Epidermal Structure and Stomatal Ontogeny in Zornia Gmel

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Kannabiran
Keyword(s):  
Basal Part ◽  
Ovary Wall ◽  
Epidermal Structure ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Dual Origin ◽  
Narrow Base ◽  
Outer Epidermis ◽  
Stomatal Ontogeny

Epidermal structure and development of stomata were studied in the vegetative and fioral organs of Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. and Z. zeylonensis Pers. Most of the intercostal cells in leaflet, stipule, and bract are large-sized mucilaginous idioblasts. The swollen base of the idioblast compresses the basal part of the adjacent subsidiary or ordinary cell, which hence has a narrow base in contrast to that of the idioblast. Para-mesogenous, aniso-, and tetra-mesoperigenous stomata occur in all organs of the above species. In addition, the outer epidermis of the ovary wall shows aperigenous (anomocytic) stomata. Stomata of the first three types are dolabrate, irrespective of their mesogenous or mesoperigenous development. These types are related, the differences between them depending on the nature of the placement of the second wall of the meristemoid. The present study lends support to an earlier contention that anomocytic (aperigenous) stomata may result from suppression of the divisions of the meristemoid of paracytic type. It is suggested that stomata flanked by two lateral, parallel, meso- genous subsidiaries which do not meet each other at least at one pole (incomplete), should be termed aniso- or tetra-mesoperigenous according to the total number of subsidiary cells of dual origin.

Stomatal ontogeny of the vegetative and floral organs of some Papilionaceae

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
GL Shah ◽  
BV Gopal
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Subsidiary Cell ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Stomatal Ontogeny

The structure and development of stomata on the vegetative and floral organs of Vigna unguiculata Walp., and the vegetative organs of Phaseolus radiatus L. and P. aconitifolius Jacq. are described. Paracytic, anisocytic, and anomocytic stomata are present on the same surface of different organs of the plants investigated except on the stem and petiole of V. unguiculata, the bract of P. radiatus, and the petiole, stipule, and stipel of P. aconitifolius where the last type is absent. Stomata with only one subsidiary cell are found on the leaf, petiole, sepal, and petal of V. unguiculata. Diacytic stomata occur on the stipel of P. radiatus and the stem, stipule, and stipel of P. aconitifolius. Paracytic stomata are by far the commonest on each organ. The frequency of different types of stomata on different organs in the plants investigated is tabulated. The ontogeny of different kinds of stomata on each organ is mesogenous, but the perigenous type may be found on the petal and pericarp of V. unguiculata and the stipule of P. radiatus. The variation in stomata is due to: (a) a diversity in stomatal types even on the same surface, and (b) an increase in the number of subsidiary cells. The subsidiary cells divide, or additional subsidiary cells are derived from adjacent epidermal cells. The present study also supports the inclusion of the species concerned in the tribe Phaseolae.

Epidermal structure and ontogeny of stomata in vegetative and floral organs of Hibiscus rosasinensis L

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Inamdar ◽  
AJ Chohan
Keyword(s):  
Guard Cells ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Epidermal Structure ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Outer Epidermis

The epidermal structure and ontogeny of stomata in vegetative and floral organs of Hibiscus rosasinensis are described. The epidermal cells are polygonal isodiametric or elongated and arranged irregularly or parallel to the long axis. The anticlinal walls of the epidermis are thick, straight, arched, or rarely sinuous. The surface of the cuticle shows parallel striations radiating from the guard cells or hair bases. Six types of glandular and eglandular trichomes have been noticed. The mature stomata are anisocytic, paracytic, or anomocytic. The development of anisocytic and paracytic stomata is of the mesogenous or syndetocheilic type. The ontogeny of anomocytic stomata conforms to the perigenous or haplocheilic type. The three types of stomata occur on all the vegetative and floral organs of this plant except the anther wall and the outer epidermis of the carpel. The developmental modes are constant from organ to organ within the same plant.

