Relationship of weaning weight to the mature liveweight of cashmere does on Australian farms

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. McGregor ◽  
K. L. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Residual Standard Deviation ◽  
Individual Farm ◽  
Relationship Of

Median weaning weight and its relationship with the median mature liveweight of does was quantified for four commercial Australian cashmere farms in various parts of Australia. Individual liveweights, of does of all ages at the time of weaning in December, ranged from 9 to 61 kg. Individual farm means of adult does (>1 year old) ranged from 24.6 to 38.8 kg. The model for the logarithm of liveweight was: log10(liveweight) = a + br(Age + 0.6); where a, b and r are parameters that are different for each farm. The result that the r parameter differs with farm was statistically significant (P = 9.4 × 10−6). The percentage variance accounted for was 84.4% and the residual standard deviation was 0.042. Farms differed greatly in the median mature liveweight with some farms reaching ~44 kg and others only 31 kg. Median weaning weight was 14.1 kg (range 11.4–16.8 kg). Median weaning weight as a percentage of median mature doe liveweight on a particular farm varied from 32 to 42%. These weaning weights appear low in absolute and relative terms and thus are likely to incur production penalties.

An evaluation of the Hennessy and Chong Fat Depth Indicator, and the Ulster Probe, for use in pig carcass classification and grading

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Kempster ◽  
J. P. Chadwick ◽  
D. W. Jones ◽  
A. Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Optical Probe ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Residual Standard Deviation ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Prediction Residual ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Cut Surface

ABSTRACTThe Hennessy and Chong Fat Depth Indicator and the Ulster Probe automatic recording instruments developed for measuring fat thickness were tested against the optical probe for use in pig carcass classification and grading.Fat thickness measurements were taken using each probe 60 mm from the dorsal mid-line over the m. longissimus at the positions of the 3rd/4th lumbar vertebrae, 3rd/4th last ribs and last rib on a total of 110 hot carcasses covering the range of market weights in Great Britain. The standard deviation of carcass lean proportion at equal carcass weight was 35·4 g/kg.The instruments differed little in the precision of carcass lean proportion prediction: residual standard deviation (g/kg) for the multiple regression with carcass weight and the best individual fat measurement for each probe were: last rib optical probe, 22·1; last rib Ulster Probe, 22·7; and 3rd/4th last rib Fat Depth Indicator, 21/6. Residual standard deviation (g/kg) for carcass lean proportion prediction from carcass weight and all three fat measurements in multiple regression were 21·3 optical probe, 21·3 Ulster Probe and 201 Fat Depth Indicator.Similar mean fat measurements were obtained from the optical probe and Fat Depth Indicator, and for these instruments, but to a lesser extent for the Ulster Probe, the regression relationships with each other and with fat thickness measurements taken on the cut surface of the cold carcass were also similar.The differences recorded in precision are unlikely to be sufficiently important to influence the choice of one probe rather than another.

scholarly journals The heat of combustion of the urine of sheep and cattle in relation to its chemical composition and to diet

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Blaxter ◽  
J. L. Clapperton ◽  
A. K. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Heat Of Combustion ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Residual Standard Deviation ◽  
Analytical Errors ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

1. The results of over 500 determinations of the heat of combustion of the urine produced by cattle and sheep have been analysed statistically. 2. The analytical errors for nitrogen, carbon and heat of combustion were ±0.54, ±1.4 and ±2.2%. The error attached to an estimate of the heat of combustion of the urine produced by an individual sheep in 4 days was ± 10%.3. At the maintenance level of feeding, the heat of combustion of the urine (U kcal/ 100 kcal food) was related to the crude protein content of the diet (P%)by the equationU = 0.25P+1.6with a residual standard deviation of ±0.88 kcal/100 kcal.4. Regression analysis of the relation between the heat of combustion of urine and its N content showed significant differences with diet. The heat of combustion of the urine of sheep was 9.7 kcal/g C and of cattle 10.3 kcal/g C, and did not vary with diet. 5. It is shown that the variation in the heat of combustion of urine/g N and its relative constancy/g C arises largely from variation, from diet to diet, in the proportion of the N excreted as hippurate. 6. The results have been combined with the results of a similar analysis (Blaxter & Clapperton, 1965) of methane production by sheep to show that the ratio of metabolizable energy to digested energy varies very little from mean values of 0.82 for roughages, 0.85 for cereals and 0.79 for oilseed cakes and meals.

scholarly journals Relationship of milk expected progeny differences (EPD's)to milk production and calf weaning weight

1989 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
T.T. Marston ◽  
D.D. Simms ◽  
R.R. Schalles ◽  
K.O. Zoellner ◽  
L.S. Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Expected Progeny Differences

