Grain Yield, Kernel Weight, and Disease Responses of Winter Wheat Cultivars to Chloride Fertilization

1994 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 891-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Engel ◽  
Joyce Eckhoff ◽  
Robert K. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

scholarly journals Allelic composition of the TaCwi-A1 and TaSus2-2В genes affecting grain weight in the collection of winter wheat cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-191
Author(s):  
Alena Anatolievna Famina ◽  
Sergey Victorovich Malyshev ◽  
Oksana Yurievna Urbanovich
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Cell Wall Invertase ◽  
High Association ◽  
Allelic Composition ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Sink Tissue

Abstract Grain yield is closely associated with kernel weight. Cell wall invertase (CWI) and sucrose synthase (SUS) are one of the most important enzymes for sink tissue development and carbon partition, and has a high association with kernel weight. Allellic composition of the TaCwi-A1 and TaSus2-2В loci was tested in 79 winter wheat cultivars using a co-dominant markers CWI21- CWI22, which amplified 404 or 402-bp and Sus2-185/589H2- Sus2-227/589L2, which amplified 423 or 381-bp fragments in different wheat accessions respectively. Some samples carried the mutation in the TaCwi-A1 locus that negatively affects thousand-kernel weight (TKW) were shown to have TKW higher than the cultivars and lines that do not have this mutation in their genomes and despite the significant differences in TKW (from 39,4 to 59,8 g), all investigated varieties possess Hap- L haplotype. It can be attributed to the fact that the TaCwi-A1 and TaSus2-2В are only two of the genes associated with kernel weight and its allelic composition analysis cannot explain all phenotypic variances.

scholarly journals Pre-anthesis development of winter wheat and barley and relationships with grain yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosavljevic Milan ◽  
Momcolovic Vojislava ◽  
Maksimovic Ivana ◽  
Putnik-Delic Marina ◽  
Pržulj Novo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to improve understanding of (1) the effect of genotypic and environmental factors on pre-anthesis development and leaf appearance traits of barley and wheat; (2) the relationship of these factors with grain yield, and (3) the differences between these two crops across different environments/sowing dates. Therefore, trials with six two-row winter barley and six winter wheat cultivars were carried out in two successive growing seasons on four sowing dates. Our study showed that the observed traits varied between species, cultivars and sowing dates. In both growing seasons, biomass at anthesis and grain yield declined almost linearly by delaying the sowing date. There was no clear advantage in grain yield of wheat over barley under conditions of later sowing dates. Generally, barley produced more leaf and had shorter phyllochron than wheat. Both wheat and barley showed a similar relationship between grain yield and different pre-anthesis traits.

scholarly journals Stability of quality traits in winter wheat cultivars

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 403-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mikulíková ◽  
Š. Masár ◽  
V. Horváthová ◽  
J. Kraic
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Better Than

We investigated the stability of 15 traits of quality in 45 winter wheat cultivars grown in two seasons in the Borovce locality of Slovakia. The gluten swelling, SDS test, starch content, α-amylase (α-AMS) activity, and volume weight were affected simultaneously by the cultivar, growing year, and the country of origin. Other traits were affected by only one or two of these factors. The English cultivars, when compared to the Slovak cultivars, demonstrated lower gluten swelling and volume weight, a higher α-AMS activity, and a longer vegetative period. We observed a higher α-AMS activity in the Czech, a lower starch content in the Austrian, and a longer vegetative period in the German cultivars. In the Hungarian cultivars, we detected a lower starch and a reduced amylose contents. The most stable quality traits in both growing years were identified in the Ilona (gluten swelling), Spartakus (SDS test), Cubus (falling number), Komfort (starch), GK Margit (amylose), GK Verecke (α-AMS), Saturnus (volume weight), and Vanda (thousand-kernel weight) cultivars. Other traits, such as protein, wet gluten, sedimentation index, grain hardness, grain weight per spike, grain yield, and duration of the vegetative period, were strongly affected by the environment (growing year). The foreign cultivars such as the Komfort (AUT), Saturnus (AUT), GK Rába (HUN), GK Csongrád (HUN), Silvius (AUT), GK Bagoly (HUN), and GK Forrás (HUN) were superior for growing in Slovakia. Each of them had more quality traits that were stable, comparable, and ultimately better than the control Slovak cultivars.

scholarly journals Effect of two‐week heat stress during grain filling on stem reserves, senescence, and grain yield of European winter wheat cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 206 (6) ◽  
pp. 722-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried Schittenhelm ◽  
Tina Langkamp‐Wedde ◽  
Martin Kraft ◽  
Lorenz Kottmann ◽  
Katja Matschiner
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
European Winter Wheat ◽  
Stem Reserves

scholarly journals Principal component analysis for functional data on grain yield of winter wheat cultivars

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Krzyśko ◽  
Adriana Derejko ◽  
Tomasz Górecki ◽  
Edward Gacek
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Block Designs ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Testing Environments

