Leaf epidermal microcharacters of the Old World species of Lotus (Leguminosae: Loteae) and their systematic significance

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián A. Stenglein ◽  
Marta N. Colares ◽  
Ana M. Arambarri ◽  
María C. Novoa ◽  
Claudia E. Vizcaíno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Old World ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Phenetic Relationships ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Epidermal Features

Some perennial species of Lotus L. (Leguminosae: Loteae) from the Old World constitute an important forage resource. The epidermal microcharacters of 15 species belonging to the Old World Lotus angustissimus L., L. corniculatus L., L. creticus L. and L. peregrinus L. groups were described to compute the phenetic relationships, and to compare these results with previous classifications and phylogenetic hypotheses. Data on epidermal cells, stomata, stomatal indeces and trichomes were recorded and summarised in tables and illustrations. To test the taxonomic value of epidermal features and to establish the phenetic relationships, two numerical analyses were performed. Phenograms by the unweighted pair-group method (UPGMA) of clustering were generated. Results of the numerical analysis using a basic data matrix (15 operational taxonomic units × 15 epidermal characters) suggested that epidermal characteristics make it possible to establish species' and species groups' relationships; however, they were not totally coincident with previous classifications. An additional analysis using epidermal characters plus other morphological characters from leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds led to establish species' and species groups' relationships. Results generated by the latter analysis demonstrated that epidermal traits, together with other characters, are useful and informative for testing species clustering. Phenetic results coincide with earlier classifications and chromosome-number studies and accord well with a previous phylogenetic hypothesis in showing the close relationship among species of the Old World Lotus groups included in this study.

scholarly journals Hubungan Kekerabatan Kultivar Talas (Colocasia esculenta) Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi Organ Vegetatif (The Phenetic Relationship among Taro Cultivar (Colocasia esculenta) Based on Vegetative Morphological Characters)

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafsah Hafsah ◽  
Topik Hidayat ◽  
Kusdianti Kusdianti
Keyword(s):  
Computer Software ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Vegetative Characters

Abstrak   Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai hubungan kekerabatan pada delapan kultivar talas (Colocasia esculenta) berdasarkan karakter morfologi organ vegetatif. Kultivar-kultivar tersebut yakni talas kaliurang, burkok, bentul, bogor, sutra, kudo, lampung dan semir. Total karakter yang diamati berjumlah 35 karakter. Karakter-karakter tersebut kemudian dibuat skoring. Hasil skoring dianalisis dengan metode UPGMA (Unwight Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average) menggunakan program komputer PAUP versi 4.0b10 sehingga terbentuk fenogram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variasi morfologi organ vegetatif yang cukup tinggi. Dari seluruh karakter, hanya lima karakter yang tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan. Karakter tersebut yaitu bentuk daun dan ujung daun, rasio panjang terhadap lebar daun, pola tepi pelepah dan posisi dominan bentuk helai daun tua. Dari fenogram diketahui bahwa seluruh kultivar yang diamati membentuk dua kelompok utama. Kelompok pertama terdiri dari kaliurang, burkok, bentul, bogor, lampung dan sutra, yang membentuk tiga subkelompok. Kelompok kedua terdiri dari kudo dan semir. Hasil analisis fenetik menunjukkan kultivar bogor dan lampung merupakan dua kultivar yang sangat dekat hubungan kekerabatannya dengan nilai kesamaan sebesar 80%. Kata kunci : Colocasia esculenta, fenetik, kultivar, organ vegetatif Abstract This research was conducted to find out relationship on eight cultivars of taro (Colocasia esculanta) based on vegetative morphological characters. They were kaliurang, burkok, bentul, bogor, sutra, kudo, lampung and semir. Total characters observed were 35 characters and the scoring  was also performed. In order to form a phenogram, the scoring then were analyzed using computer software PAUP version 4.0b10, the UPGMA method (Unwight Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average). Results showed that morphological variation of vegetative characters are quite high. Of all the characters, only five characters that indicated any significant differences. These characters were leaves shape, leaves tip shape, length-width leaves ratio, midrib leaves, and dominant position of the old leaves. From the phenogram, it was known that all cultivars observed were form into two main groups. The first group consists of kaliurang, burkok, bentul, bogor, lampung and sutra, which formed three subgroups. The second group consists of kudo and semir. The results of the phenetic analysis showed the cultivar bogor and lampung are two cultivars that are very close relationship ties with the similarity value of 80%. Keywords : Colocasia esculenta , phenetic, cultivars, vegetative