Comparative farrowing to weaning performance in Meishan and Large White pigs and their crosses

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Lee ◽  
C. S. Haley
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Large White ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Litter Traits ◽  
Breed Differences

AbstractGrowth and survival from birth to weaning were monitored during three generations of crossbreeding between British Large White (LW) and Chinese Meishan (MS) pigs. The design allowed comparisons between sow genotypes ranging from zero to all MS genes, which were mated toLWor MS boars, to produce progeny with proportions of 0·0 to 0·5 or 0·5 to 1·0 MS genes, respectively. Crossbreeding parameters of both maternal and direct piglet performance were estimated for the first two parities using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) methods for litter traits (litter weight at birth, litter mean and within litter standard deviation of piglet weight at birth, proportion surviving to weaning, litter size and weight at weaning and litter mean piglet weight at weaning) and for traits of the piglet (birth weight, probability of survival and weaning weight). For litter traits, the estimated contribution of the additive maternal effect to the breed differences (MS-LW) was significant for litter mean piglet birth weight (–0·46 (s.e. 0·04) kg), survival to weaning (0·15 (s.e. 0·02)), litter size at weaning (1·6 (s.e. 0·16) piglets), litter weaning weight (–11·2 (s.e. 3·8) kg) and litter mean piglet weaning weight (2·54 (s.e. 0·24) kg). Adding litter size and litter mean piglet birth weight to the model removed the additive maternal contribution to the breed differences in survival, and litter size and reduced that for litter mean piglet weaning weight. The contribution of the direct additive effect to the breed difference (MS-LW) was significant for the within litter standard deviation in birth weight (0·018 (s.e. 0·006)), survival to weaning (0·12 (s.e. 0·02)) and litter size (1·12 (s.e. 0·64)) and weight (11·6 (s.e. 4·0) kg) at weaning, but not for piglet weight at birth or weaning. Fitting litter size and litter mean birth weight had comparatively little impact on the direct additive effects. There were significant maternal heterosis effects for litter weight at birth and litter size and weight at weaning, the estimated deviation of the F1 from the midpoint of the two purebreds 3·22 (s.e. 0·55) kg, 2·20 (s.e. 0·47) piglets, and 20·1 (s.e. 3·3) kg respectively, but none for survival or piglet weights. There were direct heterosis effects for litter weight and litter mean piglet weights, the estimated deviation of the Fjfrom the mid point of the two purebreds being 1·16 (s.e. 0·41) kg and 0·14 (s.e. 0·02) kg, for survival to weaning (0·04 (s.e. 0·02)) and for litter weight (11·2 (s.e. 2·5) kg) and litter mean piglet weight (0·96 (s.e. 0·17) kg) at weaning. Fitting litter size and litter mean piglet birth weight removed or reduced both maternal and direct heterosis effects. Individual piglet analyses gave similar results to analyses of the equivalent sow trait. It was concluded that in litters born to MS cows, the lower piglet survival and lower weaning weights were related to the larger litter sizes and lower piglet birth weights. For their birth weight, however, MS piglets have a greater ability to survive and thrive. The large direct and maternal heterosis effects observed for litter and mean piglet weight at weaning werepartly associated with the heavier birth weight of the crossbred piglet.

Milk production from a naturalized pasture at Wollongbar and its relation to rainfall

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (53) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
H Jeffery ◽  
RL Colman ◽  
FG Swain
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Residual Standard Deviation ◽  
The Mean

The 4 per cent fat corrected milk (FCM) production obtained from cows grazing a 9.7 ha farmlet of naturalized pasture at Wollongbar was measured over the ten-year period to 1968. FCM per cow varied between 1538 kg and 2765 kg and per hectare between 1678 kg and 2847 kg. The factors most likely to have affected production appeared to be climatic effects. It is suggested that soil fertility was unlikely to have affected production markedly and the relation between FCM production per hectare, and several rainfall parameters were established. The most important factor affecting production appeared to be rainfall in early to mid-lactation. Knowledge of rainfall during this period accounted for 93 per cent of the total variation in FCM per hectare between years. The residual standard deviation of the regression was 5 per cent of the mean production per hectare.

Level of Stress and Sleep Duration

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Hicks ◽  
Eliot R. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Daily Diaries ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

30 subjects kept daily diaries of sleep-duration and stress levels for 4 mo. From these data, it was determined that during periods of high stress, sleep was reduced by about one standard deviation while during periods of low stress, sleep increased by about one-half a standard deviation. The relationship of these results to the relevant sleep-stress literature was briefly discussed.

