Symbiotic competence of rose clover (Trifolium hirtum All.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 802 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brockwell ◽  
N. A. Fettell ◽  
Alison M. Bowman ◽  
W. Smith ◽  
G. Sweeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Trifolium Hirtum ◽  
Intrinsic Characteristic

Rose clover (Trifolium hirtum All.) is a forage plant that is well adapted to acidic and mildly alkaline soils of low natural fertility in southern Australia and to climates with a winter-dominant annual rainfall of 300 mm and above. Reports of low concentrations of nitrogen in rose clover foliage have been attributed to poor N2 fixation and may have discouraged its use in Australia. This investigation, conducted in tube culture, examined the ability of four lines of rose clover to nodulate and fix N2 with effective strains of clover rhizobia (Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii) and with soils (as a source of naturalised rhizobia) collected from field sites in New South Wales and South Australia. Comparisons with other Trifolium spp. were also made. It was confirmed that there was a low concentration of N in the shoots of the rose clover cvv. SARDI Rose and Hykon. This occurred even where rose clover nodulated and fixed N2 effectively with well known inoculant strains of clover rhizobia and with soil samples collected in the field (provided that the populations of resident clover rhizobia in the soil were at least 150/g). Individual plants were uniform in response to inoculation. Rose clover cv. SARDI Rose was closely related to six of the nine other lines of clover with which it was compared. It was concluded that the registered cultivars of rose clover, cvv. SARDI Rose and Hykon, are symbiotically competent plants. It appears that low N in rose clover foliage is an intrinsic characteristic of the species unconnected with its symbiotic characteristics.

Competition between inoculant and naturalised Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii for nodulation of annual clovers in alkaline soils

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Denton ◽  
D. R. Coventry ◽  
P. J. Murphy ◽  
J. G. Howieson ◽  
W. D. Bellotti
Keyword(s):  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
South Australia ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nodule Occupancy ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Edaphic Conditions ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Inoculant rhizobia typically need to compete with naturalised soil populations of rhizobia to form legume nodules. We have used the polymerase chain reaction to test the ability of seed-inoculated rhizobia to compete with naturalised populations of rhizobia and form nodules on clover (Trifolium alexandrinum, T.�purpureum, and T. resupinatum) in alkaline soil. Clover rhizobia, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii, were identified at the strain level using either a nif-specific RP01 primer or ERIC primers. Analysis of rhizobia isolated from nodules indicated that strain TA1 competed poorly for nodule occupancy at 2 field sites (Roseworthy and Mallala, South Australia), with the exception that it nodulated T. alexandrinum at a level of 39% at the Roseworthy site in the first year of the trial. Strains CC2483g and WSM409 successfully colonised nodules when inoculated onto a particular clover species (T. resupinatum and T. purpureum, respectively) in the first year of inoculation and persisted in the soil to form nodules in the following year. Nodules frequently contained naturalised strains of rhizobia, distinct from introduced commercial strains. Dominant isolates were specific to a field site and nodulated all 3 clover species in both years of the field trial, with each isolate occupying up to 19% of the total nodules at a field site. It was hypothesised that field isolates had a better alkaline soil tolerance conferring a greater ability to nodulate clovers under these edaphic conditions. The results indicate that soil populations of rhizobia may provide a significant constraint to the introduction of current Australian commercial clover rhizobia into alkaline soils, and a more profitable strategy may be to seek rhizobial inoculants that are adapted to these soils.

In A Fix: Fixed-Term Parliaments in the Australian States

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-298
Author(s):  
Peter Congdon
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
South Wales

Constitutional systems of Westminster heritage are increasingly moving towards fixed-term parliaments to, amongst other things, prevent the Premier or Prime Minister opportunistically calling a ‘snap election’. Amongst the Australian states, qualified fixed-term parliaments currently exist in New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria. Queensland, Tasmania and Western Australia have also deliberated over whether to establish similar fixed-term parliaments. However, manner and form provisions in those states' constitutions entrench the Parliament's duration, Governor's Office and dissolution power. In Western Australia and Queensland, unlike Tasmania, such provisions are doubly entrenched. This article considers whether these entrenching provisions present legal obstacles to constitutional amendments establishing fixed-term parliaments in those two states. This involves examining whether laws fixing parliamentary terms fall within section 6 of the Australia Acts 1986 (Cth) & (UK). The article concludes by examining recent amendments to the Electoral Act 1907 (WA) designed to enable fixed election dates in Western Australia without requiring a successful referendum.

