Interception of light by the foliage of pure and mixed stands of pasture plants

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Brougham
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Mixed Stand ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Short Rotation

Relationships between light interception and leaf area in the regrowth of pure stands of short-rota,tion ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. x L. multiflorum Lam.), perennial ryegrass (L. perenne), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and a mixed stand of short-rotation ryegrass and white clover, were determined for cloudless conditions. The relationship between light penetration and elevation of the sun was also examined. The leaf area indices at which 95 per cent. of the incident light was intercepted about midday in midsummer mere as follows: short-rotation ryegrass, 7.1 ; perennial ryegrass, 7.1; timothy, 6.5; white clover, 3.5; and the mixed stand, 4.5. The percentage of incident light penetrating through the foliage on cloudless damp in summer changed considerably with time of day. The highest values were recorded at local noon and the lowest 2-3 hours after sunrise or before sunset. These results are attributed to the angle of incidence of the light, and suggest marked seasonal differences in the leaf area required to intercept 95 per cent. of the light. It is suggested that midwinter values are approximately one-half of mid-summer values. The results are discussed in relation to the light-intercepting capacities of the leaves of the different species, plant competition, and pasture management.

A Comparison between the effects of ryegrass and white clover on the iodine values and melting points of some depot fats of sheep

1967 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Shorland ◽  
Z. Czochanska ◽  
R. A. Barton ◽  
A. L. Rae
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Iodine Values

1. The mean iodine values and melting points of the fats from 16-month-old Romney wethers grazed on different pasture species including: perennial ryegrass or short-rotation ryegrass alone or admixed with white clover were as follows perinephric, i.v. 41.3-46.1, M.P. 47.7-49.4°C; omental, i.v. 43.2-47.4, M.P. 46.6-47.4°C; subcutaneous, i.v. 46.4-50.4, M.P. 44.2-46.0°C and 1. dorsi muscle, i.v. 57.5-60.3, M.P. 39.7-41.5°C. The iodine values were several units higher than those obtained previously (Shorland etal. 1962) for corresponding fats from mature Romney ewes.

Digestibility and voluntary intake measurements on regrowths of six Tasmanian pasture species

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (61) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Michell
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Pure Species ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Pure species swards of Trifolium repens (white clover cv. Grasslands Huia), Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass cv. Tasmanian No. I ) , Lolium perenne x L. multiflorum (short rotation ryegrass cv. Grasslands Manawa), Lolium perenne (long rotation ryegrass cv. Grasslands Ariki), Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot cv. Currie) and Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot cv. Grasslands Apanui) were mechanically cut in May, August, September-October, and November 1969, and January, March, May, and August 1970. The material from these cuts was artificially dried, and digestibilities and voluntary intakes measured using penned sheep. Overall, the digestibility and voluntary intake of white clover was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of any of the grasses, the digestibility of Apanui cocksfoot was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of the ryegrasses and there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) between the intakes of the various grasses. Under the management system used, the digestibility of the grasses remained relatively stable over the summer, autumn and winter, rose to a peak in early spring and fell in late spring after ear emergence. The digestibility of white clover remained high over the winter and early spring and declined slowly over the summer. The voluntary intakes of all the species were at their lowest levels in the winter, rose to a peak in the spring, fell in the late spring to a stable level over the summer, and fell again in the autumn. At any digestibility level, the intake of spring-summer cut pasture was approximately 20 per cent higher than that of winter cut pasture. The intake of autumn cut pasture was intermediate. The overall relation between intake (I) and digestibility (D) was I = 1.06D + 2.7 � 8.4 (P < 0.01). Within the spring-summer cuts, the relation was I = 1.01 D + 14.6 � 4.0 (P < 0.01) and within the winter cuts it was I = 1.08D - 5.9 � 4.1 (P < 0.01).

scholarly journals Milksolids production from cows grazing timothy/white clover in comparison with ryegrass pastures

2005 ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
N.A. Thomson ◽  
J.K. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Milk Components

Three experiments were conducted to compare milksolids (MS) production from cows grazing similar herbage allowances of timothy (Phleum pratense)/white clover (Trifolium repens) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium spp.) pastures. Two experiments were shortterm (2 weeks), one in spring 2000 (Experiment 1) and one in autumn 2001 (Experiment 2), and one longerterm (12 weeks) irrigated trial in summer/autumn 2002 (Experiment 3). In Experiment 1, the yield of all milk components; fat, protein, MS, casein and lactose, was greater from timothy/white clover than ryegrass, whereas in Experiment 2, the production of these components from timothy/white clover was less than from ryegrass. The protein content of timothy/white clover was greater than ryegrass in spring (P

