The life-history and control of Hapatesus hirtus Candeze (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Victoria

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Horne ◽  
JA Horne
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Potato Crops

The incidence and life-history of potato wireworm, Hapatesus hirtus Candeze, in Victorian potato crops were studied, and insecticidal control measures assessed. Larval stages were present and active throughout the year. Ten larval instars were identified, probably requiring several years to complete development. Egg development occurred in October-November and the most likely timing of oviposition was December. The relative numbers of larval H. hirtus detected in soil samples, pre-planting baits and harvested tubers are presented. Baiting with halves of potatoes provided an efficient means of detecting areas likely to suffer wireworm damage. One formulation of chlorpyrifos ('Lorsban') was effective in reducing damage to, and larval numbers in, potatoes in field trials. The granular formulation of tefluthrin and the controlled release chlorpyrifos were not effective in protecting potato tubers.

THE LIFE CYCLE OF FASCIOLOIDES MAGNA (BASSI, 1875), THE LARGE LIVER FLUKE OF RUMINANTS, IN CANADA: WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE BIONOMICS OF THE LARVAL STAGES AND THE INTERMEDIATE HOSTS, PATHOLOGY OF FASCIOLOIDIASIS MAGNA, AND CONTROL MEASURES

1935 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Swales
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Fascioloides Magna ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

The life history of Fascioloides magna in Canada has been elucidated, the intermediate hosts being two fresh-water gastropods, Fossaria parva (Lea) and Stagnicola palustris nuttalliana (Lea). The morphology and bionomics of the egg and larval stages are described, particular attention being given to the nonparasitic stages. The ecology of the gastropod hosts in Canada is briefly described.A histopathological study of the lesion in definitive hosts reveals that this parasite in large Bovidae causes a severe tissue reaction. The lesion in these animals is generally in the form of a closed fibrous cyst from which eggs are unable to pass, and thus the life cycle cannot be completed. In Cervidae, the cavity in the liver is connected directly with the bile duct system, and there is a free egress of ova. From these facts it is inferred that this parasitic disease can only occur in the presence of Cervidae.Laboratory animals have been artificially infested with maritae, thus extending the host records of the trematode.A brief historical review, a summary of the present knowledge of distribution and definitive hosts affected, and a description of the control measures, are included.

The Euphausiidæ in the Neighbourhood of Plymouth. II. Nyctiphanes Couchii and Meganyctiphanes noruegica.

1925 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie V. Lebour
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Remaining Life ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Meganyctiphanes Norvegica

The present paper is a continuation of last year's work on the Euphausiidæ in the neighbourhood of Plymouth (Lebour, 1924), in which the early larval stages were described of Nyctiphanes Couchii, Meganyctiphanes norvegica and, less fully, those of Thysanoessa inermis and T. neglecta. These two last-named forms are reserved for a detailed description in another paper, only Nyctiphanes and Meganyctiphanes being dealt with here. The first paper described these as far as the last Calyptopis stages, and it was shown that they were much alike although perfectly distinct, especially as regards colour. The nauplii and metanauplii were easily distinguishable. The whole of the remaining life-history of Nyctiphanes Couchii has now been elucidated and also that of Meganyctiphanes norvegica, with the exception of a few late larval stages. The absence of these, however, does not materially affect our knowledge of its life-history.

scholarly journals Times to Key Events in the Course of Zika Infection and their Implications for Surveillance: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Lessler ◽  
Cassandra T. Ott ◽  
Andrea C. Carcelen ◽  
Jacob M. Konikoff ◽  
Joe Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Background Evidence suggests that Zika virus has driven a 10-fold increase in babies born with microcephaly in Brazil, prompting the WHO to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. However, little is known about the natural history of infection. These data are critical for implementation of surveillance and control measures such as protecting the blood supply. Methods We conducted a systematic review and pooled analysis to estimate the distribution of times from Zika infection to symptom onset, seroconversion, and viral clearance, and analyzed their implications for surveillance and blood supply safety. Results Based on 25 case reports, we estimate the median incubation period of Zika virus infection is 5.9 days (95% CI: 4.4-7.6), and that 95% of cases will develop symptoms by 11.1 days post-infection (95% CI: 7.6-18.0). On average seroconversion occurs 9.0 days (95% CI, 7.0-11.6) after infection, and virus is detectable in blood for 9.9 days (95% CI: 6.8-21.4). In 5% of cases detectable virus persists for over 18.9 days (95% CI: 12.6-79.5). The baseline (no screening) risk of a blood donation being infected with Zika increases by approximately 1 in 10,000 for every 1 per 100,000 person-days increase in Zika incidence. Symptom based screening reduces this by 7% (RR 0.93, 93% CI 0.86-0.99), and antibody screening by 29% (RR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.28-0.88). Conclusions Symptom or antibody-based surveillance can do little to reduce the risk of Zika contaminated blood donations. High incidence areas may consider PCR testing to identify lots safe for use in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Serological Investigations of Brucellosis in Cattle, Farmers and Veterinarians in the Kars District of Turkey

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Otlu ◽  
M. Sahin ◽  
H. I. Atabay ◽  
A. Unver
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

