The occurrence of herbicide cross-resistance in a population of annual ryegrass, Lolium rigidum, resistant to diclofop-methyl

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Heap ◽  
R Knight
Keyword(s):  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Two Populations

A population of L. rigidum, which is known to have developed resistance to one of the diphenyl-ethertype of herbicides, diclofop-methyl, was tested for cross-resistance to three other herbicides of the same type, namely fluazifop-butyl, oxyfluorfen and the experimental herbicide CGA 82725. The population was also tested for cross-resistance to two sulfonylurea-type herbicides - chlorsulfuron and the experimental herbicide DPX-T6376. A population susceptible to diclofop-methyl was used as the controls in the tests. The two populations were treated with various rates of the herbicides during germination and at the two-leaf stage. The results show that the diclofop-methyl-resistant biotype was cross-resistant to fluazifop-butyl, CGA 82725, chlorsulfuron and DPX-T6376 but not to oxyfluorfen.

Alleviation of dormancy in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) seeds by hydration and after-ripening

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 968-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Gallagher ◽  
Kathryn J. Steadman ◽  
Andrew D. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Dormant Seed ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Two Populations

The effect of hydration (priming) treatment on dormancy release in annual ryegrass seeds from two populations was investigated. Hydration duration, number, and timing with respect to after-ripening were compared in an experiment involving 15 treatment regimens for 12 wk. Seeds were hydrated at 100% relative humidity for 0, 2, or 10 d at Weeks 1, 6, or 12 of after-ripening. Dormancy status was assessed after each hydration treatment by measuring seed germination at 12-hourly alternating 25/15 C (light/dark) periods using seeds directly from the hydration treatment and seeds subjected to 4 d postpriming desiccation. Seeds exposed to one or more hydration events during the 12 wk were less dormant than seeds that remained dry throughout after-ripening. The longer hydration of 10 d promoted greater dormancy loss than either a 2-d hydration or no hydration. For the seed lot that was most dormant at the start of the experiment, two or three rather than one hydration event or a hydration event earlier rather than later during after-ripening promoted greater dormancy release. These effects were not significant for the less-dormant seed lot. For both seed lots, the effect of a single hydration for 2 d at Week 1 or 6 of after-ripening was not manifested until the test at Week 12 of the experiment, suggesting that the hydration events alter the rate of dormancy release during subsequent after-ripening. A hydrothermal priming time model, usually used for modeling the effect of priming on germination rate of nondormant seeds, was successfully applied to dormancy release resulting from the hydration treatments.

scholarly journals Cross-Resistance to Herbicides in Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)

1990 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1180-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Matthews ◽  
Joseph A. M. Holtum ◽  
David R. Liljegren ◽  
Barbara Furness ◽  
Stephen B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides

Evaluating the double knockdown technique: sequence, application interval, and annual ryegrass growth stage

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine P. Borger ◽  
Abul Hashem
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
The Difference

Applying glyphosate followed by a mixture of paraquat + diquat in the same season for pre-planting weed control may reduce the risk of developing resistance to either herbicide. Glasshouse and field experiments at Merredin and Beverly, Western Australia, were conducted over 2 seasons to determine the best herbicide application sequence, growth stage of annual ryegrass at which to apply the 2 herbicides, and application time and interval to be allowed between applications for optimum control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.). Annual ryegrass plants were treated at 3 growth stages with either glyphosate 540 g a.i./ha alone, paraquat + diquat 250 g a.i./ha alone, glyphosate followed by paraquat + diquat 250 g a.i./ha, or paraquat + diquat 250 g a.i./ha followed by glyphosate 540 g a.i./ha (the double knockdown treatment). The herbicides were applied at different times of the day, with varied intervals between herbicides when applied in sequence. The glasshouse experiment showed that herbicides in sequence more effectively killed annual ryegrass plants at the 3–6-leaf stage than a single application of either herbicide. Field experiments showed that applying glyphosate followed by paraquat + diquat provided 98–100% control of annual ryegrass plants when applied at the 3- or 6-leaf stage in 2002 and at all 3 growth stages in 2003. Generally, the sequence of paraquat + diquat followed by glyphosate was less effective than the reverse sequence, although the difference was not large. Averaged over 2 seasons, herbicides in sequence were most effective when the first herbicide was applied at the 3- or 6-leaf stage of annual ryegrass. An interval of 2–10 days between applications of herbicides was more effective than 1 day or less. The application time did not significantly affect the efficacy of double knockdown herbicides on annual ryegrass plants under field conditions.

Herbicide Cross-Resistance in Annual Ryegrass(Lolium rigidum Gaud)

1990 ◽  
pp. 394-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Powles ◽  
J. A. M. Holtum ◽  
J. M. Matthews ◽  
D. R. Liljegren
Keyword(s):  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum

Variation in herbicide cross-resistance among populations of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) resistant to diclofop-methyl

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
IM Heap ◽  
R Knight
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Simple Manner ◽  
Spray Treatment

A population of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidurn), known to be susceptible to diclofop-methyl, and eleven populations known to be resistant to the herbicide, were evaluated for their cross-resistance to fluazifop-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl, sethoxydim, chlorsulfuron, glyphosate and propham, applied postemergence as a spray treatment. None of the populations were cross-resistant to glyphosate or propham. All the populations showed some level of cross-resistance to the other herbicides, but there was considerable variation between populations in this resistance. The variation could not be related in any simple manner to the origin of the populations in Australia, nor to their past histories of herbicide applications. The results indicate the complexity that will be faced in resolving the biochemistry and genetics of the phenomenon and the formulation of advice to farmers.

The effect of infestation by Lolium rigidum Gaud. (annual ryegrass) on the yield of wheat

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Smith ◽  
GRT Levick
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Yield Analysis ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Analysis Equation

The effect of ryegrass infestation on the grain yield of wheat was examined and related to a yield analysis equation. Up to the two-leaf stage, apparently through competition for nitrogen, the presence of ryegrass at quite a low density (450 plants per m²) reduced the capacity of wheat plants to produce laterals. Neither the later removal of ryegrass nor the addition of nitrogen overcame this setback. In fact, the results suggest that nitrogen addition would result in a further loss in yield, and that this would increase with increasing density of ryegrass. However, the presence of ryegrass up to the two-leaf stage did not affect grain number per head or grain size: such effects were entirely dependent on the presence of ryegrass during the reproductive stage.

scholarly journals Cross-Resistance to Herbicides in Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)

1991 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 1026-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. M. Holtum ◽  
John M. Matthews ◽  
Rainer E. Häusler ◽  
David R. Liljegren ◽  
Stephen B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides

scholarly journals Cross-Resistance to Herbicides in Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)

1991 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 1035-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer E. Häusler ◽  
Joseph A. M. Holtum ◽  
Stephen B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides

scholarly journals Cross-Resistance to Herbicides in Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)

1991 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1036-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Christopher ◽  
Stephen B. Powles ◽  
David R. Liljegren ◽  
Joseph A. M. Holtum
Keyword(s):  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides

scholarly journals Pollen Expression of Herbicide Target Site Resistance Genes in Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)

1993 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Richter ◽  
S. B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Target Site Resistance
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