A cladistic analysis of the Old World species of Lotus L. (Fabaceae: Loteae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M Arambarri
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
World Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Species Phylogeny ◽  
The World

The diagnostic characters of the genus Lotus L. are a claw with a thickened infolded margin, diadelphous stamens, and a style hardened from the base. This genus contains about 100 species that are distributed throughout the world. To investigate the phylogeny of the Old World species of Lotus, subgenus Edentolotus, sections Krokeria, Xantholotus, and Erythrolotus, a cladistic analysis was performed using 31 morphological characters. To test the phylogenetic relationships among species of Lotus-Edentolotus and Dorycnium, Pedrosia, and Tetragonolobus, these taxa were included as part of the ingroup. The polarity of the characters was based on the outgroup comparison method, using Anthyllis as one outgroup and Tripodion as another. The analysis with Anthyllis as outgroup yielded eight equally parsimonious trees (with all characters equally weighted), each with 62 steps, a consistency index of 0.53, and a retention index of 0.75. All trees (including the strict consensus tree from the eight initial trees) showed that genus Lotus, subgenus Edentolotus, and sections Xantholotus and Erythrolotus are polyphyletic, with only section Krokeria appearing as monophyletic. On the other hand, the groups of species Lotus angustissimus, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus creticus, and Lotus peregrinus are monophyletic. Identical results were derived from the data matrix using Tripodion as the outgroup. Results are compared with previous cytogenetic and biochemical evidence.Key words: cladistic analysis, Fabaceae, Loteae, Lotus, Old World species, phylogeny.

Numerical taxonomy contributes to delimitation of Iranian and Turkish Hesperis L. (Brassicaceae) species

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 367 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATENA ESLAMI FAROUJI ◽  
HAMED KHODAYARI ◽  
MOSTAFA ASSADI ◽  
BARIŞ ÖZÜDOĞRU ◽  
ÖZLEM ÇETIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Morphological Descriptors ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Species Circumscription ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Brassicaceae Species

Taxonomic descriptions of Iranian and Turkish Hesperis (Brassicaceae) species are generally insufficient and partly incomplete, which makes the species delimitation ambiguous. In order to clarify species circumscription, we scored 57 morphological descriptors (MDs) in 121 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of Hesperis from Iran and Turkey and performed a multivariate analysis. The dendrogram was created from Gower’s distance matrix using Unweighted Pair Group Method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) algorithm. The dendrogram clearly separates the 121 OTUs of Hesperis into five main phenons, which significantly deviate from the classical taxonomic treatment (sectional assignments) of the genus. Similar distinct delineation among the five phenons was revealed by a Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA), highlighting the resolving power of the multivariate analyses of quantitative and qualitative morphological characters. While there were significant variations among the OTUs for 57 MDs, the most distinctive morphological descriptors delimiting the phenons were estimated to be fruit, petal, stem, and leaf by a de-trended correspondence analysis (DCA). We also present a comparative discussion between the classical taxonomy and the delimitation of taxa revealed in our study.

Towards a phylogeny of Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae). Is morphology alone sufficient to reconstruct the genealogical relationship?

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjørn Ekrem
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Chironomid Species ◽  
Genealogical Relationship ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Male Pupa

AbstractA phylogenetic analysis of species potentially belonging to the Tanytarsus eminulus, gregarius, mendax and lugens species groups is performed using morphological characters from the adult male, pupa and larva. The results show that morphological characters do not support the postulated monophyly of the eminulus, gregarius, lugens and mendax group combined in unweighted parsimony analyses, and that a constraint based on unique synapomorphies and evidence from molecular data have to be used in order to produce cladograms with reasonable topologies. Four reasons for this are discussed: Few taxa, few characters, choice of secondary outgroup taxa and a high amount of homoplasy in the data set. A hierarchial analysis procedure is used to avoid the numerous question marks in the complete data matrix. In the preferred tree, the traditional species groups within Tanytarsus are kept, and one new species group, the mcmillani group, comprising only old Gondwanan species is erected. The results are compared to other recent studies on chironomid species relationships, and comments are given to the zoogeographical patterns of the species in the eminulus, gregarius, lugens, mcmillani and mendax species groups.

scholarly journals Blueberry Cultivar Identification Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and Sequence-characterized Amplified Region Markers