The Relation Between the Food of the Australian Barracouta, Thyrsites atun (Euphrasen), and Recent Fluctuations in the Fisheries

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Population Distribution ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
South Wales

The diet of surface-swimming Australian barracouta was studied from over 10,000 stomachs. The principal prey organisms in Bass Strait are the euphausiid Nyctiphanes australis Sars, the anchovy Engraulis australis (White), and young barracouta, in that order; and in eastern Tasmania Nyctiphanes, Engraulis, and the sprat Clupea bassensis McCulloch, in that order. The pilchard Sardinops neopilchardus (Steindachner) is not an important item of the diet in these regions although it is so in New South Wales, South Australia, and Western Australia. The jack mackerel Trachurus declivis Jenyns is a significant item in eastern Tasmania and New South Wales but not in Bass Strait. These and other features of the fish diet of the barracouta reflect actual availability of the various small fish species in the waters. Barracouta eat Nyctiphanes by herding them into dense masses (or finding them already concentrated) and swallowing them. The movements of the anchovy make it unavailable to Bass Strait and eastern Tasmanian barracouta for much of the summer and autumn period, when the barracouta are thus dependent upon Nyctiphanes for the bulk of their food. A close positive relationship between the availability of barracouta and Nyctiphanes might therefore be expected at those seasons. There is evidence of such a relationship between mean availability (catch per boat-month) of barracouta and mean percentage of barracouta stomachs containing Nyctiphanes, at those seasons, from year to year. For southern Victorian coastal waters both show a downward trend from 1948-49 to 1950-51 and then an upward trend to 1953-54; for eastern Tasmania both show a downward trend (for autumn only) from 1949-50 through 1952-53. The records of catch per boat-month furnish independent evidence that the main variations in this index were effects of availability (population distribution or behaviour) rather than abundance (population size), at least for southern Victoria. It is therefore considered that when scarcity of barracouta occurs in summer and autumn in the coastal fishing areas it may be due to scarcity of Nyctiphanes, forcing the fish to go offshore for this food which is known to be available there. This would take the fish out of range of the fishermen.

Mycosphaerella linicola. [Distribution map].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
New South ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Mycosphaerella linicola Naumov. Hosts: Flax (Linum usitatissimum) and other (Linum) spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Argentina, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Bulgaria, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Mexico, Morocco, New Zealand, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Russia (European), Russian Far East, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Tanzania, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, Scotland, USA, Arizona, California, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Texas, Wisconsin, Ukraine, Uruguay, Yugoslavia (former).

Monilochaetes infuscans. [Distribution map].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Monilochaetes infuscans Halsted ex Harter. Hosts: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe, Asia, China, Israel, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Hawaii, New Zealand, US Trust Terr., Europe, Portugal, Azores, North America, USA, South America, Argentina, Brazil.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi. [Distribution map].

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New York ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi (Sackett) Young, Dye & Wilkie. Hosts: Pea (Pisum sativum) and other Apiaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Asia, India, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Armenia, Kirghizistan, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, New Zealand, Europe, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Ukraine, Voronezh, Moldavia, Switzerland, UK, England, Yugoslavia, North America, Bermuda, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, New York, South America, Argentina, Colombia, Uruguay.

Ceratitis capitata. [Distribution map].

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Mainland Portugal ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
St Helena ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Diptera: Tephritidae. Hosts: polyphagous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Albania, Austria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Corsica, Mainland France, Greece, Crete, Mainland Greece, Italy, Mainland Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Montenegro, Portugal, Azores, Madeira, Mainland Portugal, Romania, Russia, Southern Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, Mainland Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine), Asia (China, Hubei, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Yemen), Africa (Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Comoros, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, St Helena, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), North America (Mexico, USA, California, Florida, Hawaii), Central America & Caribbean (Bermuda, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Alagoas, Amapa, Bahia, Ceara, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Tocantins, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Galapagos Islands, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia).

Dacus tryoni. [Distribution map].

1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Dacus tryoni[Bactrocera tryoni] (Frogg.) (Dipt., Trypetidae) (Queensland Fruit-fly) Hosts: Many deciduous and subtropical fruits. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria.

Listronotus bonariensis. [Distribution map].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Listronotus Bonariensis ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) Coleoptera: Curculionidae Attacks Lolium spp. and other pasture grasses and cereals. Information is given on the geographical distribution in SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, New Zealand.

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