Winter diet of introduced red deer (Cervus elaphus) in woodland vegetation in Grampians National Park, western Victoria

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathryn Roberts ◽  
Martin Westbrooke ◽  
Singarayer Florentine ◽  
Simon Cook
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
National Park ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
Woody Shrubs ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Although red deer (Cervus elaphus) have the potential to play a major role in influencing the structure and composition of vegetation, little is known about the dietary preferences of red deer in Australia. In the Grampians National Park, Victoria, where there is a large, established red deer population, there has been concern over the condition of woodlands, with lack of perennial seedling recruitment observed. We estimated the diets of 12 red deer using macroscopic sorting techniques. We examined rumen contents of seven male and five female red deer from four woodland Ecological Vegetation Classes, which indicate that they act as intermediate feeders. A wide variety of plants were ingested, with evergreen tree species, small trees and woody shrubs making up a large proportion of the diet, along with grasses. This study found that red deer show significantly different dietary intake due to sex, with females consuming a diet much higher in grasses, while males consume more trees and shrubs. These findings have implications for the management of red deer populations within the park and broader implications for their effects on Australian ecosystems.

The population of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L., 1758) in Tulcea county (Romania)

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
Sorin Geacu
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
The West ◽  
Spreading Area ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Expansion ◽  
North Western

The population of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L., 1758) in Tulcea county (Romania) The presence of the Red Deer in the North-western parts of Tulcea County is an example of the natural expansion of a species spreading area. In North Dobrogea, this mammal first occurred only forty years ago. The first specimens were spotted on Cocoşul Hill (on the territory of Niculiţel area) in 1970. Peak numbers (68 individuals) were registered in the spring of 1987. The deer population (67 specimens in 2007) of this county extended along 10 km from West to East and 20 km from North to South over a total of 23,000 ha (55% of which was forest land) in the East of the Măcin Mountains and in the West of the Niculiţel Plateau.

scholarly journals Tracking red deer population size using deterministic cohort analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Donini ◽  
Luca Corlatti ◽  
Luca Pedrotti
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Over Time

AbstractReliable and cost-effective monitoring tools to track population size over time are of key importance for wildlife management and conservation. Deterministic cohort analysis may be used to this aim, especially in hunted populations, but it requires that all mortality events are recorded and that individual age at death is known exactly. In this study, we investigated the reliability of cohort analysis as a relative index to track over-time variation in red deer (Cervus elaphus) abundance, in the absence of exact information about natural mortality and age. Visual tooth inspection was used to age 18,390 individuals found dead or hunted between 1982 and 2020 within the Trentino sector of the Stelvio National Park and the Val di Sole hunting district (Central Italian Alps). Temporal trend of reconstructed population size was checked using spring spotlight counts as a benchmark, through the Buishand range test and a linear model. Our results showed a significant and positive relationship between reconstructed population size and spring spotlight counts between 1982 and 2013, suggesting that cohort analysis could reliably track red deer population trend up to 7 years in the past. With a relative error of  +  1.1 (SD  =  1.5) years in the estimation of age, and fairly stable hunting pressure, our results support the use of deterministic cohort analysis as a relative index of abundance for monitoring red deer over time, even in the absence of exact information about natural mortality. Under violation of assumptions, however, the performance of deterministic reconstruction should be carefully inspected at the management scale.

Impact of herbivory by red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) on patterns and processes in subalpine grasslands in the Swiss National Park

2003 ◽  
Vol 181 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schütz ◽  
Anita C Risch ◽  
Eliane Leuzinger ◽  
Bertil O Krüsi ◽  
Gérald Achermann
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
National Park ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Swiss National Park ◽  
Subalpine Grasslands ◽  
Patterns And Processes

scholarly journals Analysis of 19 Minerals and Cortisol in Red Deer Hair in Two Different Areas of the Stelvio National Park: A Preliminary Study

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montillo ◽  
Caslini ◽  
Peric ◽  
Prandi ◽  
Netto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
National Park ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

The aim of the study was to perform an investigation on the concentration of 19 minerals and cortisol in red deer (Cervus elaphus) hair, a matrix that is easy to collect with non-invasive and painless sampling, able to represent an integrative values of long-term substance concentrations, and able to give useful information, also when performed on dead animals, given its extreme stability over time. In the study thirty-five animals were included, coming from two different sides of a valley in the Stelvio National Park, where official water analysis had pointed out elevated concentrations of As in one of the two orographic sides. Hair cortisol concentrations were measured using a RIA(Radio Immuno Assay), while minerals were detected using ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma- Mass Spectrometry). Results showed a negative relationship between cortisol and some mineral concentrations (Li, Co, As, Cd, Cr and Tl) and significant differences in some mineral concentrations between park areas (Al, Co, Cu, Cd and Ni). As, Cr and cortisol differences approached statistical significance. This preliminary study represents a step forward in the study of wildlife allostatic load and a valid method for applications in wildlife management programs, in environmental studies and in public health programs.

