Characterization of three strains of organophosphorus-resistant cattle ticks (Boophilus microplus) from Bajool, Tully and Ingham

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Roulston ◽  
CA Schuntner ◽  
HJ Schnitzerling ◽  
JT Wilson ◽  
RH Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Control Failures

Three new strains of organophosphorus-resistant cattle tick from central and northern Queensland named Bajool, Tully and Ingham are described. In dosage-mortality tests on larvae they all have relatively low levels of resistance but can be distinguished from one another and from other described strains. The levels of acetylcholinesterase activity in the three strains differ from those previously described, and all have enhanced ability to detoxify either coumaphos or chlorpyrifos or both. The Bajool strain came from a property reporting control difficulties with chlorpyrifos. Larvae were found to have a seven times increased resistance to chlorpyrifos, about 14% of the acetylcholinesterase activity present in the Yeerongpilly susceptible strain, and increased ability to detoxify chlorpyrifos. In spraying trials involving all parasitic stages, 0.025% chlorpyrifos produced mortalities of 92 and > 99% of the Bajool and Yeerongpilly strains respectively. The Tully strain came from a property using ethion, and the larvae had a six times increased reistance to ethion and coumaphos. The level of acetylcholinesterase activity was about 1.6 times that in the Yeerongpilly strain and the larvae had enhanced ability to detoxify coumaphos. Spraying trials with 0.075% ethion and 0.025% coumaphos produced mortalities of about 90 and > 99% in the Tully and Yeerongpilly strains respectively. The Ingham strain came from a property which had experienced control failures with coumaphos, clenpyrin and chlorpyrifos. The larvae had a four to five times increased resistance to coumaphos and chlorpyrifos, an acetylcholinesterase activity level 1.8 times as great as that of the Yeerongpilly strain, and enhanced detoxication of both chlorpyrifos and coumaphos. Spraying trials with the recommended concentrations of acaricides gave mortalities of 83% with chlorpyrifos, 78% with coumaphos and 93% with ethion compared with > 99% for the Yeerongpilly strain with each of these acaricides.

scholarly journals Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: expression and characterization of Bm86-CG in Pichia pastoris

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Casquero Cunha ◽  
Renato Andreotti ◽  
Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite
Keyword(s):  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Western Blot Assay ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Antibody Titers

The cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is responsible for great economic losses. It is mainly controlled chemically, with limitations regarding development of resistance to the chemicals. Vaccines may help control this parasite, thereby reducing tick pesticide use. In this light, we performed subcloning of the gene of the protein Bm86-GC, the homologue protein that currently forms the basis of vaccines (GavacTM and TickGardPLUS) that have been developed against cattle ticks. The subcloning was done in the pPIC9 expression vector, for transformation in the yeast Pichia pastoris. This protein was characterized by expression of the recombinant Mut+ strain, which expressed greater quantities of protein. The expressed protein (rBm86-CG) was recognized in the Western-blot assay using anti-Gavac, anti-TickGard, anti-larval extract and anti-rBm86-CG polyclonal sera. The serum produced in cattle vaccinated with the antigen CG rBm86 presented high antibody titers and recognized the native protein. The rBm86-GC has potential relevance as an immunogen for vaccine formulation against cattle ticks.

scholarly journals Characterization of the pyrethroid resistance profile of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)microplus populations from the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Cristina Mendes ◽  
Fernanda Calvo Duarte ◽  
João Ricardo Martins ◽  
Guilherme Marcondes Klafke ◽  
Leonardo Costa Fiorini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Cattle ticks Rhipicephalus(Boophilus) microplus are mainly controlled in Brazil by means of acaricide products, without any official policies in this regard. Acaricides continue to be sold indiscriminately, and this has contributed towards making the problem of resistance widespread, thus making diagnosis and monitoring of tick resistance essential. Here, bioassays (larval packet test) were performed on tick populations from the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Mato Grosso do Sul regarding their susceptibility to cypermethrin, deltamethrin and flumethrin. All the tick samples tested showed resistance to cypermethrin (10) (resistance factor (RF) ranging from 5.6 to 80.3) and deltamethrin (10) (RF ranging from 2.4 to 83.1). Six out of eight populations were resistant to flumethrin (RF ranging from 3.8 to 8.2). PCR molecular analyses did not show any T2134A mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene, in any of the sampled populations. The results from this study highlight the critical status of resistance of the cattle tick to synthetic pyrethroids in the regions studied. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed in the bioassays. This was the first detection of flumethrin resistance in Brazil.