The prevalence of brucellosis was investigated in cattle, farmers and veterinarians in the Kars district of Turkey between 2004 - 2006. In order to achieve this, a total of 407 serum samples of cattle from 27 herds having history of abortions were examined for Brucella antibodies by RBPT and SAT. In addition, the sera collected from 246 farmers (130 males and 116 females) and 28 veterinarians in the same district were analysed serologically by RBPT, SAT and ELISA. Of the cattle sera analysed, 134 (32.92%) and 141 (34.64%) were determined as positive by RBPT and SAT, respectively. Thirty-two (13%), 35 (14.22%) and 44 (17.88%) of the farmers' sera were found positive for brucellosis by RBPT, SAT and ELISA, respectively. There was no significant difference between sexes for Brucella seropositivity. Of the 28 sera from veterinarians, 13 (46.42%) were positive by the three serological tests. The high prevalence of brucellosis both in cattle and humans suggests that brucellosis is common in this area. Preventive and control measures should be implemented and pursued more strictly to reduce and/or eradicate brucellosis from the area.

scholarly journals The biology of Limacina retroversa

1954 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clione Limacina

The Plymouth Fauna List contains records of two genera of pteropods, Limacina and Clione. Of the first, Limacina retroversa (Flem.) is by far the better-known species, apparently occurring regularly at Plymouth in large numbers in townettings from outside, and sometimes inside, the Sound. It breeds at Plymouth from June to August, and Lebour (1932) has given a detailed account of its breeding and larval stages and has discussed its role in the plankton. The second species of Limacina at Plymouth is lesueuri (d'Orbigny), which has been observed from time to time since 1906, when it was very common. The last record in the Fauna is off the Breakwater in 1920. Of the gymnosomatous pteropods, Clione limacina Phipps is the only species regularly occurring. Lebour (1931) has described the life history of this form, and mentions February to August as its months of greatest abundance. Its breeding season is June to August. Another gymnosome, tentatively referred to as Clionina longicauda, is reported by Russell (1936), and from the specimen department at Plymouth Laboratory the writer obtained some preserved specimens, not easily identifiable, of a Pneumodermopsis taken locally; its species is perhaps ciliata, recorded by Massy (1917) from the Irish Coast.

The larval stages of the Nematode Mermis nigrescens

Parasitology ◽  
1947 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Baylis
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
History Of

In a former paper (Baylis, 1944) an account was given of some observations on the life-history of Mermis nigrescens, and of its occurrence, naturally and experimentally, in earwigs (Forficula auricularia). As stated in that paper, the material then available did not seem to warrant an attempt to describe the larval development. Further material has now been obtained and studied, and it seems desirable to place on record some of the observations made, although many points still remain obscure.

Spatial sampling of insects, plant parts and insect attacks in the soil of potato crops

1993 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.N. Matthiessen ◽  
S.E. Learmonth
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Spatial Sampling ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Direct Assessment ◽  
African Black ◽  
Soil Insects ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Potato Crops

AbstractA method was devised for spatial sampling within the soil in potato crops where the soil insects African black beetle, Heteronychus arator (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and whitefringed weevil, Graphognathus leucoloma (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are pests. The number and position of potato plant parts, the soil insects, and their attacks on potatoes were defined within the hilled-up soil profile of sections of the planting rows. Neither potato tubers, nor insects nor insect attacks were uniformly distributed. Tubers occurred mainly in the middle of the hill, while the insects contrasted in their distribution in the soil. Most of the damaging H. arator adults and larvae occurred in upper middle areas; the damaging G. leucoloma larvae occurred deeper and were more damaging on the under-side of tubers. The method provides a means of simultaneously sampling soil insect populations in a crop and obtaining a direct assessment of their damage and the effectiveness of control measures.

scholarly journals The History of Rabies in Trinidad: Epidemiology and Control Measures

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Seetahal ◽  
Alexandra Vokaty ◽  
Christine Carrington ◽  
Abiodun Adesiyun ◽  
Ron Mahabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Almond Replant Disease and Its Management with Alternative Pre-Plant Soil Fumigation Treatments and Rootstocks

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 869-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Browne ◽  
J. H. Connell ◽  
S. M. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Replant Disease ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Conducive Soil

Trials were conducted in orchards near Chico, CA and microplots near Parlier, CA to examine symptoms and control measures for a replant disease (RD) on almond (Prunus dulcis). In the orchard trials, areas with a recent history of severe RD were cleared, given soil fumigation treatments in the fall, and replanted with almond trees on various rootstocks the following winter. The replants in nonfumigated soil developed severe RD (stunting, wilting, chlorosis, defoliation) by the following summer, while those in most fumigated treatments remained healthy. Trees in nonfumigated soil developed smaller trunk diameters and fewer healthy roots ≤1 mm diameter, compared with the healthy trees. Almond developed RD on all rootstocks evaluated (Marianna 2624, Lovell, and Nemaguard), but the trees on Marianna 2624 were the most severely affected. Pre-plant tree-site (spot) fumigation treatments with methyl bromide (MB), chloropicrin (CP), 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), 1,3-D + CP, iodomethane, and iodomethane + CP all prevented severe RD. Broadcast soil fumigation with CP also was effective, but broadcast MB and 1,3-D were ineffective. In microplots filled with RD-conducive soil, CP was more potent than MB for prevention of RD on Nemaguard peach. There was no association between nematodes and RD in orchard or microplot trials. The RD apparently was mediated by a biological agent(s) other than nematodes and can be prevented by appropriate fumigation with CP or other MB alternatives.

On the life history of Synthesiomyia nudiseta van der Wulp (Diptera, Muscidae), a myiasis-producing fly

Parasitology ◽  
1942 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Siddons ◽  
D. N. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Interesting Fact ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
History Of

Townsend (1935) has described the egg of Synthesiomyia nudiseta and recorded the interesting fact that the larva forms a cocoon. The larval stages and the puparium do not appear to have been described. That this species was not among the larvae of some unknown muscids described by Banks (1912) is evident from the figures of the-posterior spiracles. The present communication provides an account of all the early stages.

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