabelle Nadaud ◽  
Gérard Ledoigt ◽  
Agnès Piquet-Pissaloux ◽  
Gérard Branlard
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L

Selection of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars meeting complex EU quality requirements

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 1125-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Szabó ◽  
Pál Pepó
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Quality Requirements ◽  
Selection Of

Mechanisms of aluminum tolerance in Triticum aestivum (wheat). IV. The role of ammonium and nitrate nutrition

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2181-2186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Taylor ◽  
Charles D. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Five cultivars of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) were grown for 21 days in solution cultures with aluminum (+Al) (74 μM) and without Al (−Al) at an initial pH of 4.5. Patterns of nitrogen depletion and pH change were biphasic. Ammonium [Formula: see text] was rapidly depleted and solution pH declined during phase I. Depletion of nitrate [Formula: see text] was most rapid and solution pH increased after [Formula: see text] was exhausted from solutions (phase II). Cultivar tolerance to Al was negatively correlated with the rate of pH decline induced by cultivars, and the rate of pH decline was positively correlated with the rate at which cultivars depleted [Formula: see text] from +Al and −Al nutrient solutions. Cultivar tolerance to Al was also negatively correlated with the rate of [Formula: see text] depletion from +Al and −Al solutions. Cultivar tolerance to Al was positively correlated with the rate of [Formula: see text] depletion during phase II but only when plants were grown with Al. These results support the hypothesis that differential Al tolerance among cultivars of T. aestivum is caused by differences in the rate of [Formula: see text], and possibly [Formula: see text], uptake. Such diffferences in N preference may have caused differences in pH and Al solubility in the nutrient solutions.

THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL NUTRITION ON THE EXPRESSION OF TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH WINTERHARDINESS OF TWO WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. RICHARD HETHERINGTON ◽  
BRYAN D. McKERSIE ◽  
LISA C. KEELER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Relative Ranking ◽  
Acclimation Period ◽  
Ice Encasement ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Fredrick and Norstar, which differ in their winterhardiness potential, were compared with regard to the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) application, during acclimation, on the expression of four traits associated with winterhardiness — freezing, ice-encasement, and low temperature flooding tolerances and crown moisture content. Modified Hoagland’s nutrient solutions containing five levels of each nutrient were applied to the seedlings during a 5-wk acclimation period at 2 °C, and subsequently the crowns were tested for their ability to survive varying intensities of the stress treatments. Increasing the level of applied N from 0, caused a reduction in the level of all stress tolerances. Increased P did not significantly alter the expression of freezing tolerance, but tended to increase tolerance of the anaerobic stresses, icing and low temperature flooding, to an optimum. Increased K had minimal effects on stress tolerance at the levels tested. Increased levels of each nutrient increased crown moisture content. The cultivar Norstar was consistently more tolerant of freezing and icing stress than Fredrick and this relative ranking was not influenced by mineral nutrition. However, the relative ranking for low temperature flooding tolerance varied depending on the nutrients provided to the seedlings. The results suggest that environmental and growth regulatory factors which influence the uptake of mineral nutrients would be expected to influence crown moisture content, and the expression of stress tolerance.Key words: Freezing, ice-encasement, flooding

INTERACTION BETWEEN SILICON AND ALUMINUM IN TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. (CV. CELTIC)

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay M. Cocker ◽  
Martin J. Hodson ◽  
David E. Evans ◽  
Allan G. Sangster
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Test Solution ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Al Treatment

Seedlings ofTriticum aestivumL. (cv. Celtic) were suspended in plastic tubs containing 500 μmol L−1Ca(NO3)2and 31 μmol L−1KC1 as background solution. A1C13(0 and 100 μmol L−1) and Na2SiO3.5H2O (0 and 2000 μmol; L−1) were added to this basal nutrient medium, and solution pH was set at 4.2 or 4.6. Tubs were aerated and supplied with a continuous flow of pH-adjusted test solution. Plants were grown for 4 d in a growth cabinet at 25 °C with a 16 h photoperiod. At pH 4.2 and 4.6 root length of the seedlings was inhibited at 100 μmol L−1Al. An amelioration of Al-induced toxicity symptoms was observed in the 100 μmol L−1A1/2000 μmol L−1Si treatment at pH 4.6, but not at pH 4.2. Both the shoot (S) and root (R) dry weight of seedlings treated with 100 μmol L−1Al were reduced when compared with controls. Treatment with Al increased S:R ratios, and this effect was ameliorated by Si, but only at pH 4.6.Al content of roots treated with 100 μmol L−1Al or 100 μmol L−1Al/2000 μmol L−1Si increased significantly when compared with controls. More Al accumulated in the roots of seedlings of the 100 μmol L−1Al/2000 μmol L−1Si treatment than in the 100 μmol L−1treatment. Al treatment reduced root and shoot K concentrations under both pH regimes, and Si did not ameliorate this effect. Al treatment had little effect on seedling Ca levels.Three treatments were selected for a microanalytical investigation of the basal third of the root, and the zone 3.5 mm behind the root tip: 2800 μmol L−1Si; 75 μmol Al; and a combination of the two. When plants were grown in 2800 μmol L−1Si the major silica deposition sites in the roots were the endodermal walls. In the 75 μmol L−1Al treatment, Al was mainly located in the epidermal and hypodermal walls. Al treatment caused a leakage of phosphorus into these cell walls. When both 2800 μmol L−1and 75 μmol L−1Al were present in the nutrient solution, only Si was deposited in the endodermal walls, while both elements were present in the epidermal walls. Leakage of phosphorus appeared to be prevented in the presence of Si.

Simultaneous selection of major and minor genes: use of QTL to increase selection efficiency of coleoptile length of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiankang Wang ◽  
Scott C. Chapman ◽  
David G. Bonnett ◽  
Greg J. Rebetzke
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Selection Efficiency ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Minor Genes ◽  
Simultaneous Selection ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Evaluation of herbicidal potential of commercial herbicides in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation

2017 ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Hussein Ali Salim, Abdalsalam Awni Abdalbaki, Hussein Ali Khalid ◽  
Abd Alrasool Shalal Taha, Salam Farhan Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A field experiment was conducted in Kanan region, province of Diyala, Iraq during the winter season 2016-2017 to screen herbicides for wheat cultivation. Six herbicides viz., Salix, Cronus, Pallas, Granstar, Topic and Atlantis were sprayed as post-emergence with second irrigation 54 days after crop sowing. Wheat growth parameters viz Crop height, Spike length and number of grains per spike were a higher in Granstar&Topic (105.2 cm, 12.6 cm, 51.4) respectively, 1000 grain weight were noted with Atlantis (40.9 g). followed by Granstar&Topic (39.2 g), Number of plants / m2 was a higher in Atlantis (430), Grain yield g \ acre was significantly increased in Granstar&Topic (1848 g) weeds growth parameters like Number of weeds / m2, Dry weight of weeds g, Weed control % and Weeds inhibition % were lower in Salix&cronos (0.0,0.0 g,100%,100%) respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document