Variation and Phenetic Relationship of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)  In Central Java and Yogyakarta Based on Morphological Characters

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a plant used as a mixture of cigarettes, and recreational media especially for men. This study aimed to identify variations, and determine the relationship between tobacco cultivars in Central Java and Yogyakarta based on macromorphological and micromorphological characters. Sampling locations are determined by surveying locations in both regions. Tobacco samples found include 5 cultivars in Central Java namely 'Mantili', 'Uler Magetan', 'Garut', ‘Gober Boyolali’, 'Manila', and 3 cultivars in Yogyakarta namely 'Siluk', 'Java', and 'Virginia'. Characterization with 23 qualitative macromorphological characters including leaves, and stems, with 9 qualitative and quantitative micromorphological characters including trichome and stomata. Descriptive data analysis is done to obtain the typical character of each cultivar, followed by numerical analysis including scoring characters processed with MVSP (Multi Variate Statistical Package), clustering with UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Averages), and calculation of similarity coefficients with Simple matching formula. The results showed variations in the macromorphological characters including the shape of the leaf lamina, the base of the leaf, the absence of leaf stalks, and type of leaf venation. Tobacco has anisositic stomata, and varies in terms of length, width, and density of stomata. Tobacco trichomes are glandular. The result dendrograms form two clusters (A and B) with the similarity index of each cluster above 0.80. Cultivars with close relationships such as 'Siluk'-'Java', and far relationship like 'Java'-'Manila'.

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Bamboo Diversity in Indrokilo Botanical Garden, Central Java

Buletin Plasma Nutfah ◽

10.21082/blpn.v27n1.2021.p57-70 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Baiq Farhatul Wahidah ◽

I Putu Gede P. Damayanto ◽

Sri Mulyani

Keyword(s):

Scientific Information ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Similarity Analysis ◽

Bamboo Species ◽

Similarity Coefficients ◽

Botanical Gardens ◽

Identification Keys ◽

Central Java

<p>The efforts of Bamboo conservation have been conducted by botanical gardens in Indonesia, including the Indrokilo Botanical Garden, Central Java. Scientific information regarding the bamboo collection of the Indrokilo Botanical Garden, however, is not yet available. This study aimed to determine the diversity of the species, as well as, to provide a synopsis and the similarity analysis of the bamboo species in the Indrokilo Botanical Garden. Exploration and collection of bamboo specimens have been carried out by the Indrokilo Botanical Garden. Processing and identification of the specimens were carried out at Herbarium Bogoriense. A total of 27 morphological characters were used for similarity analysis using the UPGMA method with Nei & Li similarity coefficients. The data were analyzed descriptively. There are seven species of bamboo in the Indrokilo Botanical Garden: Bambusa glaucophylla, B. lako, B. multiplex, B. vulgaris, Dendrocalamus sp., Guadua cf. angustifolia, and Schizostachyum sp. A synopsis of the bamboo species and their identification keys to the species were provided. Based on the similarity analysis, bamboo in the Indrokilo Botanical Garden consists of five groups at a similarity index of 70%. The diversity of bamboo species in the Indrokilo Botanical Garden is relatively low compared to some botanical gardens in Indonesia.</p>

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The Genetic Variations And Relationship of Madura Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Based on Molecular Characteristics

Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.22146/ijbiotech.10582 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

Fitri Nadifah ◽

Budi Setiadi Daryono

Keyword(s):

Nicotiana Tabacum ◽

Genetic Similarity ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Group Method ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Pair Group ◽

Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽

New Genotype ◽

Analysis System ◽

Relationship Of

Madura has at least 22 genotypes of local tobaccos (Nicotiana tabacum L.). This diversity could potentially produce new genotype of tobaccos with superior characters. However, information of the genetic diversity of Madura tobaccos is still limited. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic variation and relationship of 24 genotypes of Madura tobaccos with Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. In this research we were used 6 single primers for amplification: (OPA-18, OPB-12, OPB-14, OPC-1, OPC-8 and OPC-19) and 2 mixture primers ((OPB-12+OPC-8) and (OPC-1+OPC-19)). Genetic similarity and clustering was analyzed with Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic (UPGMA) method with Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System (NTSYS) version 2.10 software. From this research we found that OPA18425, OPB12450, OPC8500, (OPC19+OPC1)550 and OPC8800 can be used as specific markers. Polymorphic bands percentage with mixture primers was relatively equal with single primers (<60%). The dendogram showed that Madura tobacco genotypes consist of 2 main clusters: cluster A (22 genotypes) and cluster B (2 genotypes: Bukabu Sa’ang and Prancak-95). Madura tobaccos had high genetic similarity between genotypes ranging from 0.80-1.00.