Hubungan berat lahir anak, rasio jenis kelamin anak, dan umur induk kerbau terhadap lama kebuntingan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Yendraliza Yendraliza ◽  
Muhamad Rodiallah ◽  
Zumarni Zumarni
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study was conducted to determine the relationship of birth weight of calves, sex ratio of the calves, and the age of the dam to the length of pregnancy in buffaloes resulting from artificial insemination in Kampar District. The method used in this research is the descriptive method by displaying the average and standard deviation. The total number of buffaloes that were artificially inseminated in 2018 and gave birth in 2019 was 21 buffalo-cows. Data were analyzed with the Pearson Product Moment (PPM) correlation. The parameters measured in this study were the length of pregnancy, calf birth weight, calf sex ratio, and dam’s age. The results showed a positive correlation between the birth weight of the calves, sex ratio of the calves, and the age of the dam to the length of pregnancy of 1.4%, with an average length of pregnancy, calf birth weight, and sex ratio of 351.81 days, 27.38 kg, and 1: 1 respectively.

Muscle score: its usefulness in describing the potential yield of saleable meat from live steers and their carcasses

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Perry ◽  
WA McKiernan ◽  
AP Yeates
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Residual Standard Deviation

Domestic trade weight steers (149) were assessed visually for subcutaneous fat and then given a live muscle score based on the thickness and convexity of their shape relative to frame size, having adjusted for subcutaneous fat. After slaughter, carcasses were given visually assessed carcass muscle scores based on the same critera. Fat depths at the P8 site and 12-13th eye muscle area were measured. Half of each carcass was boned-out into primal joints with subcutaneous fat trimmed to 6 mm. The weights of these joints plus meat trim (85% visual lean) were added to obtain the weight of saleable meat. The weight of fat trimmed from the carcass, primal joints, and meat trimmings during the bone-out process was added to obtain weight of fat trim. The assessors did not give steers with a greater subcutaneous fat depth better muscle scores when scoring for muscle and intermuscular fat. There was a negative correlation between live muscle score and P8 fat depth (-0.37), and no significant correlation between carcass muscle score and P8 fat depth. The associations between muscle score and yield of saleable meat were investigated using multiple regression techniques, with fat depth and muscle score sequentially added after weight in the model. The coefficient of determination and the residual standard deviation were compared at each stage. For saleable meat yield (kg), liveweight and carcass weight were the main contributors to the variation explained by the models fitted. For saleable meat yield as a percentage of carcass weight, most of the variation accounted for by the models fitted was explained by fat depth, muscle score, and eye muscle area. When added after weight and fat depth in regression models, muscle score significantly increased the coefficient of determination in all cases, with an associated decrease in the residual standard deviation. The effect was strongest for percentage of saleable meat. At the same weight and fat depth, animals or carcasses with better muscle scores produced more saleable meat.

The value of pepsin dry matter solubility for estimating the voluntary intake and digestibility of six Panicum varieties

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (49) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Minson ◽  
KP Haydock
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Residual Standard Deviation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Intake

The dry matter solubility in acid pepsin (P) was determined on 57 cuts of six Panicum varieties on which the voluntary intake (I), dry matter digestibility (D), and voluntary intake of digestible dry matter (ID) had been determined. I, D, and ID were each significantly (P<0.01) correlated with P (r = 0.67, 0.81, and 0.78). The residual standard deviation for I and ID was large due to the existence of different relations both within and between species of Panicum. The cause and the statistical implications of these biases are discussed and it was concluded that for practical purposes the method is of limited value.

A comparison of phase inversion and traveltime tomography for processing near-surface refraction traveltimes

Geophysics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. WCB11-WCB24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl J. Ellefsen
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Complex Frequency ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Residual Standard Deviation ◽  
Wave Refraction ◽  
Traveltime Tomography ◽  
The Difference

With phase inversion, one can estimate subsurface velocities using the phases of first-arriving waves, which are the frequency-domain equivalents of the traveltimes. Phase inversion is modified to make it suitable for processing traveltimes from near-surface refraction surveys. The modifications include parameterizing the model, correcting the observed phases, and selecting the complex frequency. This modified phase inversion is compared to traveltime tomography. For two comparisons using computer-simulated traveltimes, the difference between the estimated and correct models, the residual mean, and the residual standard deviation are smaller for the phase inversion than they are for the traveltime tomography. For a comparison using field data from an S-wave refraction survey, both methods estimate models that are consistent with the known geology. Nonetheless, the phase-inversion model includes small-scale features in the bedrock that are geologically plausible; the residual mean and the residual standard deviation are smaller for the phase inversion than they are for the traveltime tomography.

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