Expression of field resistance under Western Australian conditions to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Chinese and Australian Brassica napus and Brassica juncea germplasm and its relation with stem diameter

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. X. Li ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
K. Sivasithamparam ◽  
T. D. Fu ◽  
Y. C. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Stem Lesion ◽  
Western Australian

Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, has become one of the most serious disease problems in oilseed rape-growing areas in Australia. Sources of resistance to this disease have been sought worldwide. In this study, germplasm comprising 42 Brassica napus and 12 Brassica juncea accessions from China and Australia, was screened for resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot under Western Australian field conditions. Resistance was confirmed in some germplasm from China and new sources of resistance were identified in germplasm from Australia. Furthermore, our study found that the severity of stem lesions was related to stem diameter and percentage of the host plants that were dead. It was evident that both stem lesion length and percentage of plant death were at the lowest level when the stem diameter was approximately 10 mm. Smaller or greater stem diameter resulted both in increased stem lesion length and plant death. Stem diameter may be a useful parameter in breeding cultivars of oilseed Brassicas with Sclerotinia resistance.

scholarly journals Comparative Reaction of Camelina sativa to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Leptosphaeria maculans

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 2884-2892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria I. Purnamasari ◽  
William Erskine ◽  
Janine S. Croser ◽  
Ming Pei You ◽  
Martin J. Barbetti
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Stem Lesion ◽  
Stem Resistance

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Leptosphaeria maculans are two of the most important pathogens of many cruciferous crops. The reaction of 30 genotypes of Camelina sativa (false flax) was determined against both pathogens. C. sativa genotypes were inoculated at seedling and adult stages with two pathotypes of S. sclerotiorum, highly virulent MBRS-1 and less virulent WW-1. There were significant differences (P < 0.001) among genotypes, between pathotypes, and a significant interaction between genotypes and pathotypes in relation to percent cotyledon disease index (% CDI) and stem lesion length. Genotypes 370 (% CDI 20.5, stem lesion length 1.8 cm) and 253 (% CDI 24.8, stem lesion length 1.4 cm) not only consistently exhibited cotyledon and stem resistance, in contrast to susceptible genotype 2305 (% CDI 37.7, stem lesion length 7.2 cm), but their resistance was independent to S. sclerotiorum pathotype. A F5-recombinant inbred line population was developed from genotypes 370 × 2305 and responses characterized. Low broad-sense heritability indicated a complex pattern of inheritance of resistance to S. sclerotiorum. Six isolates of L. maculans, covering combinations of five different avirulent loci (i.e., five different races), were tested on C. sativa cotyledons across two experiments. There was a high level of resistance, with % CDI < 17, and including development of a hypersensitive reaction. This is the first report of variable reaction of C. sativa to different races of L. maculans and the first demonstrating comparative reactions of C. sativa to S. sclerotiorum and L. maculans. This study not only provides new understanding of these comparative resistances in C. sativa, but highlights their potential as new sources of resistance, both for crucifer disease-resistance breeding in general and to enable broader adoption of C. sativa as a more sustainable oilseed crop in its own right.

The importance of the type and time of inoculation and assessment in the determination of resistance in Brassia napus and B. juncea to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. X. Li ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
A. B. Siddique ◽  
K. Sivasithamparam ◽  
P. Salisbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Myceliogenic Germination ◽  
Variable Impact ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Mycelial Suspension

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is a significant agricultural problem worldwide. Finding sources of resistance is crucial to the ongoing search for better management of this disease. Brassica germplasm from Australia, China and India was screened for resistance to SSR under Western Australian field conditions following stem inoculation, application of a spray of mycelial suspension, or as a consequence of myceliogenic germination originating from sclerotia resident in soil. Significant differences in response were observed among 53 genotypes using each of the three screening methods. There was a variable impact of the time of inoculation on the disease level depending upon time of assessment post-stem inoculation. However, this impact could be reduced to an insignificant level provided the assessment after stem inoculation was delayed until 3 weeks post-inoculation. The results of these studies indicate that the use of appropriate inoculation and assessment methods could significantly reduce variability in the responses commonly observed in screening for resistance in crop plants against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

A reproducible assay for measuring partial resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Bastien ◽  
Tung Thanh Huynh ◽  
Geneviève Giroux ◽  
Elmer Iquira ◽  
Sylvie Rioux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Eastern Canada