Model gospodarowania populacją jelenia europejskiego Cervus elaphus L. w Wolińskim Parku Narodowym i na Wyspie Wolin

2018 ◽  
Vol XI ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Adam Mohr ◽  
Antoni Przybylski ◽  
Małgorzata Zimnicka – Pluskota ◽  
Damian Spieczyński
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Model Population ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Age And Sex

The paper presents the current methods of management and environmental conditions of the functioning of red deer population on the Wolin Island. The inventory carried out in 2014 using the drive census method revealed the prevalence of stags in the population (0.86 hinds/1stag) and the population density of 225 individuals/1,000 hectares of the forest, whereas harvest conducted in this season showed merely 22 individuals/1,000 hectares. In the analysed seasons before the inventory, harvest was also low (about 10% of the probable actual state) and despite harvesting mainly hinds, it did not curb the population growth. In the years 2006 – 2014, the yearly harvest in the largest hunting district fluctuated within the range of 14.5 to 60.5, x̅=27.0 individuals/1,000 hectares (n=9), while in the remaining four smaller population management units, the average yearly harvest amounted to only 0.2 to 9.8 individuals/1,000 hectares (n=9). The realized rate of population growth determined by the method of summer deer observation in 2015 amounted to 42.2% of the hinds number. Applying the simulation of the model population meeting the parameters indicated in the inventory, the researchers calculated and proposed the optimal indicators of harvesting individual age and sex groups. The proposed model of hunting monitoring and management assumes optimization of environmental conditions, structure and size of the actual population within the next 10 years.

scholarly journals Survival and Cause-specific Mortality of Red Deer Cervus Elaphus in Białowieża National Park, Poland

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan F. Kamler ◽  
Włodzimierz Jędrzejewski ◽  
Bogumiła Jędrzejewska
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
National Park ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Białowieża National Park

scholarly journals Suspicion of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Transmission between Cattle and Wild-Living Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) by Multitarget Genotyping

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1132-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Fritsch ◽  
Gabriele Luyven ◽  
Heike Köhler ◽  
Walburga Lutz ◽  
Petra Möbius
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
National Park ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Repeat Analysis ◽  
Cattle Herds

ABSTRACTMultitarget genotyping of the etiologic agentMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisis necessary for epidemiological tracing of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease). The study was undertaken to assess the informative value of different typing techniques and individual genome markers by investigation ofM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosistransmission between wild-living red deer and farmed cattle with known shared habitats. Fifty-threeM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosistype II isolates were differentiated by short sequence repeat analysis (SSR; 4 loci), mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit–variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MIRU-VNTR; 8 loci), and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis based on IS900(IS900-RFLP) using BstEII and PstI digestion. Isolates originated from free-living red deer (Cervus elaphus) from Eifel National Park (n= 13), six cattle herds living in the area of this park (n= 23), and five cattle herds without any contact with these red deer (n= 17). Data based on individual herds and genotypes verified that SSR G2 repeats did not exhibit sufficient stability for epidemiological studies. Two common SSR profiles (without G2 repeats), nine MIRU-VNTR patterns, and nine IS900-RFLP patterns were detected, resulting in 17 genotypes when combined. A high genetic variability was found for red deer and cattle isolates within and outside Eifel National Park, but it was revealed only by combination of different typing techniques. Results imply that within this restricted area, wild-living and farmed animals maintain a reservoir for specificM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisgenotypes. No host relation of genotypes was obtained. Results suggested that four genotypes had been transmitted between and within species and that one genotype had been transmitted between cattle herds only. Use of multitarget genotyping forM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosistype II strains and sufficiently stable genetic markers is essential for reliable interpretations of epidemiological studies on paratuberculosis.

scholarly journals Wildlife and forest management measures significantly impact red deer population density

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 149-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matija Stergar ◽  
Klemen Jerina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
Management Measures