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1483-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Hee Cho ◽  
Seo Jun Park ◽  
Su Jin Kim ◽  
Se Hee Kim ◽  
Han Chan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
The United States ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Polymorphic Band ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Scar Markers ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Pair Group

Blueberry cultivars have traditionally been identified based on the evaluation of sets of morphological characters; however, distinguishing closely related cultivars remains difficult. In the present study, we developed DNA markers for the genetic fingerprinting of 45 blueberry cultivars, including 31 cultivars introduced from the United States Department of Agriculture. We obtained 210 random amplified of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers using 43 different primers. The number of polymorphic bands ranged from three (OPG-10 and OPQ-04) to eight (OPR-16), with an average of five. A cluster analysis performed with the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages produced genetic similarity values among the blueberry cultivars ranging from 0.53 to 0.85, with an average similarity of 0.68. A dendrogram clustered the 45 blueberry cultivars into two main clusters, with a similarity value of 0.65. Cluster I consisted of four rabbiteye cultivars (Pink Lemonade, Alapaha, Titan, and Vernon) and the Ashworth northern highbush cultivar. Cluster II consisted of 31 northern highbush cultivars, eight southern highbush blueberry cultivars, and Northland half-highbush blueberry cultivar. Fifty five RAPD fragments selected were sequenced to develop sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, resulting in the successful conversion of 16 of 55 fragments into SCAR markers. An amplified polymorphic band has the same size as the RAPD fragment or smaller according to the primer combinations in the 16 SCAR markers. Among these markers, a combination of 11 SCAR markers provided sufficient polymorphisms to distinguish the blueberry cultivars investigated in this study. These newly developed markers could be a fast and reliable tool to identify blueberry cultivars.

scholarly journals Variation and Phenetic Relationship of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) In Central Java and Yogyakarta Based on Morphological Characters

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Agung Dwi Santoso ◽  
Purnomo Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Leaf Venation ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Micromorphological Characters

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a plant used as a mixture of cigarettes, and recreational media especially for men. This study aimed to identify variations, and determine the relationship between tobacco cultivars in Central Java and Yogyakarta based on macromorphological and micromorphological characters. Sampling locations are determined by surveying locations in both regions. Tobacco samples found include 5 cultivars in Central Java namely 'Mantili', 'Uler Magetan', 'Garut', ‘Gober Boyolali’, 'Manila', and 3 cultivars in Yogyakarta namely 'Siluk', 'Java', and 'Virginia'. Characterization with 23 qualitative macromorphological characters including leaves, and stems, with 9 qualitative and quantitative micromorphological characters including trichome and stomata. Descriptive data analysis is done to obtain the typical character of each cultivar, followed by numerical analysis including scoring characters processed with MVSP (Multi Variate Statistical Package), clustering with UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Averages), and calculation of similarity coefficients with Simple matching formula. The results showed variations in the macromorphological characters including the shape of the leaf lamina, the base of the leaf, the absence of leaf stalks, and type of leaf venation. Tobacco has anisositic stomata, and varies in terms of length, width, and density of stomata. Tobacco trichomes are glandular. The result dendrograms form two clusters (A and B) with the similarity index of each cluster above 0.80. Cultivars with close relationships such as 'Siluk'-'Java', and far relationship like 'Java'-'Manila'.

Taxonomy of the New World species of Lotus (Leguminosae: Loteae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Arambarri ◽  
Sebastián A. Stenglein ◽  
Marta N. Colares ◽  
María C. Novoa
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
Numerical Taxonomic Study ◽  
Reproductive Characters

The aims of the present study were to elucidate the relationships of the New World Lotus species groups, subgenera Acmispon Raf. (sections Microlotus Benth. and Simpeteria Ottley), Hosackia Benth. and Syrmatium Vog., and to compare these results with previous classifications and recent morphological and molecular phylogenetic hypotheses. A numerical taxonomic study using unweighted pair-group arithmetic average clustering was performed. The phenogram was generated from 34 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) × 41 characters (four vegetative characters and the basic chromosome numbers, 16 epidermal traits and 20 reproductive characters). The epidermal microcharacters (epidermal cells, stomata, stomatal index and trichomes) are described and summarised for 18 species of Hosackia and Syrmatium, and the remaining characters were derived from the literature. Phenetic results resolved four groups of species which coincide with the new genera Acmispon, Hosackia Douglas ex Benth., Ottleya D.D.Sokoloff and Syrmatium proposed, having taken into consideration the most recent morphological and phylogenetic hypotheses.

