Lignin composition and timing of cell wall lignification are involved in Brassica napus resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum stem rot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas von Tiedemann ◽  
Birger Koopmann ◽  
Kerstin Hoech
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Lignin Deposition

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is an economically and globally significant disease in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) caused by the necrotrophic ascomycete Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. This study explored the role of cell wall reinforcement by lignin as a relevant factor for effective plant defence against attack of this pathogen. Expression of key genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway and the induced synthesis of lignin in infected stem tissues were investigated in a study comparing a susceptible (Loras) and a moderately resistant cultivar (Zhongyou 821, ZY821). Data revealed an earlier and more rapid defence activation in ZY821 through up-regulation of transcript levels of genes related to key steps in the phenylpropanoid pathway associated with enhanced lignin deposition in the resistant B. napus genotype. Expression level of BnCAD5, encoding a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, responsible for conversion of monolignol to lignin, was more rapidly up-regulated in ZY821 than Loras. The similar expression pattern of BnCAD5 and the gene BnF5H, encoding for the ferulate-5-hydroxylase which catalyses the synthesis of syringyl (S) lignin precursors, suggests that BnCAD5 is involved in the S lignin formation. Histological observations confirmed these results, showing an earlier increase of S lignin deposition in the infected resistant genotype. Deposition of guaiacyl (G) lignin was detected in both genotypes and is thus considered a component of basal, cultivar-independent defence response of B. napus to stem rot. The results indicate the importance of cell wall modification for quantitative stem rot resistance by responses in the phenylpropanoid metabolism generating distinct lignin types on different temporal scales.

Identification of Brassica napus Lines with Partial Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Khot ◽  
V. N. Bilgi ◽  
L. E. del Río ◽  
C. A. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Research Studies

A collection of Brassica napus plant introduction (PI) lines was evaluated in a series of research trials to identify lines with resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causal agent of Sclerotinia stem rot of canola. Five PI lines (169080, 286418, 436554, 458940, and 633119) were identified that consistently had SSR resistance levels equal to or greater than the partially resistant check cultivar Hyola 357. In addition, two of these lines (436554 and 458940) were found to exhibit SSR field resistance levels similar to Hyola 357. The PI lines identified from our research studies could be used in canola breeding programs to develop cultivars with improved resistance to S. sclerotiorum. Accepted for publication 21 February 2011. Published 22 April 2011.

scholarly journals A Quantitative PCR System for Measuring Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Canola (Brassica napus)

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 984-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Ziesman ◽  
T. K. Turkington ◽  
U. Basu ◽  
S. E. Strelkov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Qpcr Assay ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Hydrolysis Probe

Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is an economically important disease of canola (Brassica napus) commonly managed by routine application of fungicides. Petal infestation has been demonstrated to be an important stage of the disease cycle in canola and has been the focus of previously developed Sclerotinia stem rot risk assessment methods. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis can provide a more rapid and accurate assessment of petal infestation levels. Primers and a hydrolysis probe were designed to amplify a 70-bp region of an S. sclerotiorum-specific gene, SS1G_00263. A hydrolysis probe-based qPCR assay was developed that had a detection limit of 8.0 × 10−4 ng of S. sclerotiorum DNA and only amplified S. sclerotiorum DNA. Evaluation of petals collected at five sampling points in each of 10 commercial canola fields on each of two sampling dates (corresponding to 20 to 30% bloom and 40 to 50% bloom) revealed S. sclerotiorum DNA infestation levels of 0 to 3.3 × 10−1 ng/petal. This qPCR assay can be used to reliably quantify petal infestation and, with further research, has the potential to serve as the basis for a Sclerotinia stem rot risk assessment tool or as a means to study Sclerotinia stem rot epidemiology.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Complex Molecular Mechanisms of Brassica napus–Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binjie Xu ◽  
Xi Gong ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Maolong Hu ◽  
Jiefu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Acid Pathway

Sclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating disease for many important crops worldwide, including Brassica napus. Although numerous studies have been performed on the gene expression changes in B. napus and S. sclerotiorum, knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms of B. napus–S. sclerotiorum interactions is limited. Here, we revealed the changes in the gene expression and related pathways in both B. napus and S. sclerotiorum during the sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) infection process using transcriptome analyses. In total, 1,986, 2,217, and 16,079 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in B. napus at 6, 24, and 48 h post-inoculation, respectively, whereas 1,511, 1,208, and 2,051 DEGs, respectively, were identified in S. sclerotiorum. The gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses showed that most of the hormone-signaling pathways in B. napus were enriched, and thus, the hormone contents at four stages were measured. The DEGs and hormone contents revealed that salicylic acid was activated, while the jasmonic acid pathway was repressed at 24 h post-inoculation. Additionally, the expressional patterns of the cell wall-degrading enzyme-encoding genes in S. sclerotiorum and the hydrolytic enzymes in B. napus were consistent with the SSR infection process. The results contribute to a better understanding of the interactions between B. napus and S. sclerotiorum and the development of future preventive measures against SSR.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Fungicides for Control of Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Canola

