Stomatal ontogeny of the vegetative and floral organs of some Papilionaceae

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
GL Shah ◽  
BV Gopal
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Subsidiary Cell ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Stomatal Ontogeny

The structure and development of stomata on the vegetative and floral organs of Vigna unguiculata Walp., and the vegetative organs of Phaseolus radiatus L. and P. aconitifolius Jacq. are described. Paracytic, anisocytic, and anomocytic stomata are present on the same surface of different organs of the plants investigated except on the stem and petiole of V. unguiculata, the bract of P. radiatus, and the petiole, stipule, and stipel of P. aconitifolius where the last type is absent. Stomata with only one subsidiary cell are found on the leaf, petiole, sepal, and petal of V. unguiculata. Diacytic stomata occur on the stipel of P. radiatus and the stem, stipule, and stipel of P. aconitifolius. Paracytic stomata are by far the commonest on each organ. The frequency of different types of stomata on different organs in the plants investigated is tabulated. The ontogeny of different kinds of stomata on each organ is mesogenous, but the perigenous type may be found on the petal and pericarp of V. unguiculata and the stipule of P. radiatus. The variation in stomata is due to: (a) a diversity in stomatal types even on the same surface, and (b) an increase in the number of subsidiary cells. The subsidiary cells divide, or additional subsidiary cells are derived from adjacent epidermal cells. The present study also supports the inclusion of the species concerned in the tribe Phaseolae.

Development of stomata in vegetative and floral organs of some Caryophyllaceae

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Inamdar
Keyword(s):  
Subsidiary Cell ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata

The development and structure of diacytic (caryophyllaceous) stomata in vegetative and floral organs of five species of the family Caryophyllaceae has been investigated. The mature stomata are diacytic or anomocytic and rarely with a single subsidiary cell. The ontogeny of diacytic stomata is of the meso-perigenous type. The development of anomocytic stomata is of the perigenous type and that of stomata with a single subsidiary cell is mesogenous.

scholarly journals Micromorphology of glandular structures in Echium vulgare L. flowers

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Mirosława Chwil
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Lower Region ◽  
Small Column ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Cuticular Ornamentation ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Glandular Structures

The micromorphology of selected elements of <i>Echium vulgare</i> L. flowers was investigated, with special attention to the structure of the nectaries and the stigma of the pistil as well as types of trichomes occurring on the surface of the calyx. The nectary had the shape of an uneven disc located around the lower region of the four-parted ovary of the pistil. The glandular cells formed a tier with a height of 330 μm and a radial width of 144 μm. Nectar was secreted onto the nectary surface through anomocytic stomata located at the level of other epidermal cells. Most of the stomata were open, with a different dimension of the pore. Their largest number was observed at the base of the nectary, and 462 stomata were noted on the whole surface of the nectary. The cuticle on the surface of the guard cells formed fine, circular striae. The subsidiary cells formed striated cuticular ornamentation, with the striae arranged radially in the direction of the stoma, whereas on the surface of other epidermal cells the striae formed an arrangement with different directions. The epidermis on the surface of the stigma formed regularly arranged papillae with a fan-shaped, expanded upper part which had corrugated outer walls, whereas the base of the cell formed a widened small column. The epidermis of the abaxial part of the calyx was covered by numerous non-glandular trichomes of different length which were made up of one or several cells. The glandular trichomes in the epidermis of the calyx grew with smaller density compared to the protective trichomes, and they were composed of a 1-2-celled stalk and a glandular head.

Development of stomata in some Papilionaceae

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Shah ◽  
B. V. Gopal
Keyword(s):  
Subsidiary Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lathyrus Sativus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Subsidiary Cells

The ontogeny of stomata is described for 20 species of Papilionaceae. The mature stomata may be paracytic, anisocytic, anomocytic, diacytic, or with one subsidiary cell. The different types occur individually, or are placed side by side even on the same surface of the leaf. In many species the paracytic type is by far the most common, but in some anisocytic or anomocytic types are more frequent than the other types. The diverse types of stomata show mesogenous development. An increase in the number of subsidiary cells takes place either by their division, or by the neighboring perigenes assuming the form of subsidiary cells. Contiguous stomata are normally formed from two or more adjacent meristemoids. However, in Lathyrus sativus, in which they are frequent, their formation by "budding" has also been observed.

