scholarly journals Intraocular pressure following 18 hours of systemic dehydration in ocular normotensive healthy subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faustina K. Idu ◽  
Gladys O. George ◽  
Leonard F.O. Obika
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Baseline Measurement ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Applanation Tonometer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

Aim: To investigate the effect of dehydration on intraocular pressure (IOP). Subjects: The study population comprised 50 subjects (27 men and 23 women) with a mean age of 42.84 ± 2.64 years.Method: The subjects dehydrated for 18 hours. IOP was assessed in both eyes using the Perkins handheld applanation tonometer. Baseline measurement of IOP was taken before the subjects dehydrated for 18 hours and repeated after dehydration. Blood samples were taken before and after dehydration for the determination of plasma osmolality and plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentrations.Results: A statistically significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the mean weight of subjects occurred after dehydration. There was a significant reduction in IOP from 16.68 mmHg ± 0.32 mmHg to 13.08 mmHg ± 0.31 mmHg after dehydration (p < 0.001). Mean plasma osmolality showed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) from baseline of 290.02 mOsmol/kg ± 1.25 mOsmol/kg to 294.96 mOsmol/kg ± 1.33 mOsmol/kg after dehydration. There was also a significant increase (p < 0.05) in mean plasma ADH concentration from 5.36 pg/mL ± 0.21 pg/mL to 6.40 pg/mL ± 0.20 pg/mL after dehydration. There were no significant differences in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures before and after dehydration.Conclusion: Dehydration decreases IOP in healthy humans; this decrease probably results from an increase in plasma osmolality and plasma ADH concentrations.

Factors associated with early and late failure after goniotomy for primary pediatric glaucoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina H Hassanein ◽  
Ahmed Awadein ◽  
Hala Elhilali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
First Year ◽  
Failure Rates ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Pediatric Glaucoma ◽  
Late Failure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: To analyze the risk factors associated with early and late failure after goniotomy for primary pediatric glaucoma. Methods: A retrospective study was done on infants who underwent goniotomy as the initial surgical procedure for primary pediatric glaucoma, and had a follow-up period ⩾48 months after surgery. Early and late failures were defined as intraocular pressure ⩾18 mmHg or signs of glaucoma progression before and after the end of first year, respectively. Results: A total of 81 eyes of 47 children were included. The mean age at the time of surgery was 6.1 ± 6.7 months, 34 children (72.3%) were bilateral. The mean follow-up was 5.9 ± 2.8 years. Of the included eyes, 41 eyes (50.6%) showed success, 25 eyes (30.9%) showed an early failure, and 15 eyes (18.5%) showed a late failure. The mean survival time was 43 months. However, only surgery before the end of the first month and positive consanguinity of the parents (P < 0.01 for both) were independent risk factors for early and late failure of goniotomy for primary pediatric glaucoma. Patients with late failure showed a statistically significant lower preoperative intraocular pressure (P = 0.02). A larger preoperative corneal diameter and a male gender were associated with higher but statistically insignificant failure rates. There were no differences in the early or late failure rates between unilateral and bilateral cases. Conclusion: A positive consanguinity of the parents and surgery before the end of the first month are the major predictors of failure of goniotomy.

scholarly journals An investigation into the avoidability of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ibn-Mas’ud Danjuma ◽  
Lina Mohammad Ahmad Naseralallah ◽  
Bodoor AbouJabal ◽  
Mouhand Faisal Mohamed ◽  
Ibrahim Y. Abubeker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Reaction ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dress Syndrome ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Larger Sample