Morphologie, structure et ontogénie des nectaires floraux de l’Ailanthus glandulosa

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 818-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard Bory ◽  
Danielle Clair-Maczulajtys
Keyword(s):  
Apical Part ◽  
Basal Part ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Nectariferous Tissue ◽  
Number Of Cells

Staminate and hermaphroditic flowers show an hypogynous disc which is composed of two separate parts, an apical and a basal part. These histologic zones should be considered as nectaries. They differ by their position, their shape, and the content and state of differentiation of their cells. Basal nectaries are not vascularized but phloem bundles reach the tip of the disc. Initiation of nectariferous tissue occurs after that of the floral parts. The basal nectaries appear first but the number of cells still increases during the formation of the apical part of the disc. Both basal and apical nectaries have a superficial origin. Numerous anomocytic stomata are present especially on the surface of the apical nectaries; they are rounded and keep their stomatal pores open. On basal nectaries, however, they occur much less frequently.

Epidermal Structure and Stomatal Ontogeny of Anemia Spp.

1972 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. PANT ◽  
P. K. KHARE
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Structure ◽  
Stomatal Ontogeny

scholarly journals Micromorphology of glandular structures in Echium vulgare L. flowers

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Mirosława Chwil
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Lower Region ◽  
Small Column ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Cuticular Ornamentation ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Glandular Structures

The micromorphology of selected elements of <i>Echium vulgare</i> L. flowers was investigated, with special attention to the structure of the nectaries and the stigma of the pistil as well as types of trichomes occurring on the surface of the calyx. The nectary had the shape of an uneven disc located around the lower region of the four-parted ovary of the pistil. The glandular cells formed a tier with a height of 330 μm and a radial width of 144 μm. Nectar was secreted onto the nectary surface through anomocytic stomata located at the level of other epidermal cells. Most of the stomata were open, with a different dimension of the pore. Their largest number was observed at the base of the nectary, and 462 stomata were noted on the whole surface of the nectary. The cuticle on the surface of the guard cells formed fine, circular striae. The subsidiary cells formed striated cuticular ornamentation, with the striae arranged radially in the direction of the stoma, whereas on the surface of other epidermal cells the striae formed an arrangement with different directions. The epidermis on the surface of the stigma formed regularly arranged papillae with a fan-shaped, expanded upper part which had corrugated outer walls, whereas the base of the cell formed a widened small column. The epidermis of the abaxial part of the calyx was covered by numerous non-glandular trichomes of different length which were made up of one or several cells. The glandular trichomes in the epidermis of the calyx grew with smaller density compared to the protective trichomes, and they were composed of a 1-2-celled stalk and a glandular head.

Leafy shoots and pollen cones of conifers from the Middle Jurassic deposits of the Irkutsk Coal Basin

Palaeobotany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 5-27
Author(s):  
N. V. Nosova ◽  
A. I. Kiritchkova ◽  
E. I. Kostina
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Epidermal Structure ◽  
Stomatal Complexes ◽  
Leafy Shoots ◽  
Irkutsk Coal Basin ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Pollen Cone

