Winter feed production and grain yield in mixtures of spring and winter wheats

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Davidson ◽  
DB Jones ◽  
KR Christian
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Early Start ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Short Season

The possibility of combining the early rapid growth of extreme spring (express) wheat cultivars with the high grain-producing ability of long-season types as a dual-purpose crop (fodder and grain) for the high-rainfall zone of E. Australia was investigated in an experiment at Canberra in 1985. Mixtures of cv. Sunset, an express wheat, and Isis, a winter wheat, in the proportions of 1:3, 1:1 and 3:1, were compared with 4 long-season and 2 short season wheat cultivars, oats and pastures (Lolium rigidum/Trifolium subterraneum with and without N fertilizer), all sown at the end of summer. Cereals and pastures were cut monthly from 3 different starting dates. Cereals were cut until their developing ears were above ground, and pastures were cut until the trial ended in Nov. In a 4th treatment, cereals were left uncut. An early start to cutting allowed all long-season wheats to be harvested several times for fodder, but in general the total amount harvested was greatest from the latest initial cutting date treatment. The greatest amount of DM harvested (9 t/ha) came from the express wheat Sunset and from Sunset/Isis mixtures, 2 t/ha more than from Isis alone. As well as producing considerably greater amounts of DM during winter, the Sunset/Isis mixtures yielded as much grain (3.4 t/ha from the latest initial cutting date treatment) as Isis alone. DM and grain yields of mixtures were stable across the range of ratios used. It was concluded that grazing of crops sown for winter feed in cool environments should be delayed as long as possible without endangering ears, thereby providing max. amounts of fodder and effectively smothering weeds. Under this regime, mixtures of express and winter wheats should provide at least as much feed as a pasture treated similarly. If cutting started early, both would be less productive, and the crop could be inferior to the pasture.

scholarly journals Pre-anthesis development of winter wheat and barley and relationships with grain yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosavljevic Milan ◽  
Momcolovic Vojislava ◽  
Maksimovic Ivana ◽  
Putnik-Delic Marina ◽  
Pržulj Novo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to improve understanding of (1) the effect of genotypic and environmental factors on pre-anthesis development and leaf appearance traits of barley and wheat; (2) the relationship of these factors with grain yield, and (3) the differences between these two crops across different environments/sowing dates. Therefore, trials with six two-row winter barley and six winter wheat cultivars were carried out in two successive growing seasons on four sowing dates. Our study showed that the observed traits varied between species, cultivars and sowing dates. In both growing seasons, biomass at anthesis and grain yield declined almost linearly by delaying the sowing date. There was no clear advantage in grain yield of wheat over barley under conditions of later sowing dates. Generally, barley produced more leaf and had shorter phyllochron than wheat. Both wheat and barley showed a similar relationship between grain yield and different pre-anthesis traits.

Influence of end-grazing forage residual and grazing management on lamb growth performance and crop yield from irrigated dual-purpose winter wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Miller ◽  
G. J. Dean ◽  
P. D. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Lamb Growth

The effects of end-grazing forage residual and continuous v. rotational grazing systems on prime lamb performance, grain yield and quality were examined in an irrigated dual-purpose winter wheat (cv. Mackellar) crop in Tasmania. The design was a two end-grazing residual (400 and 800 kg/ha of dry matter (DM) at Zadoks Growth Stage 30, Low and High respectively, 0.2 ha plots) × two grazing system (continuously, or rotationally grazed in four subplots) factorial, replicated three times. Mixed-sex, second-cross lambs [37 kg liveweight (LW), 2.5 body condition score, 45 kg DM/head initial feed allowance] grazed for a total of 46 days before removal. Initial feed availability was 1875 kg DM/ha, with final residuals of 520 ± 57 and 940 ± 70 kg DM/ha for the Low and High treatments respectively. Particularly for the Low residual, in vitro DM digestibility and crude protein at stem elongation were reduced (P < 0.05) by rotational compared with continuous grazing. The weekly lamb growth rate (g/day) during the first 5 weeks of grazing was linearly related to average weekly available DM in kg/ha (GR = 0.35 ± 0.041 × DM – 194 ± 49.0, P < 0.01, R2 = 0.56). Total LW produced (336 ± 11.7 kg/ha), and grain yield (6.9 ± 0.21 t/ha), protein (11.4%), screenings <2.2 mm (10.9%) and 100 grain weights (3.82 g DM) were not different between treatments. There were no advantages of rotational grazing compared with continuous grazing. Irrigated dual-purpose winter wheat can be continuously grazed by lambs up to a 500 kg DM/ha residual at stem elongation without compromising total LW produced, grain yields or grain quality.