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1129-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Bradley ◽  
H. A. Lamey ◽  
G. J. Endres ◽  
R. A. Henson ◽  
B. K. Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), incited by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causes yield reductions to canola (Brassica napus) grown in North Dakota and Minnesota. Field trials were conducted in North Dakota and Minnesota from 2000 to 2004 to evaluate the effect of foliar fungicides on SSR and canola yield. Levels of SSR varied among years and location. In general, fungicides that consistently reduced SSR incidence compared with an untreated control were azoxystrobin, benomyl, boscalid, iprodione, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl, trifloxystrobin, and vinclozolin. Significant reductions in SSR incidence with fungicides did not always translate into differences in canola yield, however. Inconsistent results were observed with different timings of applications based on percent bloom. This indicates that application timing should be based on factors in addition to percent bloom.

Expression of field resistance under Western Australian conditions to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Chinese and Australian Brassica napus and Brassica juncea germplasm and its relation with stem diameter

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. X. Li ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
K. Sivasithamparam ◽  
T. D. Fu ◽  
Y. C. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Stem Lesion ◽  
Western Australian

Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, has become one of the most serious disease problems in oilseed rape-growing areas in Australia. Sources of resistance to this disease have been sought worldwide. In this study, germplasm comprising 42 Brassica napus and 12 Brassica juncea accessions from China and Australia, was screened for resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot under Western Australian field conditions. Resistance was confirmed in some germplasm from China and new sources of resistance were identified in germplasm from Australia. Furthermore, our study found that the severity of stem lesions was related to stem diameter and percentage of the host plants that were dead. It was evident that both stem lesion length and percentage of plant death were at the lowest level when the stem diameter was approximately 10 mm. Smaller or greater stem diameter resulted both in increased stem lesion length and plant death. Stem diameter may be a useful parameter in breeding cultivars of oilseed Brassicas with Sclerotinia resistance.

Prevalence of sclerotinia stem rot of canola in New South Wales

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Hind ◽  
G. J. Ash ◽  
G. M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stem Infection ◽  
South Wales

Surveys of petal infestation and stem infection conducted in 1998, 1999 and 2000 indicated that Sclerotinia sclerotiorum poses a threat to the Australian canola industry. Inoculum was present throughout all canola-growing regions of New South Wales and the stem disease was widespread throughout southern New South Wales. Percentage petal infestation increased over the 3 years surveyed with values ranging from 0 to 99.4%. The highest petal infestation values were observed in 2000 (maximum of 99.4%, mean of 82.2%), with lower mean values in 1998 (38.4%) and 1999 (49.6%). Stem infection ranged from 0 to 37.5% and most fields had less than 10% stem infection. Stem rot incidence before harvest did not relate to percentage petal infestation determined during flowering. This indicated that factors other than percentage petal infestation were important in influencing stem rot incidence. While there was no relationship between percentage petal infestation and stem rot incidence, stem infection never occurred without prior petal infestation.

scholarly journals Favorable Bioactivity of the SDHI Fungicide Benzovindiflupyr Against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Mycelial Growth, Sclerotial Production, and Myceliogenic and Carpogenic Germination of Sclerotia

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (7) ◽  
pp. 1613-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-ping Huang ◽  
Jian Luo ◽  
Yu-fei Song ◽  
Bei-xing Li ◽  
Wei Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Carpogenic Germination ◽  
Alternative Product ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
New Generation

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which can cause Sclerotinia stem rot, is a prevalent plant pathogen. This study aims to evaluate the application potential of benzovindiflupyr, a new generation of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), against S. sclerotiorum. In our study, 181 isolates collected from different crops (including eggplant [n = 34], cucumber [n = 27], tomato [n = 29], pepper [n = 35], pumpkin [n = 32], and kidney bean [n = 25]) in China were used to establish baseline sensitivity to benzovindiflupyr. The frequency distribution of the 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of benzovindiflupyr was a unimodal curve, with mean EC50 values of 0.0260 ± 0.011 μg/ml, and no significant differences in mean EC50 existed among the various crops (P > 0.99). Benzovindiflupyr can effectively inhibit mycelial growth, sclerotial production, sclerotial shape, and myceliogenic and carpogenic germination of the sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum. In addition, benzovindiflupyr showed good systemic translocation in eggplant. Using benzovindiflupyr at 100 μg/ml yielded efficacies of 71.3 and 80.5% for transverse activity and cross-layer activity, respectively, which were higher than those of acropetal and basipetal treatments (43.6 and 44.7%, respectively). Greenhouse experiments were then carried out at two experimental sites for verification. Applying benzovindiflupyr at 200 g a.i. ha−1 significantly reduced the disease incidence and severity of Sclerotinia stem rot. Overall, the results demonstrated that benzovindiflupyr is a potential alternative product to control Sclerotinia stem rot.

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