Summary The aim of this paper is to present a statistical methodology to assess patterns of cultivars' adaptive response to agricultural environments (agroecosystems) on the basis of complete Genotype x Crop Management x Location x Year (GxMxLxY) data obtained from 3-year multi-location twofactor trials conducted within the framework of the Polish post-registration trials (PDOiR), with an illustration of the application and usefulness of this methodology in analyzing winter wheat grain yield. Producing specific varieties for each subregion of a target region, from widely adapted varieties, may exploit positive genotype x location (GL) interactions to increase crop yields. Experiments designed to examine combinations of environment (E), management practices (M) and cultivars (G) also provide evidence of the relative importance of each of these factors for yield improvement. The evidence shows that variation due to E far outweighs the variation of grain yield that can be attributed to M or G, or the interactions between these factors, and between these factors and E (Anderson, 2010). This statistical method involves the use of functional PCA and cluster analysis. A total of 24 cultivars were evaluated over 3 years in 20 environments using randomized incomplete split-block designs with two replications per trial. The methodology proved an efficient tool for the reliable classification of 24 winter wheat cultivars, distinguishing cultivar groups that exhibited homogeneous adaptive response to environments. It enables the identification of cultivars displaying wide or specific adaptation. The remaining cultivars were locally adapted to some testing environments, or some of them were not relatively adapted to the environments because they always yielded substantially below the environmental means. Performing earlier specific selection, or adopting distinct genetic bases for each agro-ecosystem, may further increase the advantage of specific breeding.

scholarly journals Grain yield response of some agronomy practices on contemporary common winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
M. Nankova ◽  
A. Atanasov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract. During 2014–2017, the influence of some main agronomy factors on the size of the resultant agronomic effect from their application to contemporary common winter wheat cultivars was investigated. The study was carried out in the experimental field (Haplic Chernozems soil type) of Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute – General Toshevo. The trial was designed by the split plot method, in four replications, on harvest area of 12m2. Cultivars Sadovo 1, Pryaspa, Kami, Kalina, Kiara, Kossara and Katarjina were grown after winter oilseed rape, spring pea, sunflower and grain maize at four levels of nutrition regime. The nutrition regime was differentiated depending on the previous crop. After spring pea, 30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha were used, and after the rest of the previous crops – 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha. With the exception of the check variant all fertilizer variants were against background fertilization with 60 kg P2O5/ha and 60 kg K2O/ha. The positive reaction from the complex interaction of the tested agronomy factors was best expressed in 2015 – 2409.2 kg/ha, while during the extremely unfavorable year 2016, the effect was only 628.2 kg/ha. The independent and combined action of the mineral fertilization and the year conditions had determining influence on the size of the agronomic effect (AE). The positive effect from the mineral fertilization on the values of AE was accompanied by slight differentiation between the tested fertilization norms. Within this study, the highest mean value of AE was determined after fertilization with N180P60K60 – 2274.2 kg/ha. The variation in the mean size of AE depending on the type of previous crop was high – from 900.6 kg/ha (pea) to 2031.2 kg/ha (oilseed rape). The applied agronomy practices caused differentiation in the mean values of AE according to the type of cultivar. The cultivars Kiara (1796.1 kg/ha) and Kalina (1704.5 kg/ha) were with the highest size of AE. They exceeded the AE values of the two standard cultivars Sadovo 1 and Pryaspa by 30.26% and 23.62%, respectively. Averaged for the research, it was found that AE was in positive statistically significant correlation with grain yield and its physical properties.

scholarly journals Study on the Differences in the Responses of Different Winter Wheat Cultivars to Dry Hot Wind

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyan Kang ◽  
Zhangyan Le ◽  
Chunqiang Li ◽  
Liqin Dai ◽  
Chang Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

Abstract Dry hot wind is one of the main prevailing agro-meteorological disasters during the grain filling stage of winter wheat in Northern China. In this study, three major winter wheat cultivars, including Henong 6119 (HN6119), Gaoyou 5218 (GY5218), and Jimai 325 (JM325) in Hebei Province were selected to analyze their responses to dry hot wind. Under the combined conditions of field natural dry hot wind and artificially simulated dry hot wind experiments, we characterized the three cultivars’ physiological parameters as affected on the day with dry hot wind, and on the day before and after hot wind conditions. Comparative analysis of different correlations among the three cultivars’ physiological parameters toward dry hot wind showed that, during field nature dry hot wind conditions, HN6119 showed less water loss of leaves by reducing the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, while GY5218 and JM325 showed more water loss of leaves by increasing the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance of HN6119 were recovered during the recovery time after dry hot wind conditions, while these parameters of GY5218 and JM325 showed a continuous decreasing trend. During dry hot wind day, HN6119 showed significant positive correlation between physiological parameters, while GY5218 and JM325 showed poor correlation. The stress of severe dry hot wind on thousand kernel weight (TKW) of HN6119, GY5218 and JM325 is 0.01%, 3.51%, 3.57%, respectively. The stress of mild dry hot wind on thousand kernel weight (TKW) of HN6119, GY5218 and JM325 is 0.36%, 8.12%, 8.84%, respectively. In summary, HN6119 showed strong resistance to dry hot wind, followed by GY5218, and JM325; JM325 had the weakest resistance to dry hot wind.

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