AbstractDrug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rising morbidity amongst hospitalized patients. Whilst clinical protocols for the management of individual DRESS cases have been well established, determination of potential prevention of these cases by utilizing novel “avoidability” tools has remained unexplored. This retrospective study reviewed records of patients who presented to the emergency department of Weill Cornell Medicine-affiliated Hamad General Hospital, Doha Qatar with suspected DRESS syndrome. These cases were independently adjudicated (utilizing the RegiSCAR, and JSCAR tools) as DRESS-drug pairs by a team of two clinical pharmacists and two General Physicians. They were then rated for potential avoidability with the Liverpool adverse drug reactions avoidability tool (LAAT) by the same team of raters. A total of 16 patients satisfied RegiSCAR criteria for DRESS syndrome. The mean age of the study population was 41.5 years (SD ± 13.3). The study population was predominantly male (n = 12; [75%]). The median latent period from drug ingestion to clinical presentation was 14 days (interquartile range [IQR] 6.5, 29). The median RegiSCAR and J-SCAR scores were 6 (IQR 5, 6.8), 5 (IQR 4, 5.8) respectively. Utilizing the LAAT, about 60% of the DRESS syndrome-drug pairs were rated as “avoidable” (“probable” or “definite”). The overall Krippendorf’s alpha with the LAAT was 0.81 (SE 0.10, CI 0.59–1.00); with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.90 (CI 0.77, 0.96.). In a randomly selected cohort of DRESS syndrome-drug pairs, a significant proportion was potentially avoidable (“possibly” and “definitely”) utilizing the LAAT. This will need validation by larger sample-sized prospective studies utilizing the updated LAAT proposed by this study.

Self-measurement with Icare HOME tonometer, patients’ feasibility and acceptability

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Cvenkel ◽  
Makedonka Atanasovska Velkovska ◽  
Vesna Dimovska Jordanova
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Goldmann Applanation Tonometer ◽  
Applanation Tonometer ◽  
Perception Of Self ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the accuracy of self-measurement of intraocular pressure using Icare Home rebound tonometer with Goldmann applanation tonometer and assess acceptability of self-tonometry in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Methods: In the study, 117 subjects were trained to use Icare Home for self-measurement. Icare Home tonometer readings were compared with Goldmann applanation tonometer, including one eye per patient. Agreement between the two methods of measurement was evaluated by Bland and Altmann analysis. Questionnaire was used to evaluate patients’ perception of self-tonometry. Results: One hundred and three out of 117 patients (88%) were able to measure their own intraocular pressure and 96 (82%) fulfilled the requirements for certification. The mean (SD) difference Goldmann applanation tonometer minus Icare Home was 1.2 (2.4) mmHg (95% limits of agreement, –3.4 to 5.9 mmHg). The magnitude of bias between the two methods depended on central corneal thickness, with greater bias at central corneal thickness <500 µm. In 65 out of 96 subjects (67.7%), Icare Home results were within 2 mmHg of the Goldmann applanation tonometer. Seventy-three out of 93 (78.5%) felt that self-tonometry was easy to use and 75 patients (80.6%) responded that they would use the device at home. Conclusion: Icare Home tonometry tends to slightly underestimate intraocular pressure compared to Goldmann applanation tonometer. Most patients were able to perform self-tonometry and found it acceptable for home use. Measurements using rebound self-tonometry could improve the quality of intraocular pressure data and optimize treatment regimen.

Intraocular pressure variation by pneumatic tonometer before and after phacoemulsification

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco W Rodrigues ◽  
Camilla de MN Silva ◽  
Déborah C Modesto ◽  
Antônio WS de Oliveira ◽  
Rodrigo Egidio da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Pressure Variation ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Epidemiological Impact

Objective: To evaluate the intraocular pressure variation before and after phacoemulsification through pneumatic tonometry in addition to correlating it with the age, gender, and preoperative intraocular pressure of the patients evaluated. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study. Inclusion criteria were older than 18 years, deep anterior chamber visualized by the slit lamp and estimation of open angle using the Van Herick technique, intraocular pressure less than 21 mmHg, without surgical complications, and without any ocular disease. The intraocular pressure was measured by the pneumatic tonometer. The intraocular pressure assessment was performed at the last consultation before phacoemulsification surgery and 30 days after. Results: A sample of 182 eyes was used. The mean age was 68.41 ± 10.84 years. Of the patient, 65% were females and 35% were males. The mean intraocular pressure in the preoperative period was 16.0 mmHg (±3.3 mmHg) and the mean intraocular pressure in the postoperative period was 13.44 mmHg (±3.31 mmHg). There was no correlation between intraocular pressure variations in both eyes (age-matched open angle) and age. There was a statistically significant correlation between the preoperative intraocular pressure value and the intraocular pressure changes in the postoperative period. In the comparison of the intraocular pressure variation between the genders, the female gender presented a statistically significant negative variation. Conclusion: We conclude that the cataract surgery is related to the reduction of intraocular pressure in the postoperative period and this reduction is more influenced by its preoperative value. Other studies of high epidemiological impact are needed, which may corroborate that the cataract surgery could directly influence intraocular pressure variation.

