Solar Radiation at a Wavelength of 10 Centimetres including Eclipse Observations

1949 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Piddington ◽  
JV Hindman
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Average Polarization ◽  
Eclipse Observations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intense Radiation

Observations were made of the intensity of solar radiation at a wavelength of 10.0 centimetres before and during the partial eclipse of November 1, 1948. Measurements were also made of the average level of solar radiation on a number of days before and after the eclipse. In this way conditions during the eclipse were related to the varying day-to-day level of intensity. A determination of the distribution of intensity of radiation over the solar disk was made, the most intense radiation coming from near the limb and some radiation from beyond the limb. At least one small area was located which emitted more intensely than the average. �� Polarization measurements, although inconclusive, suggest that radiation from one " hot " area was partially circularly polarized. Excess of either right- or left-hand polarized component at eclipse maximum was small, probably less than 1� per cent. of the mean and perhaps zero. It is shown that the usually accepted value of the solar general magnetic field of 50 gauss at the poles should provide an excess of one component of about 2� per cent. at eclipse maximum.

scholarly journals Intraocular pressure following 18 hours of systemic dehydration in ocular normotensive healthy subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faustina K. Idu ◽  
Gladys O. George ◽  
Leonard F.O. Obika
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Baseline Measurement ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Applanation Tonometer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

Aim: To investigate the effect of dehydration on intraocular pressure (IOP). Subjects: The study population comprised 50 subjects (27 men and 23 women) with a mean age of 42.84 ± 2.64 years.Method: The subjects dehydrated for 18 hours. IOP was assessed in both eyes using the Perkins handheld applanation tonometer. Baseline measurement of IOP was taken before the subjects dehydrated for 18 hours and repeated after dehydration. Blood samples were taken before and after dehydration for the determination of plasma osmolality and plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentrations.Results: A statistically significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the mean weight of subjects occurred after dehydration. There was a significant reduction in IOP from 16.68 mmHg ± 0.32 mmHg to 13.08 mmHg ± 0.31 mmHg after dehydration (p < 0.001). Mean plasma osmolality showed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) from baseline of 290.02 mOsmol/kg ± 1.25 mOsmol/kg to 294.96 mOsmol/kg ± 1.33 mOsmol/kg after dehydration. There was also a significant increase (p < 0.05) in mean plasma ADH concentration from 5.36 pg/mL ± 0.21 pg/mL to 6.40 pg/mL ± 0.20 pg/mL after dehydration. There were no significant differences in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures before and after dehydration.Conclusion: Dehydration decreases IOP in healthy humans; this decrease probably results from an increase in plasma osmolality and plasma ADH concentrations.

scholarly journals Determination of Inulin in Foods

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breda Simonovska
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Test Solution ◽  
Boiling Water Bath ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract A method was developed for determining fructan inulin in various foods (yogurts, honey cakes, chocolates). Warm water was applied for extraction of samples, and mono- and dissacharides were determined by a thin-layer chromatographic densitometric method. A portion of the test solution was hydrolyzed 30 min with 1% oxalic acid in a boiling water bath. Fructose was determined in the hydrolysate. The amount of inulin in a sample was calculated as the difference between the amount of fructose in the sample before and after hydrolysis. The fructose from sucrose formed during the hydrolysis was also considered. The mean recovery from yogurt fortified with 4% inulin was 95.5 ± 4.5% (mean ± standard deviation); from honey cakes extract fortified with 10% inulin, 97.3 ± 5.5%; and from chocolate extract fortified with 30% inulin, 98.6 ± 6.6% (6 replicates in all cases). Determination of glucose is not necessary for analyzing fructans with the composition expressed shortened to GFn−1 (G, glucose; F, fructosyl) with the average degree of polymerization 8 ≤ n ≤ 15.