Among the numerous remains of the Jurassic conifers in the Irkutsk Coal Basin, several types of leafy shoots are distinguished. One type is characterized by the leaves with numerous veins. These remains were described as Podozamites irkutensis N. Nosova et Kiritch. (Nosova et al., 2017). The leaves of other types have a midvein. These leafy shoots are attributed to several taxa: Marskea sp. nov. (in press), Elatocladus falcatus (Heer) Prynada, E. heeriana N. Nosova et Kiritch., sp. nov., Elatocladus sp. and Pagiophyllum sp. Elatocladus falcatus (Heer) Prynada, 1962 (=Elatides falcata Heer, 1976) was described from the deposits of the lower subformation of the Prisayan Formation (the Aalenian) of the Ust’-Baley locality. An epidermal structure of the Elatocladus falcatus leaves is unknown. Here we designate the lectotype for E. falcatus. We have studied the leaf epidermal structure of the leafy shoots from the upper subformation of the Prisayan Formation (the Aalenian-Bajocian) in the localities Topka and Vladimirovka. Based on the morphological and epidermal features, we describe a new species Elatocladus heeriana. The shoots of E. heeriana have with helically arranged leaves. The leaves are sessile and dorsoventrally flattened, linear, lanceolate to falcate, with the tip curving toward the apex of the stem, with the broad and decurrent base and acute apex. The leaves are hypostomatic. They are characterized by straight to undulating anticlinal cell walls of the abaxial epidermis near the leaf edge and base. Stomata are arranged in two narrow bands, orientated transversely to irregularly. Subsidiary cells of the stomatal complexes are without papillae. Rare fragments of the Pagiophyllum sp. shoots were found in the deposits of the upper subformation of the Prisayan Formation (the Aalenian–Bajocian) in the localities Olkha and Vladimirovka. Their leaves are falcate, with a median keel on the abaxial side. The bad preservation of the cuticle did not allow us to study the epidermal pattern in details. Stomata are arranged in the bands, orientated irregularly. Subsidiary cells of the stomatal complexes are without papillae. One pollen cone (microstrobilus), attached presumably to the E. heeriana shoot, and several detached pollen cones of Schidolepium gracile Heer (1880) were found. The pollen cones are elongated, with numerous imbricate, helically arranged and dorsoventrally flattened microsporophylls. Sterile part of the microsporophyll expands to the distal lamina with acute apex. Some microsporophylls near the cone base are oval with rounded apex. The numerous microsporangia are visible in the apical part of the mature pollen cone, but a distal lamina of the microsporophylls often is indistinct here. Microsporangia (5–7 per microsporophyll) are elongated, fusiform. Pollen grains are spherical, nonsaccate, with the rugulate-perforate surface, apertures are invisible. The emended diagnosis is provided for the type species S. gracile, as well as the lectotype is designated.

Fruit anatomy of the genus Anabasis (Salsoloideae, Chenopodiaceae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P. Sukhorukov
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Epidermal Structure ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Fruit Anatomy ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Upper Third ◽  
Outer Epidermis

The fruit anatomy and morphology of 22 representatives of the genus Anabasis L. were studied, with the aim of clarifying the taxomomic importance of carpological characters in the genus. As shown in cross-sections, the pericarp of Anabasis is differentiated into the following four zones: (i) outer epidermis, (ii) subepidermal hydrated parenchyma, (iii) crystalliferous layer with lignified U-shaped cell walls and (iv) inner epidermis. Anatomical differences mainly relate to the outer epidermal structure. Fruit anatomy does not confirm the separation of the genera Brachylepis and Esfandiaria. A combination of carpological characteristics separates A. annua and A. setifera from the other species studied. Also, characters of reproductive organs in representatives of Anabasis are shown. When vegetative and reproductive features are considered, the genus Fredolia appears rather distant from Anabasis s.l. The pericarp histology of almost all the Salsoloideae (incl. Anabasis) is fully presented in the upper third of the fruit. In the lower parts of the fruit, some histological layers are either reduced or absent altogether. On the basis of the anatomical structures in the upper third of the fruit, the common carpological features of the Salsoloideae can be defined. These include a pericarp consisting of several, usually well-differentiated layers and the presence of crystalliferous cells with U-shaped walls. The two- to four-cell layered outer epidermis of three Anabasis representatives (A. eriopoda, A. jaxartica, A. turkestanica) seems to be an apomorphic feature in the Salsoloideae. The seed coat is thin (two cell layers thick) and non-differentiated. Owing to the pericarp and seedcoat structure, the fruit and seed covers have low resistance to environmental degradation processes and, therefore, are unlikely to be found among fossil remnants.

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