Comparative Studies in Selected Species of Eucalyptus Used in Rehabilitation of the Northern Jarrah Forest, Western Australia. II. Wood and Leaf Anatomy

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Ridge ◽  
WA Loneragan ◽  
DT Bell ◽  
IJ Colquhoun ◽  
J Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential

Previous studies have established differences in water relations between the major dominant of the northern jarrah forest, Eucalyptus marginata, which transpires freely except under conditions of extreme drought, and potential replacement species which exhibit some measure of stomatal control. The anatomy of the water-conducting system of three indigenous species (Eucalyptus marginata, E. calophylla and E. wandoo) and four eastern Australian species (E. globulus, E. maculata, E. resinifera and E. saligna) is described with reference to their patterns of stomatal resistance and xylem pressure potential. Vessel and parenchyma distribution generally correlated with taxonomic affinities of the species. Groups based on wood anatomy had little in common with groupings based on eco-physiological behaviour but did tend to confirm the distinctive character of E. marginata. By using leaf anatomy, a third grouping of species was possible. E. globulus, E. maculata and E. wandoo are amphistomatous whereas E. calophylla, E. resinifera, E. saligna and E. marginata are hypostomatous. However, the major structural features associated with previously observed patterns of water relations appear related to differences in vessel size (particularly in E. wandoo) and the presence and size of the stomatal antechambers. The anatomical structures described here confirm the special way in which E. rnarginata responds to environmental factors, and thus emphasize the challenge of finding a substitute species that exhibits similar anatomical and physiological adaptations.

Comparative Studies in Selected Species of Eucalyptus Used in Rehabilitation of the Northern Jarrah Forest, Western Australia. I. Patterns of Xylem Pressure Potential and Diffusive Resistance of Leaves

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
IJ Colquhoun ◽  
RW Ridge ◽  
DT Bell ◽  
WA Loneragan ◽  
J Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Xylem Pressure ◽  
Diffusive Resistance ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential ◽  
The Impact

Land use which reduces tree canopy density and the impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi are believed to be altering the hydrological balance of parts of the northern jarrah forest, Western Australia. In the drier eastern zones of the forest, replacement plant communities must maintain the soil-salt-water balance to prevent significant increases in salinization of streams in water supply catchments. Daily and seasonal patterns of the diffusive resistance of leaves and xylem pressure potential were determined for the major natural dominant of the region, Eucalyptus marginata, and five other species of Eucalyptus used in rehabilitation. Three types of daily and seasonal patterns were observed. E. marginata and E. calophylla exhibited little stomatal control of water loss, and leaf resistances remained low throughout the study period (type 1). E. maculata, E. resinifera and E. saligna exhibited marked stomatal regulation during summer days when xylem pressure potentials fell below -2.O MPa (type 2). E. wandoo (type 3) also controlled water loss but developed xylem pressure potentials far lower than all other species tested (<-3.0 MPa). Although none of the species tested replicated the summer stomatal resistance and xylem pressure potential patterns of E. marginata, it is suggested that total annual water use should be examined before selecting the most appropriate species to rehabilitate disturbed sites in the eastern zones of the northern jarrah forest region.

CLONAL VARIATIONS IN THE WATER RELATIONS OF RED OSIER DOGWOOD DURING COLD ACCLIMATION

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH A. BRAY ◽  
LAWRENCE R. PARSONS
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies

The water relations of six climatic races of red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L.) were followed during cold acclimation in St. Paul, Minnesota in the fall of 1977. The following year, a similar study was completed on three of the climatic races. The clones originated from Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Montana, Idaho and North Dakota. By November, differences in rates of acclimation could be distinguished. Races could be divided into two groups: Oregon, Idaho and Montana became hardy to between − 25 and − 30 °C and Alaska, North Dakota and Washington became hardy to between − 37 and − 42 °C. After the initial frost, daytime stomatal resistance increased first in Alaska and then in Washington, Montana and North Dakota, but not in Idaho and Oregon. Differences among the races could be distinguished by this trait. The remaining water relations parameters measured did not show differences among the races. Stem water content of all clones decreased into mid-October when they reached a similar water content of approximately 1 g H2O/g dry weight. Midday leaf xylem pressure potential of all clones increased during acclimation. Relative water content of the stems decreased during acclimation but later increased. The water relations parameters of the outdoor acclimation process were very similar to those reported for growth chamber studies.