Development of the Stomatal Complexes During Ontogeny in Eucalyptus and Angophora (Myrtaceae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Carr ◽  
SGM Carr
Keyword(s):  
Mother Cell ◽  
Subsidiary Cell ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Simple Pattern ◽  
Sister Cell ◽  
Stomatal Complexes ◽  
Guard Mother Cell ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Seedling Leaf

The mode of stomatal development is studied in cotyledons, seedling and adult leaves of species of eucalypts and three species of Angophora. In the cotyledons of all species examined the early stomatal initials are unilabrate or dolabrate. The stomatal initials in seedling leaves of species of the Corymbosae and Clavigerae are anisocytic. In the 4th seedling leaf in species of a group we have previously called Monocalyptus the stomatal initials are also anisocytic. All other eucalypts retain the early cotyledonary mode of origin of stomata throughout life. These two modes of origin, whether anisocytic or by unilabrate and dolabrate initials, are set in all eucalypts from the 4th seedling leaf onward. Secondary characteristics of the adult stomata, e.g. number of subsidiary cells, are more complex than those of the seedling leaves; rarely, the relatively simple pattern of the seedling leaves may persist in the adult leaves of a given species. In species in which the initials in adult leaves are unilabrate or dolabrate, groups of stomata may share one or more subsidiary cells or be juxtaposed without an intervening subsidiary cell. The sister cell(s) of the guard mother cell may precociously develop a thicker cuticle than ordinary epidermal cells, and this may be apparent at maturity. The abaxial stomata of the cotyledons (but not of seedling or adult leaves) are regularly aligned parallel to the main venation. The existence of three main types of origin of stomata characteristic of three large non-interbreeding groups of eucalypts is of interest in the taxonomy of the genus.

scholarly journals THE SYSTEMATIC SIGNIFICANCE OF LEAF EPIDERMAL MICROMORPHOLOGY OF TEN NEPENTHES SPECIES (NEPENTHACEAE) FROM PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

REINWARDTIA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Norfaizal Ghazalli ◽  
Amin Asyraf Tamizi ◽  
Muhamad Ikhwanuddin Mat Esa ◽  
Edward Entalai Besi ◽  
Dome Nikong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Stomatal Complex ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Systematic Significance ◽  
A Value ◽  
Stomata Size ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cuticular Ornamentation ◽  
Subsidiary Cells

GHAZALLI, M. N., TAMIZI, A. A., ESA, M. I. M., BESI, E. E., NIKONG, D., NORDIN, A. R. M. & ZAINI, A. Z. 2019. The systematic significance of leaf epidermal micromorphology of ten Nepenthes species (Nepenthaceae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Reinwardtia 18(2): 81−96. — The pitcher plants of Malaysia belong to the genus Nepenthes and can be found thriving in swampy areas, along the roadside, on hillslopes and in mountainous terrains depending on species and their ecological preferences. In this study, cuticle micromorphology of ten species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) collected from Peninsular Malaysia was intensively studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterise and investigate diagnostic characters of cuticle micromorphology that can be useful in Nepenthes classification. A total of eleven characters from the inner and outer cuticles were enumerated in details and these characters have a value either for infrageneric classification or for diagnostic identification of the species. Characters observed and analysed were related to the epidermal cells, subsidiary cells, stomatal complex i.e type of waxes on both epidermal surfaces, abaxial and adaxial cuticular ornamentation, stomata characteristics, stomata formation, stomata frequency, cuticular ornamentation on stomata, shape of the stomata, stomata size, trichome existence and type of trichomes. Nepenthes ampullaria is clearly distinguished from the other species by markedly different types of tufted and multicellular trichomes of the epidermal cells on both leaf epidermal surfaces. For N. alba, its cuticular feature showed groovy cuticular pattern on the abaxial and adaxial surface, hence, can serve as a diagnostic cuticular pattern for this species. From these findings, the species delimitation based on cuticular features show a clear resolution, however some species might be individually distinct based on the combination of characters examined. 

Epidermal Structure and Stomatal Ontogeny in Zornia Gmel

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Kannabiran
Keyword(s):  
Basal Part ◽  
Ovary Wall ◽  
Epidermal Structure ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Dual Origin ◽  
Narrow Base ◽  
Outer Epidermis ◽  
Stomatal Ontogeny

Epidermal structure and development of stomata were studied in the vegetative and fioral organs of Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. and Z. zeylonensis Pers. Most of the intercostal cells in leaflet, stipule, and bract are large-sized mucilaginous idioblasts. The swollen base of the idioblast compresses the basal part of the adjacent subsidiary or ordinary cell, which hence has a narrow base in contrast to that of the idioblast. Para-mesogenous, aniso-, and tetra-mesoperigenous stomata occur in all organs of the above species. In addition, the outer epidermis of the ovary wall shows aperigenous (anomocytic) stomata. Stomata of the first three types are dolabrate, irrespective of their mesogenous or mesoperigenous development. These types are related, the differences between them depending on the nature of the placement of the second wall of the meristemoid. The present study lends support to an earlier contention that anomocytic (aperigenous) stomata may result from suppression of the divisions of the meristemoid of paracytic type. It is suggested that stomata flanked by two lateral, parallel, meso- genous subsidiaries which do not meet each other at least at one pole (incomplete), should be termed aniso- or tetra-mesoperigenous according to the total number of subsidiary cells of dual origin.