Taxonomic revision of the water scavenger beetle genus Sternolophus Solier, 1834 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4282 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIVA NASSERZADEH ◽  
ALBRECHT KOMAREK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Nomen Dubium ◽  
Species Groups

The Old World water scavenger beetle genus Sternolophus Solier is revised. Six new species are described: Sternolophus acutipenis sp. n., S. insulanus sp. n., S. jaechi sp. n., S. mandelai sp. n., S. prominolobus sp. n. and S. solitarius sp. n. Three taxa are reinstated as valid species: Sternolophus angustatus (Boheman), S. elongatus Schaufuss and S. mundus (Boheman). The subgenera within the genus are rejected and Neosternolophus Zaitzev syn. n. is synonymized with Sternolophus s. str. Lectotypes are designated for Hydrophilus angolensis Erichson, H. angustatus, H. rufipes Fabricius, Sternolophus brachyacanthus Régimbart, S. comoriensis Fairmaire, S. elongatus, S. frater Schaufuss, and S. rufipes var. foveoliceps Kolbe. On the basis of similar morphological characters, two species-groups are proposed for some of the species within the genus: The angolensis group including S. angolensis, S. inconspicuus (Nietner), S. mundus, and S. solitarius, and the solieri group including S. angustatus, S. elongatus, S. mandelai, S. rufipes Fabricius, and S. solieri Castelnau. Sternolophus unicolor (Castelnau) is considered a nomen dubium. Male genitalia and other diagnostic morphological characters are illustrated, and distribution maps are presented for all 17 species. 

A numerical taxonomic study of the Mallophagan genera Cummingsiella (=Quadraceps),Saemundssonia (Ischnocera: Philopteridae), and Austromenopon (Amblycera: Menoponidae) from alcids (Aves: Charadriiformes) of the northwest Atlantic with reference to host–parasite relationships

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1788-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldon S. Eveleigh ◽  
Hiroshi Amano
Keyword(s):  
Principal Axis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
Phenetic Relationships ◽  
Principal Axis Factor Analysis ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Numerical Taxonomic Study ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Principal Axis Factor

Specimens of Cummingsiella, Saemundssonia, and Austromenopon recovered from the alcids of the northwest Atlantic were analyzed using the techniques of numerical taxonomy. Twenty-one morphological characters common to both sexes plus four genital characters in the males were measured and used in the analyses. Principal axis factor analysis (PAFA) and four clustering techniques were used to determine the phenetic relationships at various taxonomic levels.The results supported the familial and generic classifications established by conventional taxonomists. The diagnostic value of genital characters at generic and specific levels were evaluated. The results from the analysis of each genus are presented and compared with existing classifications. With the exception of Austromenopon, the species groups formed within each genus were very similar for both sexes. Host–parasite relationships based on parasite interrelationships were investigated.

Genomic variation and relationships in aerial yam (Dioscorea bulbifera L.) detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Ramser ◽  
Kurt Weising ◽  
Günter Kahl ◽  
Cristina López-Peralta ◽  
Rainer Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Cesium Chloride ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Binary Character ◽  
Dioscorea Bulbifera

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess intraspecific variability and relationships in aerial yam (Dioscorea bulbifera L.). A total of 23 accessions from different geographic locations in Africa, Asia, and Polynesia were analyzed by 10 arbitrarily chosen GC-rich decamer primers. Using cesium chloride purified genomic template DNA, highly reproducible polymorphic fingerprints were generated by all 10 primers, resulting in a total of 375 informative characters. Only eight bands were monomorphic among all investigated accessions. A binary character matrix was generated by scoring for presence/absence of a band at a particular position, transformed into a matrix of pairwise distances using either the Jaccard or a simple matching coefficient, and analyzed by neighbour joining, UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averaging) cluster analysis, or split decomposition. All methods of data evaluation resulted in similar groupings that reflected the geographical origin of the samples. The African accessions formed a distinct isolated group, whereas Asian and Polynesian accessions proved to be more heterogeneous. With two exceptions (var. suavior and var. sativa), the RAPD data supported previous varietal classification based on morphological characters. Stepwise reduction of the number of evaluated characters did not affect branching patterns of the trees above a minimum threshold of 150. Key words : Dioscorea bulbifera, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), genetic variation, genetic relatedness.

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