Seasonal plasticity more important than population variability in effects on white clover architecture and productivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Nölke ◽  
Bettina Tonn ◽  
Johannes Isselstein
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Architectural Traits

Abstract Background and Aims The drivers of white clover (Trifolium repens) architecture and productivity are still imperfectly understood. Our aim was to investigate the impact of genetic background, neighbourhood and season on different architectural traits, clover and total biomass yield as well as the relationship between those traits and yield. Methods We grew eight white clover populations in pure stands and in mixed stands with contrasting mixture partners. Over four consecutive regrowth periods within one year, we measured trait sizes and determined clover and total yield amounts. Key Results The size of the architectural traits differed between populations and changed in response to neighbourhood and season. Population did not affect the sign and degree of those changes. Among the tested factors, season was by far the most important driver of white clover architecture, with the seasonal pattern notably differing between architectural traits. Clover and total yield were positively related to the architectural traits leaf area, petiole length, internode length and specific leaf area. Whereas the direction of the relationship was widely unaffected, its magnitude was clearly altered by neighbourhood and season. Conclusions Our results show that seasonal effects are the key for a deeper understanding of architecture of white clover individuals and to improve productivity of white clover communities.

Quantitative digestion of fresh herbage by sheep: IV. Protein synthesis in the stomach

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Ulyatt ◽  
J. C. Macrae ◽  
R. T. J. Clarke ◽  
P. D. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Protein ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Bacterial Protein Synthesis

SUMMARYThe proportions of bacterial and dietary protein entering the duodenum of sheep fed fresh herbage were assessed using 2,6-diaminopimelic acid as a marker. The herbages fed wereLolium perenneL., ‘Grasslands Ruanui’ perennial ryegrass;L. (perenne × multiflorum), ‘Grasslands Manawa’ short-rotation ryegrass;Trifolium repensL., ‘Grasslands 4700’ white clover.The dietary protein degraded in the stomach was approximately 70% for all herbages. The bacterial contribution to protein entering the duodenum was 43·1, 57·1 and 52·9% for Ruanui, Manawa and white clover respectively. Protein entering the duodenum contained only a small amount of protozoal protein.Bacterial protein synthesis in the stomach was different for all three herbages, averaging 16·2, 30·7 and 19·8 g/100 g organic matter apparently digested for Ruanui, Manawa and white clover respectively. It is suggested that the micro-organisms digesting Manawa synthesized protein more efficiently.

scholarly journals THE USE OF SHORT-ROTATION RYECRASS AT LINCOLN COLLEGE

1957 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
C.E. Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
College Farm ◽  
Lincoln College

Apart from pedigree white clover no pasture species has had more impact on the College farm than short-rotation ryegrass. Equally spectacular has been the decreasing dependence on swards based on perennial ryegrass.

N transfer from white clover to perennial ryegrass, via exudation of nitrogenous compounds

Agronomie ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Paynel ◽  
Jean Bernard Cliquet
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
N Transfer ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds

USE OF CELL AND MOLECULAR GENETIC MANIPULATION TO IMPROVE PASTURE PLANTS

1988 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
D.W.R. White
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Pest Resistance ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pasture Plants

Cell culture and genetic engineering techniques can be used to develop improved pasture plants. To utilise these methods we have developed procedures for regenerating plants from tissue cultures of perennial ryegrass and white clover. In both, the plant genotype influences regeneration capacity. There was significant genetic variation among regenerated perennial ryegrass plants in a wide range of characteristics. Most of the regenerants were resIstant to crown rust and this trait was highly heritable. This rust resistance is being used to breed a new ryegrass cultivar. A system for introducing cloned genes into white clover is described. This capability is bemg used to incorporate genes with the potential to improve nutritional quality and pest resistance. Other possibilities for engineering genetic improvements in white clover, genes conferring herbicide tolerance and resistance to white clover mosaic virus, are briefly outlined. Keywords: Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens, cell culture, somaclonal variation, crown rust resistance, transformation, cloned genes, nutritional quality, proteinase inhibitors, Bt toxins, pest resistance, WCMV viral cross-protection, herbicide tolerance, Agrobacterium, Bacillus thuringenisis.

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