scholarly journals Effect of two‐week heat stress during grain filling on stem reserves, senescence, and grain yield of European winter wheat cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 206 (6) ◽  
pp. 722-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried Schittenhelm ◽  
Tina Langkamp‐Wedde ◽  
Martin Kraft ◽  
Lorenz Kottmann ◽  
Katja Matschiner
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
European Winter Wheat ◽  
Stem Reserves

scholarly journals Principal component analysis for functional data on grain yield of winter wheat cultivars

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Krzyśko ◽  
Adriana Derejko ◽  
Tomasz Górecki ◽  
Edward Gacek
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Block Designs ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Testing Environments

Summary The aim of this paper is to present a statistical methodology to assess patterns of cultivars' adaptive response to agricultural environments (agroecosystems) on the basis of complete Genotype x Crop Management x Location x Year (GxMxLxY) data obtained from 3-year multi-location twofactor trials conducted within the framework of the Polish post-registration trials (PDOiR), with an illustration of the application and usefulness of this methodology in analyzing winter wheat grain yield. Producing specific varieties for each subregion of a target region, from widely adapted varieties, may exploit positive genotype x location (GL) interactions to increase crop yields. Experiments designed to examine combinations of environment (E), management practices (M) and cultivars (G) also provide evidence of the relative importance of each of these factors for yield improvement. The evidence shows that variation due to E far outweighs the variation of grain yield that can be attributed to M or G, or the interactions between these factors, and between these factors and E (Anderson, 2010). This statistical method involves the use of functional PCA and cluster analysis. A total of 24 cultivars were evaluated over 3 years in 20 environments using randomized incomplete split-block designs with two replications per trial. The methodology proved an efficient tool for the reliable classification of 24 winter wheat cultivars, distinguishing cultivar groups that exhibited homogeneous adaptive response to environments. It enables the identification of cultivars displaying wide or specific adaptation. The remaining cultivars were locally adapted to some testing environments, or some of them were not relatively adapted to the environments because they always yielded substantially below the environmental means. Performing earlier specific selection, or adopting distinct genetic bases for each agro-ecosystem, may further increase the advantage of specific breeding.

scholarly journals Grain yield response of some agronomy practices on contemporary common winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
M. Nankova ◽  
A. Atanasov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract. During 2014–2017, the influence of some main agronomy factors on the size of the resultant agronomic effect from their application to contemporary common winter wheat cultivars was investigated. The study was carried out in the experimental field (Haplic Chernozems soil type) of Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute – General Toshevo. The trial was designed by the split plot method, in four replications, on harvest area of 12m2. Cultivars Sadovo 1, Pryaspa, Kami, Kalina, Kiara, Kossara and Katarjina were grown after winter oilseed rape, spring pea, sunflower and grain maize at four levels of nutrition regime. The nutrition regime was differentiated depending on the previous crop. After spring pea, 30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha were used, and after the rest of the previous crops – 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha. With the exception of the check variant all fertilizer variants were against background fertilization with 60 kg P2O5/ha and 60 kg K2O/ha. The positive reaction from the complex interaction of the tested agronomy factors was best expressed in 2015 – 2409.2 kg/ha, while during the extremely unfavorable year 2016, the effect was only 628.2 kg/ha. The independent and combined action of the mineral fertilization and the year conditions had determining influence on the size of the agronomic effect (AE). The positive effect from the mineral fertilization on the values of AE was accompanied by slight differentiation between the tested fertilization norms. Within this study, the highest mean value of AE was determined after fertilization with N180P60K60 – 2274.2 kg/ha. The variation in the mean size of AE depending on the type of previous crop was high – from 900.6 kg/ha (pea) to 2031.2 kg/ha (oilseed rape). The applied agronomy practices caused differentiation in the mean values of AE according to the type of cultivar. The cultivars Kiara (1796.1 kg/ha) and Kalina (1704.5 kg/ha) were with the highest size of AE. They exceeded the AE values of the two standard cultivars Sadovo 1 and Pryaspa by 30.26% and 23.62%, respectively. Averaged for the research, it was found that AE was in positive statistically significant correlation with grain yield and its physical properties.

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