Water relations of loblolly pine trees in southeastern Oklahoma following precommercial thinning

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1508-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert M. Cregg ◽  
Thomas C. Hennessey ◽  
Philip M. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Leaf Conductance ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Xylem Pressure ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential

Xylem pressure potential, leaf conductance, transpiration, and soil moisture were measured during three summers following precommercial thinning of a 10-year-old stand of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) in southeastern Oklahoma. The stand was thinned to three target basal-area levels: 5.8, 11.5, and 23 m2•ha−1 (control). Soil water potential increased significantly in response to thinning during the summer of each year studied. However, plant water relations were relatively unaffected by the treatments. Significant thinning effects on diurnal xylem pressure potential were observed on only 7 of 55 measurement periods. Treatment differences in conductance and transpiration observed during the first year of the study appeared to be related to differences in light interception and crown exposure. Regression analysis indicated response of leaf conductance and transpiration to predawn xylem pressure potential and vapor pressure deficit was not affected by the thinning treatments. Overall, the results of this study are consistent with a hypothesis in which transpiration, leaf area, and water potential interact to form a homeostatic relationship.

Response of soybean leaf water relations to tropospheric ozone

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin L. Fiscus ◽  
Joseph E. Miller ◽  
Fitzgerald L. Booker ◽  
Chantal D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Leaf Water Relations ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Volume Analysis ◽  
Xylem Pressure ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential

Tropospheric O3 and water stress cause significant reductions in crop growth and yield. The effects of chronic O3 exposures on leaf water relations have been less thoroughly studied. Soybeans were grown in two years in open-top field chambers equipped to control O3. The seasonal mean O3 concentrations for the charcoal-filtered controls and supplemental O3 treatments were 24 and 83 nL∙L−1 for the first year (1990) and 20 and 99 nL∙L−1 for the second year (1992). In 1990 leaves were sampled during four intervals of the 106-d growing season and subjected to potential–volume analysis. In 1992, leaves were sampled over a 3-week period, centered on 49 days after planting for potential–volume analysis as well as for midday xylem pressure potentials and leaf conductance. Ontogenetic changes in most of the parameters were large compared with treatment effects. O3 treatment consistently caused decreased symplastic volume, specific leaf mass, and tissue elasticity. In 1992, these effects were accompanied by decreased leaf conductances with no discernable change in xylem pressure potential, although midday turgor increased by 32% and stomatal competency was maintained. Tissue elasticity decreases may be related to O3-induced changes in cell wall structure during leaf expansion and may result in decreased symplastic volume. Key words: Glycine max, ozone, leaf water relations, pressure–volume analysis, elasticity, elastic modulus.

Water relations of coastal and estuarine Rhizophora mangle: xylem pressure potential and dynamics of embolism formation and repair

Oecologia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Melcher ◽  
G. Goldstein ◽  
F.C. Meinzer ◽  
D.E. Yount ◽  
T.J. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Rhizophora Mangle ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Xylem Pressure ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential

Tree Species Preferences of Foraging Birds in Jarrah Forest in Western Australia.

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Abbott ◽  
PV Heurck
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Species Preferences

A study of foraging by 10 bird species suggests that selective logging of large Eucalyptus marginata will only have affected Melithreptus lunatus, but that proposed silvicultural treatments, including removal of Banksia grandis, may affect several other bird species.