Jelen obični (Cervus elaphus L.) je u mnogim dijelovima svijeta važna ekološka vrsta i popularna divljač, te kao takva ima značajan izravan utjecaj na čovjeka. Istovremeno može imati štetne posljedice na okoliš, posebice na šumarstvo. Težina ovih posljedica ovisi o gustoći populacija jelena običnog, što zauzvrat u značajnom stupnju ovisi o kvaliteti staništa i prijašnjem upravljanju ovom vrstom. Oba čimbenika snažno odražavaju ljudske utjecaje. Ovo istraživanje proučava utjecaje određenih okolišnih i povijesnih čimbenika, posebice onih antropogenih, na raširenost i lokalne gustoće populacija jelena običnog. Područje istraživanja je Slovenija, zemljopisno, klimatski i krajobrazno izuzetno raznovrsna država. Jelen obični je u povijesti istrijebljen i reintroduciran prije 100 godina na nekoliko mjesta, a također je i spontano imigrirao iz Mađarske (Slika 1). Danas je proširen na 60% površine države, ali nije još dosegao sva pogodna staništa zbog sporog širenja. Analiza je obuhvatila nezavisne varijable širokog raspona okolišnih varijabli i varijable “troškovna udaljenost”, koja prikazuje “težinu” disperzije jelena običnog od mjesta reintrodukcije, odnosno imigracije. Procjene lokalnih gustoća jelena običnog (zavisna varijabla) su dobivene pomoću dvije metode: podaci o izvršenim odstrjelnim kvotama i metodom brojanja izmeta. Vrijednosti varijabli su pripremljene na relativno finoj prostornoj rezoluciji (imajući na umu površinu cijelog područja) od 1 km2. U skladu s teorijom o višestrukom izboru staništa, zavisnost jelena običnog o okolišu je analizirana na dvije razine: 1) globalni doseg jelena običnog (nazočnost/nenazočnost) i 2) gustoće lokalnih populacija unutar područja raširenosti. Na obje razine je provedena bivarijatna (korelacija) i multivarijatna (regresija) analiza. Nazočnost jelena običnog je najvjerojatnija u blizini mjesta reintrodukcije, odnosno imigracije, što ističe važnost varijable “troškovna udaljenost”, te u velikim šumskim kompleksima, što ukazuje na pozitivan utjecaj udjela šume i veličinu šumske plohe te negativan utjecaj gustoće ruba šume (Tablica 1, Tablica 2). Ove varijable također utječu na gustoću populacije, koja raste s padom udaljenosti od hranilišta i pozitivno je vezana s udjelom sastojina u kojima dominira obična smreka. Korelacija također ukazuje na pozitivnu ovisnost s udjelom mladih sastojina (Tablica 1, Tablica 3). Troškovna udaljenost od mjesta reintrodukcije te udio i kontinuitet šume prikazuje ljudske intervencije u povijesti (nekadašnje upravljanje jelenom običnim i korištenje prostora od strane čovjeka). Poznavanje utjecaja ovih čimbenika na jelena običnog je stoga važno za razumijevanje prošlosti i predviđanje buduće dinamike populacije. Stanište jelena običnog u Sloveniji još uvijek nije u potpunosti nastanjeno i širenje se nastavlja. Stoga se očekuje kontinuirano širenje jelena običnog, imajući na umu da brzina ovisi o načinima upravljanja prostorom. Stanje je slično i u većini drugih europskih zemalja. Još je važnije poznavati utjecaje mjera u današnjem lovstvu i šumarstvu koje, mogu biti prilagođene s ciljem postizanja željenih utjecaja. Neke ustaljene prakse upravljanja često ostvaruju utjecaje suprotne željenima,i u budućnosti bi trebale biti ponovno razmatrane. U budućnosti bi više pozornosti trebalo posvetiti izboru mjesta na kojem bi se postavila hranilišta za jelensku divljač, a na nekim područjima bi se intenzitet prihranjivanja jelenske divljači trebao reducirati. Udio mladih stabala u šumama Slovenije je prenizak; stoga bi ili trebalo proširiti područja obnove šumskih sastojina ili osnovati krmne površine za divljač (remize). Upravljanje odnosima između šume i divljači zahtjeva suradnju djelatnika u lovstvu i djelatnika u šumarstvu. Metoda primijenjena u našem istraživanju također bi mogla biti korištena za poboljšanje bonitiranja lovišta za jelensku divljač, jer su procjene utjecaja pojedinih okolišnih čimbenika na kvalitetu staništa jelena običnog temeljene na kvantitativnoj analizi.

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