scholarly journals The Absorption and Metabolism of [14c]Ddt in Ddt-Resistant and Susceptible Strains of the Cattle Tick Boophilus Microplus

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJ Sohnitzerling ◽  
WJ Roulston ◽  
CA Sohuntneb
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Female Cattle

Engorged female cattle ticks of a DDT -resistant strain absorbed [l4C]DDT at a rate similar to females of a DDT -susceptible strain, but larvae of the resistant strain absorbed it at a faster rate than susceptible larvae

scholarly journals Proteomics Approach to the Study of Cattle Tick Adaptation to White Tailed Deer

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Popara ◽  
Margarita Villar ◽  
Lourdes Mateos-Hernández ◽  
Isabel G. Fernández de Mera ◽  
José de la Fuente
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Tick Feeding ◽  
Blood Digestion ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Proteomics Approach ◽  
Single Host

Cattle ticks,Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, are a serious threat to animal health and production. Some ticks feed on a single host species while others such asR. microplusinfest multiple hosts. White tailed deer (WTD) play a role in the maintenance and expansion of cattle tick populations. However, cattle ticks fed on WTD show lower weight and reproductive performance when compared to ticks fed on cattle, suggesting the existence of host factors that affect tick feeding and reproduction. To elucidate these factors, a proteomics approach was used to characterize tick and host proteins inR. microplusticks fed on cattle and WTD. The results showed thatR. microplusticks fed on cattle have overrepresented tick proteins involved in blood digestion and reproduction when compared to ticks fed on WTD, while host proteins were differentially represented in ticks fed on cattle or WTD. Although a direct connection cannot be made between differentially represented tick and host proteins, these results suggested that differentially represented host proteins together with other host factors could be associated with higherR. microplustick feeding and reproduction observed in ticks fed on cattle.

scholarly journals In vitro activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides against engorged females of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Oliveira ◽  
Manoela da Silva ◽  
Lew Sprenger ◽  
Daniela Pedrassani
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Cattle Ticks

ABSTRACT: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, known as the cattle tick, is a cause of great economic losses for dairy cattle farming because of its high frequency of occurrence and the difficulty in controlling it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides extract on R. (B.) microplus. For this purpose, 125 females were selected and classified into five groups according to their weight, in order to ensure that the females used presented homogeneous weight. The treatments comprised 40 and 60% extracts of Chenopodium ambrosioides, distilled water, ethanol (70ºGL) and 12.5% amitraz. The extracts of C. ambrosioides (40 and 60%) showed effectiveness of 99.7 and 100% and higher percentages of dead females than the other treatments: 64 and 96%, respectively (p<0.001). In the groups exposed to distilled water and ethanol (70º GL), 92 and 88% of the females maintained oviposition. In the females exposed to 40 and 60% extracts, oviposition of 36 and 4% occurred, respectively. It was concluded that the extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides, at both concentration evaluated, had high efficiency against engorged females of cattle ticks.

scholarly journals Biological parameters of cattle ticks fed on rabbits

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alice Zacarias do Amaral ◽  
Márcia Cristina de Azevedo Prata ◽  
Erik Daemon ◽  
John Furlong
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Dorsal Region ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Successive Generations

With the objective of encouraging the use of rabbits as alternative hosts for the cattle tick, four rabbits were infested on the ears and back. From the second day of infestation the developmental stages were observed. e duration of larval engorgement and changes were estimated between six and eight days in the region of the back and between 've and seven days in the pinna. e nymphal engorgement and changes occurred at approximately 10.80 ± 2.65 days in the dorsal and 11.00 ± 2.52 days in the ear, with the engorgement of adults and copulation occurring at 7.03 ± 2.45 days, on the dorsal region and 8.55 ± 1.82 days in the region of the pinna. e parasitic period ranged from 21 to 29 days (back) and from 23 to 30 days (pinna). e engorged females of the back and ear weighed on average 34.43 ± 18.73 and 36.30 ± 18.10 mg, respectively. e nutritional and reproductive e/ciency indexes were 17.38 ± 14.27 and 26.85 ± 17.13% (back) and 17.42 ± 12.22% and 30.70 ± 19.80% (pinna). Although not appropriate to maintain successive generations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, rabbits can be used for di:erent stages of engorgement of the ixodid, allowing experimental studies.