Optimising smoke treatments for jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest rehabilitation

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie A. Norman ◽  
Julie A. Plummer ◽  
John M. Koch ◽  
Greg R. Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Bauxite Mining ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Forest Rehabilitation ◽  
Irreversible Nature ◽  
Smoke Water

Alcoa is undertaking rehabilitation in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata D.Don ex Sm.) forest of Western Australia, following bauxite mining. One of the methods used in the rehabilitation program is broadcasting seeds; however, about two-thirds of species require seed-dormancy-breaking treatments. Smoke overcomes dormancy and enhances the germination of many jarrah forest species. Smoke-application methods were investigated to find the best seed treatment for 64 jarrah forest species. The optimum duration of seed imbibition in aqueous smoke and dilution of the aqueous smoke product were also investigated. The method of smoke application was important. Smoke water enhanced the germination of 12% of species, whereas aerosol smoke enhanced the germination of 6% of species. Both Grevillea pilulifera (Lindl.) Druce and Velleia trinervis Labill. had germination enhanced by both smoke-application methods. Aerosol smoke inhibited the germination of Clematis pubescens Endl. and Hypocalymma angustifolium (Endl.) Schauer. A total of 78% of species did not exhibit significantly enhanced germination when smoke treated, including the two species inhibited by smoke treatment. Germination was equivalent following 1- and 12-h imbibition in the aqueous smoke extract. Dilutions of the aqueous extract Regen 2000 Smokemaster from 1 to 3% were optimal for the germination of Marianthus bicolor (Putt.) F.Muell and Stylidium amoenum R.Br., even after subsequent washing with water, demonstrating the irreversible nature of smoke treatments. For species that did not exhibit smoke-enhanced germination, other dormancy-breaking treatments may be required before a response to smoke is elicited. These results have application to a wide variety of natural managed lands, disturbed and designed landscapes.

Critical Period of Weed Interference in Transplanted Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum): Growth Analysis

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Weaver ◽  
Chin S. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Xylem Pressure ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential

The critical period of weed interference in transplanted tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentumMill. 'Springset’) was from 28 to 35 days after transplanting. A single weeding during this period was sufficient to prevent yield reductions. A growth analysis revealed that significant differences in plant dry weight and fruit number between tomatoes from weed-free and weed-infested plots were not apparent until 56 to 70 days after transplanting. The shorter the initial weed-free period, or the longer weeds were allowed to remain in the plots before removal, the earlier reductions in tomato dry weight and fruit number appeared. Weed interference was due primarily to shading rather than water stress. Tomatoes from weed-infested plots had significantly lower stomatal conductances than those from weed-free plots, but did not differ in xylem-pressure potential or in canopy temperature. If tomatoes were kept weed-free for more than 28 days, or when weeds were present for less than 28 days after transplanting, stomatal conductances were not significantly reduced.

An Investigation of the Leaf Anatomy, Foliar Mineral Levels, and Water Relations of Trees of a Sarawak Forest

Biotropica ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. H. Peace ◽  
F. D. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Mineral Levels

Water Relations in Young Growing Wheat Leaves after Application of (2-Chloroethyl)trimethyl- ammoniumchloride (CCC) to the Roots of Wheat Seedlings

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 745-747
Author(s):  
Jutta Bode ◽  
Aloysius Wild
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Diffusive Resistance ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Synthetic Growth

Abstract The influence on the water relations of the third developing leaf of (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammoniumchloride, a synthetic growth regulator, applied to the roots of young wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) has been investigated. The tissue water potential and the pressure potential were found to be reduced by several bars in comparison to the untreated controls, whereas the osmotic potential remained unchanged. The content of soluble reducing sugars was considerably increased in the cell sap of CCC-treated leaves. With this accumulation, however, the turgor was not maintained. Additionally, CCC-treated leaves showed considerably lower transpiration rates and higher diffusive resistance than the controls. Thus, the application of CCC to the roots causes alterations in the water relations of developing wheat leaves, which resemble those induced by water deficiency.

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