Solar Radiation at a Wavelength of 10 Centimetres including Eclipse Observations

1949 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Piddington ◽  
JV Hindman
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Average Polarization ◽  
Eclipse Observations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intense Radiation

Observations were made of the intensity of solar radiation at a wavelength of 10.0 centimetres before and during the partial eclipse of November 1, 1948. Measurements were also made of the average level of solar radiation on a number of days before and after the eclipse. In this way conditions during the eclipse were related to the varying day-to-day level of intensity. A determination of the distribution of intensity of radiation over the solar disk was made, the most intense radiation coming from near the limb and some radiation from beyond the limb. At least one small area was located which emitted more intensely than the average. �� Polarization measurements, although inconclusive, suggest that radiation from one " hot " area was partially circularly polarized. Excess of either right- or left-hand polarized component at eclipse maximum was small, probably less than 1� per cent. of the mean and perhaps zero. It is shown that the usually accepted value of the solar general magnetic field of 50 gauss at the poles should provide an excess of one component of about 2� per cent. at eclipse maximum.

scholarly journals Assessment of HIV disease progression before and after initiation of anti­retroviral therapy by CD4 & CD8 T-lymphocyte count and viral load assay

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Sahina Tabassum ◽  
S.M. Rashed-ul Islam ◽  
Afzalun Nessa ◽  
Munira Jahan ◽  
Saif Ullah Munshi
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocyte ◽  
Virological Outcome ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

<p><strong>Backgrounds:</strong> As there is no published data regarding the response to Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) among HIV patients from Bangladesh. The present study was designed to determine the immunological and virological responses of HIV infected Bangladeshi adults starting ART. Objectives: To monitor the changes of CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte count and Viral load (VL) before and after three and six months of starting ART.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> 20 symptomatic HIV infected patients with CD4 T-lymphocyte count of &lt;350 cells/µ] of blood were initiated ART.CD4 and CDS T-lymphocyte counts were estimated by Flowcytometer and VL was dete1mined by real-time PCR technique.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The mean CD4 T-lymphocyte count among the sn1dy patients were 177±127 cells/µl before initiation of ART. After ART initiation, their mean CD4 count increased significantly to 368±181 and 452±183 cellshll after three and six months respectively (P&lt;0.0001).The mean CDS T-lymphocyte counts were 901±650 cells/µ! before initiation of ART, which increased to I 085±393 and 1121±372 cells/µl after three and six months respectively after ART initiation (P&gt;0.05). Before ART initiation, the mean VL was 5.25±1.19 log10 (copies/ml) among the study population which became undetectable in 15 (75%) patients after three months of ART and in another 2 (10%) patients after 6 months of ART initiation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our study concluded that, ART is effective in slowing the progression of HIV infection to AIDS with good immunological and virological outcome among the ART initiators.</p>

scholarly journals Determination of Inulin in Foods

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breda Simonovska
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Test Solution ◽  
Boiling Water Bath ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract A method was developed for determining fructan inulin in various foods (yogurts, honey cakes, chocolates). Warm water was applied for extraction of samples, and mono- and dissacharides were determined by a thin-layer chromatographic densitometric method. A portion of the test solution was hydrolyzed 30 min with 1% oxalic acid in a boiling water bath. Fructose was determined in the hydrolysate. The amount of inulin in a sample was calculated as the difference between the amount of fructose in the sample before and after hydrolysis. The fructose from sucrose formed during the hydrolysis was also considered. The mean recovery from yogurt fortified with 4% inulin was 95.5 ± 4.5% (mean ± standard deviation); from honey cakes extract fortified with 10% inulin, 97.3 ± 5.5%; and from chocolate extract fortified with 30% inulin, 98.6 ± 6.6% (6 replicates in all cases). Determination of glucose is not necessary for analyzing fructans with the composition expressed shortened to GFn−1 (G, glucose; F, fructosyl) with the average degree of polymerization 8 ≤ n ≤ 15.