Ecological observations on the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini)

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Snowball
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Tick Population ◽  
Parasitic Stage ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Low Levels

Studies were undertaken during 1948-1950 on Boophilus microplus under field conditions in southern Queensland to determine the duration of the non-parasitic stages, and to relate this information to tick incidence on cattle. In the area where the observations were made, the population of ticks on cattle is high in summer and autumn and low in minter and spring. Each week throughout the investigation engorged female ticks, freshly fallen from cattle, were placed in a pasture plot and their subsequent history recorded. Concurrently, observations were made on the changes in tick population on a dairy herd on an adjacent farm. Female ticks exposed on the plot between April and July produced virtually no progeny, and it is probable that the ticks in the pasture traversed by the dairy cattle exhibited a similar, though less severe, inhibition of reproduction. This failure to reproduce, combined with the dying out of larvae and protracted developmental periods of eggs, reduced to very low levels the larval population available to infest cattle during the months of August–October. Ticks exposed from late July to the following autumn produced progeny. There was a tendency for the progeny of ticks exposed in the late winter and early spring to hatch a t about the same time in the late spring, and this synchronous hatching was probably responsible for the 'spring rise' in tick population on cattle. It appears likely that the engorged female adults dropped in the early autumn represent the most important stage in the overwintering of the species in this area. Some of their larvae survive the adverse winter conditions, either in the free-living or the parasitic stage, and give rise to adults, which fall in the late winter and spring, and which in turn produce the larvae of the spring rise.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Dimethoate Resistance in the Mackay Strain of the Cattle Tick (Boophilus Microplus) in Australia

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
BF Stone ◽  
JT Wilson ◽  
Nerida J Youlton
Keyword(s):  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Autosomal Gene ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Test Cross ◽  
Phenotype Analysis ◽  
Reciprocal Crossing ◽  
F2 Progeny

Reciprocal crossing with a susceptible strain and phenotype analysis of F l , test cross, and F2 progeny for resistance showed that dimethoate resistance in the Mackay strain of the cattle tick Boophilus micro plus was due to an incompletely dominant autosomal gene.

Partial characterization of an atypical family I inorganic pyrophosphatase from cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

2012 ◽  
Vol 184 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 238-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evenilton P. Costa ◽  
Eldo Campos ◽  
Caroline P. de Andrade ◽  
Arnoldo R. Façanha ◽  
Luiz Saramago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Partial Characterization ◽  
Inorganic Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Cattle Tick

Observations on the sensory Physiology and Behaviour of larvae of the cattle tick, Boophilus Microplus (Can.) (Ixodidae).

1953 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Early Morning ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Sensory Physiology ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Skin Secretions

In larval cattle ticks the main sense organs which have been recognized are the eyes, Haller's organs, and the palpal organs; the four pairs of sensilla sagittiformia may also have a sensory function. Larvae were allowed to ascend supports simulating grass stalks and were tested for response to vibration, air currents, interrupted illumination, warm and moist objects, and odours from skin secretions of man and cattle. The strongest questing response was to the odours. Larvae which had been exposed to low humidities collected around and imbibed from drops of water. The main stimulus governing ascent of the grass blades appeared to be positive phototaxis to moderate light intensities. Larvae sheltered from direct sunlight. Larvae in the field were found to be more exposed in the early morning, often being at the tops of grass stalks. Measurements of light, air temperature, and humidity indicated that light intensity might govern this movement. This suggests that larval sampling in the pasture should take place in the first half of the morning. In a single series of observations, larvae which had hatched at the base of straws were observed to ascend them in the late afternoon. In a few experiments isolated larvae ascended artificial supports above the reach of a bovine host but groups were always found at heights within reach.

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