Determination of the Transverse Centre of Rotation of the Knee Using CAT Scans

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E Brunet ◽  
Mark A Kester ◽  
Stephen D Cook ◽  
Ray J Haddad ◽  
Harry B Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Posterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Centre Of Rotation

Digitized serial CAT scans of four non-embalmed cadaver knees were used in the computer-aided determination of the longitudinal (internal-external) centres of rotation. The mean and standard deviation of the centre of rotation locations were calculated both before and after sectioning the anterior cruciate ligament. Regardless of anterior cruciate ligament status, the mean location of the centre of rotation was on the tibial spine, slightly anterior to the origin of the posterior cruciate ligament. However, upon sectioning of the anterior cruciate ligament, the standard deviation of the centre of rotation location increased markedly in the latero-medial direction in three of the four legs tested.

scholarly journals Cycloplegic Effects on the Cylindrical Components of the Refraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Athar Zareei ◽  
Milad Abdolahian ◽  
Shahram Bamdad
Keyword(s):  
Precise Determination ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Near Vision ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Range

It is important to predict which astigmatic patients require separate refraction for near vision. This study compared cylindrical components changes by cyclopentolate 1% for the low and high amount of astigmatism. The right eyes of 1014 healthy individuals (307 males and 707 females) with cylindrical refractive power more than −0.5 diopter on autorefractometer were selected. Both male and female patients in the age range of 17–45 years were refracted before and after cycloplegia, using 1% cyclopentolate. All volunteers were classified into 2 subgroups including the lower astigmatism group (−2.25 to −0.50) and the higher astigmatic group (−2.50 to over). Alpines’ method was used to compare the effect of cycloplegic drop on cylindrical power. The mean age in the lower astigmatism group (29.58; 95% CI: 29.18 to 29.99 years) was not significantly different from the higher astigmatic group (29.85; 95% CI: 29.07 to 30.62) and there were no significant differences in gender between these two groups ( P = 0.54 ). Differences between wet and dry refraction in J0 (−0.03; 95% CI:−0.06 to −0.008) and J45 (−0.03; 95% CI:−0.06 to −0.01) were significant only in the higher astigmatic group. Axis changes by the cycloplegic drop in the lower astigmatism group were 3.51 (CI: 3.22 to 3.81) and axis changes by the cycloplegic drop in the higher astigmatism group were 2.21 (CI: 1.73 to 2.49). In patients with a lower amount of astigmatism (−2.25 to −0.50), additional near subjective refraction could be done for precise determination of axis and in patients with a higher amount of astigmatism (−2.50 to over), near subjective refraction might be done for precise determination of power.

The influence of abdominal decompression on microhemodynamics in the patients presenting with vertebral osteochondrosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
V. V Kir'yanova ◽  
A. A Chaban ◽  
Evgeniy A. Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pathogenic Factor ◽  
Ultrasound Device ◽  
Microcirculatory System ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Abdominal Decompression

The patients presenting with the manifestations of reflectory syndromes associated with lumbar osteochondrosis were examined for the determination of the velocity and volumetric characteristics of the blood flow in the vessels of the microcirculatory system on the fingernail beds of the first digits of both the upper and lower extremities following a course of abdominal decompression. The hemodynamic events at these sites were studied by means of transcutaneous ultrasound dopplerography (USD) in the minimally invasivemode with the use of a “Minimax-Doppler-K” computer-controlled ultrasound device. The results thus obtained before and after the treatment by abdominal decompression with the help of a KAD-01-AKTs “Nadezhda” apparatus were compared. The treatment consisted of 10 procedures. A total of 35 patients at the mean age of 41 ± 12,17 years were available for the examination. It was shown that the treatment resulted in the improvement of microcirculation at all the sites where it was measured. The results of the study give evidence of the active influence of abdominal decompression on the blood flow velocity in the microcirculation system and of the reflectory activation of microcirculation in the regions that are not directly affected by the pathogenic factor.

scholarly journals Free and Bound Cinnamic Acid Derivatives in Corsica Sweet Blond Oranges