Epidermal structure and ontogeny of stomata in vegetative and floral organs of Hibiscus rosasinensis L

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Inamdar ◽  
AJ Chohan
Keyword(s):  
Guard Cells ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Epidermal Structure ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Outer Epidermis

The epidermal structure and ontogeny of stomata in vegetative and floral organs of Hibiscus rosasinensis are described. The epidermal cells are polygonal isodiametric or elongated and arranged irregularly or parallel to the long axis. The anticlinal walls of the epidermis are thick, straight, arched, or rarely sinuous. The surface of the cuticle shows parallel striations radiating from the guard cells or hair bases. Six types of glandular and eglandular trichomes have been noticed. The mature stomata are anisocytic, paracytic, or anomocytic. The development of anisocytic and paracytic stomata is of the mesogenous or syndetocheilic type. The ontogeny of anomocytic stomata conforms to the perigenous or haplocheilic type. The three types of stomata occur on all the vegetative and floral organs of this plant except the anther wall and the outer epidermis of the carpel. The developmental modes are constant from organ to organ within the same plant.

Observations on Stomata and Hairs on Vegetative and Floral Organs in the Tribe Trifolieae (Family Papilionaceae)

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
GL Shah ◽  
MJ Kothari
Keyword(s):  
Guard Cell ◽  
Arrested Development ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Frequent Type ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Transitional Forms ◽  
Subsidiary Cells

The structure of stomata and hairs and stornatal ontogeny are described in 12 species of the tribe Trifolieae. Stomata may be paracytic, anisocytic, diacytic, haplocytic, and of transitional forms between diacytic and paracytic types. The most frequent types are paracytic, anisocytic, anomocytic and haplocytic. In any one species the most frequent type varies with the organ, and the pattern throughout the plant is not the same in every species. In general anomocytic stomata are most frequent on both surfaces of leaflets, and paracytic on stems.and petioles. On this basis the members of this tribe seem to have some uniformity. The ontogeny of stomata with subsidiary cells is mesogenous or meso- perigenous, or rarely perigenous. Anomocytic stomata are perigenous. The number of subsidiary cells is increased by (i) wall formation in the subsidiary cells, (ii) neighbouring perigenes assuming the form of subsidiary cells, or (iii) both processes operating in the same stoma simultaneously. Abnormalities such as contiguous stomata, stomata with one guard cell, and arrested development of stomata are occasionally met with. Hairs may be glandular or eglandular ; both types are present in all organs, except in a few cases. Some uniformity in the members of the tribe is also observed in the structure of glandular and eglandular hairs.

scholarly journals GERMINATION AND VIGOUR IN SEEDS OF THE COWPEA IN RESPONSE TO SALT AND HEAT STRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luma Rayane de Lima Nunes ◽  
Paloma Rayane Pinheiro ◽  
Charles Lobo Pinheiro ◽  
Kelly Andressa Peres Lima ◽  
Alek Sandro Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Temperatures

ABSTRACT Salinity is prejudicial to plant development, causing different types of damage to species, or even between genotypes of the same species, with the effects being aggravated when combined with other types of stress, such as heat stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to salt stress at different temperatures. Seeds of the Pujante, Epace 10 and Marataoã genotypes were placed on paper rolls (Germitest®) moistened with different salt concentrations of 0.0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, and placed in a germination chamber (BOD) at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design, in a 3 × 4 × 5 scheme of subdivided plots, with four replications per treatment. The variables under analysis were germination percentage, first germination count, shoot and root length, and total seedling dry weight. At temperatures of 30 and 35°C, increases in the salt concentration were more damaging to germination in the Epace 10 and Pujante genotypes, while for the Marataoã genotype, damage occurred at the temperature of 20°C. At 25°C, germination and vigour in the genotypes were higher, with the Pujante genotype proving to be more tolerant to salt stress, whereas Epace 10 and Marataoã were more tolerant to high temperatures. Germination in the cowpea genotypes was more sensitive to salt stress when subjected to heat stress caused by the low temperature of 20°C or high temperature of 35°C.

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