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Genetic diversity in table grapes based on RAPD and microsatellite markers

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2011000900010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (9) ◽

pp. 1035-1044 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Patrícia Coelho de Souza Leão ◽

Sérgio Yoshimitsu Motoike

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Table Grape ◽

Group Method ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Table Grapes ◽

Pair Group

The objective of this work was to analyze the genetic diversity of 47 table grape accessions, from the grapevine germplasm bank of Embrapa Semiárido, using 20 RAPD and seven microsatellite markers. Genetic distances between pairs of accessions were obtained based on Jaccard's similarity index for RAPD data and on the arithmetic complement of the weighted index for microsatellite data. The groups were formed according to the Tocher's cluster analysis and to the unweighted pair‑group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The microsatellite markers were more efficient than the RAPD ones in the identification of genetic relationships. Information on the genetic distance, based on molecular characteristics and coupled with the cultivar agronomic performance, allowed for the recommendation of parents for crossings, in order to obtain superior hybrids in segregating populations for the table grape breeding program of Embrapa Semiárido.

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Assessment of Genetic Relationships among Philodendron Cultivars Using AFLP Markers

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.129.5.0690 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 129 (5) ◽

pp. 690-697 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pachanoor S. Devanand ◽

Jianjun Chen ◽

Richard J. Henny ◽

Chih-Cheng T. Chao

Keyword(s):

Genetic Similarity ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Aflp Markers ◽

Group Method ◽

Limited Information ◽

Similarity Coefficients ◽

Arithmetic Average ◽

Ornamental Foliage Plants ◽

Pair Group

Philodendrons (Philodendron Schott) are among the most popular tropical ornamental foliage plants used for interior decoration. However, limited information is available on the genetic relationships among popular Philodendron species and cultivars. This study analyzed genetic similarity of 43 cultivars across 15 species using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers with near infrared fluorescence labeled primers. Forty-eight EcoR I + 2/Mse I + 3 primer set combinations were screened, from which six primer sets were selected and used in this investigation. Each selected primer set generated 96 to 130 scorable fragments. A total of 664 AFLP fragments were detected, of which 424 (64%) were polymorphic. All cultivars were clearly differentiated by their AFLP fingerprints, and the relationships were analyzed using the unweighted pair-group method of arithmetic average cluster analysis (UPGMA) and principal coordinated analysis (PCA). The 43 cultivars were divided into five clusters. Cluster I comprises eight cultivars with arborescent growth style. Cluster II has only one cultivar, `Goeldii'. There are 16 cultivars in cluster III, and most of them are self-heading interspecific hybrids originated from R.H. McColley's breeding program in Apopka, Fla. Cluster IV contains 13 cultivars that exhibit semi-vining growth style. Cluster V has five cultivars that are true vining in morphology, and they have lowest genetic similarity with philodendrons in other clusters. Cultivated philodendrons are generally genetically diverse except the self-heading hybrids in cluster III that were mainly developed using self-heading and semi-vining species as parents. Seven hybrid cultivars have Jaccard's similarity coefficients of 0.88 or higher, suggesting that future hybrid development needs to select parents with diverse genetic backgrounds.

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Numerical taxonomy contributes to delimitation of Iranian and Turkish Hesperis L. (Brassicaceae) species

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.367.2.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 367 (2) ◽

pp. 101 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

ATENA ESLAMI FAROUJI ◽

HAMED KHODAYARI ◽

MOSTAFA ASSADI ◽

BARIŞ ÖZÜDOĞRU ◽

ÖZLEM ÇETIN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Distance Matrix ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Group Method ◽

Morphological Descriptors ◽

Operational Taxonomic Units ◽

Pair Group ◽

Species Circumscription ◽

Taxonomic Descriptions ◽

Brassicaceae Species

Taxonomic descriptions of Iranian and Turkish Hesperis (Brassicaceae) species are generally insufficient and partly incomplete, which makes the species delimitation ambiguous. In order to clarify species circumscription, we scored 57 morphological descriptors (MDs) in 121 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of Hesperis from Iran and Turkey and performed a multivariate analysis. The dendrogram was created from Gower’s distance matrix using Unweighted Pair Group Method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) algorithm. The dendrogram clearly separates the 121 OTUs of Hesperis into five main phenons, which significantly deviate from the classical taxonomic treatment (sectional assignments) of the genus. Similar distinct delineation among the five phenons was revealed by a Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA), highlighting the resolving power of the multivariate analyses of quantitative and qualitative morphological characters. While there were significant variations among the OTUs for 57 MDs, the most distinctive morphological descriptors delimiting the phenons were estimated to be fruit, petal, stem, and leaf by a de-trended correspondence analysis (DCA). We also present a comparative discussion between the classical taxonomy and the delimitation of taxa revealed in our study.