Bastien, M., Huynh, T. T., Giroux, G., Iquira, E., Rioux, S. and Belzile, F. 2012. A reproducible assay for measuring partial resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 279–288. In eastern Canada, Sclerotinia stem rot in soybean is an important disease, and resistance is systematically assessed in cultivar performance trials. The reference method used in these trials closely mimics the natural infection process, but is very demanding, and its success is highly subject to environmental conditions. Here we describe a simple, quick and reproducible inoculation method to measure resistance to pathogen progression on the main stem. Importantly, this method is the first to reproducibly identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring partial resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot in soybean. In this method, a cotton pad saturated with a mycelial suspension is applied to a floral bud and resistance is estimated by measuring lesion length on the main stem. The method was found to discriminate clearly between known resistant and susceptible checks in both the field and greenhouse. Clear discrimination between 26 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) contrasted for QTLs controlling resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot was also achieved in four independent trials, and lesion length was significantly correlated among all trials. When tested on 38, 42 and 40 lines in registration trials, the results of this method were significantly correlated with those of the reference method in 2 of 3 yr.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sclerotinia Stem Rot Resistance in Oilseed Brassica napus Using a Petiole Inoculation Technique Under Greenhouse Conditions

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 1033-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhao ◽  
A. J. Peltier ◽  
J. Meng ◽  
T. C. Osborn ◽  
C. R. Grau
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Inoculation Technique ◽  
Spring Type ◽  
Canola Quality

A petiole inoculation technique was adapted for evaluating resistance of oilseed Brassica napus seedlings to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In the first of four experiments, four isolates of S. sclerotiorum were tested, two originating from soybean and two from B. napus. In all, 10 to 47 B. napus accessions were inoculated in the seedling stage and responses to isolates were evaluated using days to wilt (DW) and a lesion phenotype index (LP). There were no significant differences in virulence among the four isolates for DW and only slight differences for LP. However, significant differences (P < 0.0001) were observed among the B. napus accessions for DW and LP in this experiment and in subsequent experiments using one isolate. The responses of accessions were consistent among experiments and among evaluation criteria. Higher levels of resistance were found among winter-type than spring-type accessions, and among rapeseed-quality compared with canola-quality accessions. The most resistant accessions identified also were the most resistant when inoculated at the flowering stage. Terminal stems were inoculated immediately below the lowest flower and stem lesion length (SLL) was used to characterize the interaction phenotype of each accession. The petiole inoculation technique can be used successfully to differentiate oilseed B. napus germ plasm for response to S. sclerotiorum. This inoculation technique and the sources of resistance identified in this study may be used to determine inheritance resistance to S. sclerotiorum and for improving oilseed B. napus cultivars for resistance to this important pathogen.

GENETIC VARIATION IN REACTION TO SCLEROTINIA STEM ROT IN Brassica SPECIES

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. SEDUN ◽  
G. SEGUIN-SWARTZ ◽  
G. F. W. RAKOW
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Stem Tissue ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Selection Technique ◽  
Resistance Selection ◽  
Stem Lesion

Twenty-five cultivars and strains representing five Brassica species were tested under controlled conditions for their reaction to infection by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of sclerotinia stem rot. Using the rate of stem lesion expansion as an indicator of the resistance of stem tissue to the pathogen, significant differences were present between species and among cultivars/strains within species. Although S0 parent-S1 progeny heritability of stem lesion expansion was low, S0 plants of Brassica campestris and B. juncea with increased sclerotinia stem rot resistance could be selected.Key words: Brassica, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, stem rot resistance, selection technique

Lignin composition and timing of cell wall lignification are involved in Brassica napus resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum stem rot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas von Tiedemann ◽  
Birger Koopmann ◽  
Kerstin Hoech
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Lignin Deposition

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is an economically and globally significant disease in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) caused by the necrotrophic ascomycete Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. This study explored the role of cell wall reinforcement by lignin as a relevant factor for effective plant defence against attack of this pathogen. Expression of key genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway and the induced synthesis of lignin in infected stem tissues were investigated in a study comparing a susceptible (Loras) and a moderately resistant cultivar (Zhongyou 821, ZY821). Data revealed an earlier and more rapid defence activation in ZY821 through up-regulation of transcript levels of genes related to key steps in the phenylpropanoid pathway associated with enhanced lignin deposition in the resistant B. napus genotype. Expression level of BnCAD5, encoding a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, responsible for conversion of monolignol to lignin, was more rapidly up-regulated in ZY821 than Loras. The similar expression pattern of BnCAD5 and the gene BnF5H, encoding for the ferulate-5-hydroxylase which catalyses the synthesis of syringyl (S) lignin precursors, suggests that BnCAD5 is involved in the S lignin formation. Histological observations confirmed these results, showing an earlier increase of S lignin deposition in the infected resistant genotype. Deposition of guaiacyl (G) lignin was detected in both genotypes and is thus considered a component of basal, cultivar-independent defence response of B. napus to stem rot. The results indicate the importance of cell wall modification for quantitative stem rot resistance by responses in the phenylpropanoid metabolism generating distinct lignin types on different temporal scales.

scholarly journals Biochemical factors and enzymes governing resistance in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) against Sclerotinia stem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (36) ◽  
pp. 3295-3306
Author(s):  
Kishan Bairwa Shri ◽  
Lal Godara Shankar ◽  
Kumar Pardeep ◽  
Chand Bairwa Ramesh ◽  
Gangopadhyay Samiran
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot
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