Comparison of Intraocular Pressure Measurement between Non-Contact and Goldmann Applanation Tonometry among Glaucoma Patients in Ratchaburi Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 819-823
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Goldmann Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Goldmann Applanation Tonometer ◽  
Applanation Tonometer ◽  
Iop Measurement ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) values acquired from the non-contact tonometers and a Goldmann applanation tonometer in glaucoma patients. Materials and Methods: The present study included 300 eyes from 150 participants that attended the glaucoma outpatient clinic. The IOP was measured using both non-contact tonometry (NCT) and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). The differences in IOP readings between the two techniques were evaluated. Results: The mean IOP as measured by NCT was 16.26±6.95 mmHg, when that of measured by GAT was 16.11±8.43 mmHg. The mean difference between the two techniques of measurement was 0.147±3.01 mmHg. The values acquired from NCT were slightly higher than those acquired by GAT in 49% of patients, and this difference was more distinct when the IOP as measured by GAT more than 21 mmHg. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant correlation in the measurement of IOP between non-contact and GAT tonometers. NCT is a proper method for mass screenings of IOP even if the IOP measurement by NCT is slightly higher than by GAT. Keywords: Tonometry, Comparison, Glaucoma, Non-contact tonometry, Goldmann applanation tonometerv

scholarly journals The effects of cigarette smoking on ventricular repolarization in adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyma Kayali ◽  
Fadime Demir
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adolescent Smokers ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electrocardiographic Parameters ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the association between cigarette smoking and ventricular arrhythmias in adolescents. Novel electrocardiographic parameters –Tp-e interval, as well as Tpe/QT and Tpe/QTc ratios – were used to make this assessment. Methods The study population consisted of 87 subjects aged between 16-19 years. Fifty-one adolescent smokers with no risk of arrhythmia comprised the Smoker Group, and 36 adolescents who had never smoked cigarettes comprised the Control Group. Smokers were defined as patients smoking more than three cigarettes per day, for at least 1 year. Body mass index, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures were measured, and electrocardiograms were performed on all subjects. Heart rate, PR and Tp-e intervals, and Tpe/QT, Tpe/QTc ratio were digitally measured. Results Adolescents in Smoker Group had smoked cigarettes for 2.9±1.4 years (range 1 to 6 years). The mean age at starting smoking was 13.8±1.4 years. There were no differences between smokers and Control Group as to baseline clinical variables (p>0.05). The PR, QT and QTc intervals were similar in all groups. Tp-e interval (98.4±12.7ms and 78.3±6.9 ms; p<0.001), Tpe/QT (0.28±0.04 and 22±0.03; p<0.01), Tpe/QTc (0.24±0.03 and 0.19±0.01; p<0.001) ratios were significantly higher in Smoker Group. There were no correlations between years of smoking, number of cigarettes per day, Tpe interval, Tpe/QT or Tpe/QTc ratios. Conclusion Cigarette smoking is associated with risk of ventricular arrhytmogenesis with prolonged Tp-e interval and increased Tpe/QT and Tpe/QTc ratios in adolescents.

Determination of the Transverse Centre of Rotation of the Knee Using CAT Scans

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E Brunet ◽  
Mark A Kester ◽  
Stephen D Cook ◽  
Ray J Haddad ◽  
Harry B Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Posterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Centre Of Rotation

Digitized serial CAT scans of four non-embalmed cadaver knees were used in the computer-aided determination of the longitudinal (internal-external) centres of rotation. The mean and standard deviation of the centre of rotation locations were calculated both before and after sectioning the anterior cruciate ligament. Regardless of anterior cruciate ligament status, the mean location of the centre of rotation was on the tibial spine, slightly anterior to the origin of the posterior cruciate ligament. However, upon sectioning of the anterior cruciate ligament, the standard deviation of the centre of rotation location increased markedly in the latero-medial direction in three of the four legs tested.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document