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The Diversity And Classification Of Intraspecies Of Gembolo (Dioscorea Bulbifera L.) Based On Morphological Character

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20187304022 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 04022

Author(s):

Andri Prasetia ◽

Purnomo ◽

Budi Setiadi

Keyword(s):

Morphological Character ◽

Leaf Shape ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Pair Group ◽

Group I ◽

Dioscorea Bulbifera ◽

Phenetic Relationship ◽

Special Region

Gembolo (Dioscorea bulbifera L.) is a dioecious, annual, herbaceous, climbing plants and has heart-shaped leaves. Gembolo has aerial tubers (bulbil) and main tuber that has irregular shapes, as well as many rough roots at the base of the stem. The purpose of this research is to know the phenetic relationship of the germplasm of Gembolo in Special Region of Yogyakarta based on morphological character. The results of this study are expected to provide information on intraspecies diversity, phenetic relationship and Gembolo distribution. Gembolo plant samples were taken from D.I Yogyakarta. The sample was observed based on the difference of morphological character, so the number of accessions obtained from D.I Yogyakarta could be determined. Morphological characters would be described and characterized to determine the Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU’s). Based on morphological character data, then the grouping analysis was done by grouping analysis method and the dendrogram was formed by the method of Unweighted Pair Group Methods using Arithmetic averages (UPGMA) using Multivariate Statistical Program (MVSP) software version 3.1pc. The results showed that gembolo had morphological variation in tuber shape, stem color, leaf shape, leaf base shape and leaf tip shape. Based on the morphological characters, 2 main groups with the value of similarity index of 62,8% was formed. Group I consisted of four accessions with a similarity value of 85%. Group II consisted of eight accessions with a similarity value of 75%. A high similarity based on the morphological character on gembolo accession caused the gembolo plants in Special Region of Yogyakarta did not vary.

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Blueberry Cultivar Identification Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and Sequence-characterized Amplified Region Markers

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci12105-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (11) ◽

pp. 1483-1489 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kang Hee Cho ◽

Seo Jun Park ◽

Su Jin Kim ◽

Se Hee Kim ◽

Han Chan Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

The United States ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Polymorphic Band ◽

Group Method ◽

Highbush Blueberry ◽

United States Department ◽

Scar Markers ◽

Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽

Pair Group

Blueberry cultivars have traditionally been identified based on the evaluation of sets of morphological characters; however, distinguishing closely related cultivars remains difficult. In the present study, we developed DNA markers for the genetic fingerprinting of 45 blueberry cultivars, including 31 cultivars introduced from the United States Department of Agriculture. We obtained 210 random amplified of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers using 43 different primers. The number of polymorphic bands ranged from three (OPG-10 and OPQ-04) to eight (OPR-16), with an average of five. A cluster analysis performed with the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages produced genetic similarity values among the blueberry cultivars ranging from 0.53 to 0.85, with an average similarity of 0.68. A dendrogram clustered the 45 blueberry cultivars into two main clusters, with a similarity value of 0.65. Cluster I consisted of four rabbiteye cultivars (Pink Lemonade, Alapaha, Titan, and Vernon) and the Ashworth northern highbush cultivar. Cluster II consisted of 31 northern highbush cultivars, eight southern highbush blueberry cultivars, and Northland half-highbush blueberry cultivar. Fifty five RAPD fragments selected were sequenced to develop sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, resulting in the successful conversion of 16 of 55 fragments into SCAR markers. An amplified polymorphic band has the same size as the RAPD fragment or smaller according to the primer combinations in the 16 SCAR markers. Among these markers, a combination of 11 SCAR markers provided sufficient polymorphisms to distinguish the blueberry cultivars investigated in this study. These newly developed markers could be a fast and reliable tool to identify blueberry cultivars.

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Assessment of genetic diversity and differentiation of Elymus nutans indigenous to Qinghai–Tibet Plateau using simple sequence repeats markers

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2013-062 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 93 (6) ◽

pp. 1089-1096 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Shiyong Chen ◽

Xinquan Zhang ◽

Xiao Ma ◽

Linkai Huang

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Simple Sequence Repeats ◽

Tibet Plateau ◽

Group Method ◽

Similarity Coefficients ◽

Arithmetic Average ◽

Pair Group ◽

Elymus Nutans ◽

Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽

Simple Sequence

Chen, S., Zhang, X., Ma, X. and Huang, L. 2013. Assessment of genetic diversity and differentiation of Elymus nutans indigenous to Qinghai–Tibet Plateau using simple sequence repeats markers. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1089–1096. Elymus nutans Griseb., an important alpine forage grass, is widely distributed in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. A total of 50 E. nutans accessions from the eastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau were analyzed using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers from wheat and Elymus species. Our results show that a total of 144 reliable bands were generated, of which 132 (91.38%) were found to be polymorphic. Nei-Li's genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.515 to 0.870 with an average of 0.719, which shows a high level of genetic diversity and a broad genetic base among accessions. There was a low correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance (r=0.121, P=0.088) in the region, which is consistent with the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average cluster analysis of accessions. The mountain ridges and river valleys in the eastern Qinghai–Tibet region could serve as genetic barriers for pollinator movement and seed dispersal. The rule of the most genetic diversity at medium altitude of E. nutans in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau was also validated in the study. The implications of these results for the conservation of E. nutans are discussed.