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Carrera ◽  
Mohamed Vall Ould El Kebir ◽  
Camille Jacquemond ◽  
François Luro ◽  
Yves Lozano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Cinnamic Acids ◽  
Cinnamic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Washington Navel ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Total determination of cinnamic acids (CA), including hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives is generally not accurate since, during hydrolysis, a possible degradation of dihydroxy CA such as caffeic acid could occur. Evaluations of CA (ferulic, p-coumaric, sinapic, cinnamic and caffeic acids) before and after hydrolysis have been undertaken using standards and either with or without addition of ascorbic acid and EDTA. The method was then applied to the determination of free and bound CA in five blond cultivars (Navelina, Washington navel, Pera, Salustiana and Valencia late) of sweet oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.]. Four parts of the fruits (peel juice, flavedo, albedo and juice) have been investigated. Results show that CA are mainly bound (86% up to 92%) in the four fruit parts. The mean of total CA contents was found to be higher in peel juice (1.5 g kg−1) in comparison with flavedo (0.7 g kg−1), albedo (0.1 g kg−1) and juice (0.6 g kg−1). Free and bound ferulic acid represented 55-70% of CA in juices, followed by p-coumaric acid (20%), sinapic acid (10%) and caffeic acid (9%). Total contents of each CA in the four fruit parts are discussed and show the potential interest in orange peel wastes.

Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Bentazon in Technical and Formulated Products: Collaborative Study

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-330
Author(s):  
Thomas M Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract An isocratic reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (LC) procedure for measuring bentazon in commercial herbicide products and aqueous formulations was collaboratively studied by 16 laboratories. Samples are dissolved in LC eluent [0.075M sodium acetate–methanol (60 + 40)] and analyzed by LC on a 30 cm × 3.9 mm octadecylsilyl column with detection by UV absorbance at 340 nm. The quantity of active ingredient is determined by comparing the mean response factor (RF) of the sample to the mean RF of standards injected just before and after each pair of sample injections. The average relative standard deviation (RSDR) for 3 formulations studied was 1.54%; the RSDR for a technical sample was 0.77%. The method has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.

Densitometry and microchromatography compared for determination of the hemoglobin C and A2 proportions in hemoglobin C and hemoglobin SC disease and in hemoglobin C trait.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 860-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Krauss ◽  
P A Drew ◽  
M H Jonah ◽  
M Trinh ◽  
S Shell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
High Ionic Strength ◽  
Hemoglobin C ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
Hb S ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hb C

Abstract Using both densitometry and anion-exchange microchromatography, we measured hemoglobin C (Hb C) and Hb A2 proportions in 11 patients, eight of whom had Hb AC, two Hb SC, and one Hb CC. For one patient with Hb SC, we made the determinations before and after a transfusion. The mean (and SD) for the sum of Hb C + Hb A2 by densitometry and anion-exchange microchromatography for the nine patients with Hb AC and Hb CC were 45 (18) and 40 (18)%, respectively (p greater than 0.1, r = 0.98); for the three determinations involving the two Hb SC patients, the respective proportions were 40 (9.9) and 38 (6.6)% (r = 0.88). Electrophoretic analysis of microchromatographic eluates from the Hb AC and Hb CC patients showed that 6% of the absorbance of the late high-ionic-strength eluate was due to Hb C, which was responsible for the statistically insignificant difference between densitometric and chromatographic values for Hb C + A2 values. Electrophoresis on cellulose acetate of concentrated eluates of the Hb C + A2 fraction from the two Hb SC patients revealed no contamination by Hb S. Evidently, microchromatography can be used to determine Hb C + A2 in patients with Hb C or Hb SC disease or Hb C trait.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

The Plasmin Inhibitors of Plasma

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Shamash ◽  
A Rimon
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
New Method ◽  
Normal Amount ◽  
Caseinolytic Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plasmin Inhibitors

SummaryA new method for the assay of plasmin inhibitors in human plasma is described. The method consists of determination of the caseinolytic activity of a standard plasmin solution before and after incubation with the inhibitor, with lysine added to the mixture as a stabilizer of plasmin. Using this method, it was found that plasma contains enough inhibitors to inactivate 30 caseinolytic units of plasmin, or 10 times the normal amount of plasminogen in human plasma.

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