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Field Efficacy of Nicotiana tabacum L. var Virginia Extract against Coffee Borer Beetle (Hypothenemus hampei) Attacking Coffee Berries in Plantation Area

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2020/8898063 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Andre Fahriz Perdana Harahap ◽

Ahmad Fauzantoro ◽

Haryuni Haryuni ◽

Tyas Sumarah Koernia Dewi ◽

Endang Suprapti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nicotiana Tabacum ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Hypothenemus Hampei ◽

Coffee Plantation ◽

Control Field ◽

Robusta Coffee ◽

Central Java ◽

Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽

Field Efficacy

The extract of Nicotiana tabacum L. var Virginia origin of Ponorogo (EHRE-Nt) was applied under field conditions against the coffee borer beetle Hypothenemus hampei (CBB). Three extract formulations containing 150, 300, and 450 ml of EHRE-Nt in 100 liters of water were prepared and sprayed on 0.5 hectares each. A nontreatment was applied as a control on 0.5 hectares of plantation. The intensity of the CBB attacks was observed for six weeks on a Robusta coffee plantation in the Kalibening area, South Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. An extract formulation containing 450 ml of EHRE-Nt resulted in the lowest intensity of CBB attacks from weeks one to six (1.6% to 2.2%). The attacks of the control field were 11.3% to 13.5%. The highest efficacy level of 85.4% was obtained with the 450 ml EHRE-Nt formulation. These results demonstrate that EHRE-Nt has potential as a bioinsecticide for coffee berries from CBB attacks.

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Genetic diversity among INERA-Mulungu (DR Congo) Musa spp. germplasm and their relatedness to those in Tanzania using numerical taxonomy

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262112000354 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 50-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. B. Nzawele ◽

C. L. Rweyemamu ◽

A. P. Maerere

Keyword(s):

Democratic Republic ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽

Arithmetic Mean ◽

Group Method ◽

Similarity Coefficients ◽

Dr Congo ◽

Pair Group ◽

Data Points ◽

Southern Highland

Bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) constitute staple food for over 20 million people in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Since 1960, DRC is considered as a secondary centre of plantain diversification with few unknown accessions kept in the INERA-Mulungu genebank. Through similarity coefficients, cluster (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean, single, complete, sequential, agglomerative, hierarchical and nested design/clustering procedure) and/or multivariate analyses, numerical morpho-taxonomy has established that this diversity is composed of 37 different accessions. Each accession expressed 98 characters among the 401 possible character states, thus providing 39,298 feature patterns (data points). The 98 characters included 32 vegetative and 66 male and female inflorescences. The accessions were clustered into three genomic groups (AAA, AAB and AABB). Subjective classification ascertained nine subgroups: AAB-Silk, AAB-Pome, AAB-Plantain, AABB-Pisang Awak, AAA-Cavendish, AAA-Ibota, AAA-Gros Michel, AAA-Green-Red and AAA-Lujugira-Mutika. Three subgroups were further divided into nine clone sets which consisted of: Dwarf and Giant Cavendish, French and Horn Plantains, and Musakala, Nfuuka, Nakitembe, Nakabululu and Beer/Mbidde within Lujugira-Mutika. Numerical morpho-taxonomy effectively indicated a relationship between the DRC and Tanzania's Musa diversity. For example, the accessions ‘Kamaramasengi’ and ‘Isangi’ were found to be similar to ‘Kisukari’ (AAB-Silk) and ‘Ngego I’ (AAB-French) common in the Tanzanian Southern Highland. Likewise, the accessions Kimalindi-fupi, Kimalindi-ndefu and Jamaica of Tanzania were duplicates of Bakurura (Kigurube), Cavendish of Butuza and Gros Michel in DRC, respectively. Moreover, numerical morpho-taxonomy confirmed the pedigree of AAB-Prata (Cibwalo) in FHIA 17 and FHIA 23 and the closeness of the ancestors of Yangambi Km5 and Gros Michel. Furthermore, numerical morpho-taxonomy established AA-Mshale malembo as one of the AAA-Lujugira-Mutika parents. Molecular investigations are finally required to confirm the genomes.

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