The radiolysis of gaseous trifluoromethyl iodide

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Shah ◽  
DR Stranks ◽  
R Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Decomposition Mechanism ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Ion Clusters ◽  
High Yields

γ-Radiolysis of gaseous CF3I produces CF4 (G = 0.77), C2F6 (G = 3.0), C2F4 (G = O.89), and 12 (G = 4.08). In the presence of nitric oxide or bromine, the fluorocarbon products are removed and high yields of scavenged products are obtained. In the presence of NO, G(I2) is 11.6; in the presence of Br2, G(CF3Br) is 20.1. Competition experiments using Br2 and Cl2 indicate that thermal free radicals are responsible for a major part of the decomposition mechanism. The high radical yields may be due to short chain reactions involving excited iodine atoms or recombination of ion clusters.

scholarly journals Free Radical Chemistry of White Phosphorus: γ-Irradiation of P4 in Bromoform

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 916-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Airey ◽  
H. Drawe ◽  
A. Henglein
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
White Phosphorus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Red Phosphorus ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Free Radical Chemistry

CHBr2PBr2 and (CHBr2)2PBr are formed in high yields and in preparatively useful amounts when solutions of white phosphorus in bromoform are exposed to γ-radiation. In the first stages of irradiation, a red phosphorus containing many groups from the solvent is the only reaction product. About 1000 molecules of P4 are consumed per 100 eV of energy absorbed. In the later stages of irradiation, free radicals from the solvent attack this red phosphorus and lead to the formation of bromophosphines in high yield. Chain reactions are formulated for the formation of both the red phosphorus and the bromophosphines.

The flash photolysis of oximes

1970 ◽  
Vol 315 (1522) ◽  
pp. 287-300 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Photochemical Reaction ◽  
Flash Photolysis ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Mechanism ◽  
Adiabatic Conditions ◽  
Primary Photochemical Reaction

The flash photolysis of formaldoxime and acetaldoxime has been studied under isothermal and adiabatic conditions. The predominant primary photochemical reaction produces R1RsCN. and OH free radicals. Isothermal experiments show that R1R2CN* radicals are not very reactive, whereas H-atom abstraction by OH is fast OH+CH 2 NOH = H 2 O + CHNOH k 300 K = 3.8 x 10 8 1mol -1 s -1 (±50% ) OH + CH 3 CHNOH = H 2 O + CH 3 CNOH k 300 K = 1.3 x 109 1mol --1 s -1 (±50% ). Under adiabatic conditions, the oximes decompose by a short chain mechanism with OH as the chain-propagating radical. Nitric oxide accelerates the decomposition by sensitizing the production of hydroxyl radicals.

NITRIC OXIDE, FREE RADICALS AND CELL SIGNALLING IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 384S-384S
Author(s):  
Victor M. Darley-Usmar ◽  
Joanne McAndrew ◽  
Roger White ◽  
Rakesh Patel ◽  
Doug Moellering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cell Signalling

scholarly journals The detection and inhibition of free radical chain reactions

1942 ◽  
Vol 180 (982) ◽  
pp. 237-256 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Pressure Increase ◽  
Stationary States ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Radical Chain ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Limiting Values

Part I. Comparison of nitric oxide and propylene as inhibitors The reduction by propylene of the rate of pressure increase in the decomposition of propaldehyde at 550° has been shown by chemical analysis to represent a true inhibition of the reaction, and not to be due n an important degree to an induced polymerization of the propylene. With propaldehyde and with diethyl ether the limiting values to which the decomposition rates are reduced by nitric oxide and by propylene respectively are the same, although much more propylene is required to produce a given degree of inhibition. From this it is concluded that the limiting rates are more probably those of independent non-chain processes, than those characteristic of stationary states where the inhibitor starts and stops chains with equal efficiency.

Investigating Benzene and Metabolite Mediated Alterations in Nrf2 Signaling in Murine Fetal Liver Cells

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enoch Lam
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Additional Cell ◽  
Other Substances

Leukemia is a cancer of the blood, where the body produces an overabundance of immature white blood cells. It is the most common childhood cancer and possibly originates from chemical exposure during fetal development. Understanding the molecular mechanism and causes of childhood leukemia will help the development of therapeutic and preventative strategies to reduce and treat occurrences of this cancer. Benzene is a non-polar aromatic ring that has been confirmed to cause leukemia in adults. Benzene metabolites can generate free radicals that could potentially be involved in the development of childhood leukemia through in utero exposures. It is found in tobacco smoke, gasoline, industrial solvents and many other substances. Pregnant mothers can be chronically exposed to these substances through daily activities. In order to help determine the mechanism of benzene toxicity, a study was performed to determine the presence of free radicals in the livers of fetal mice at gestation day 14. Fetal liver cell cultures were exposed to varying concentrations of benzene and additional cell cultures were exposed to various concentrations of a benzene metabolite mixture, composed of hydroquinone and benzoquinone. RNA was extracted from these cells and converted into complementary DNA. cDNA was then used in quantitative polymerase chain reactions to analyze a set of genes that are regulated by an antioxidant pathway. This pathway can be activated in response to oxidative stress, and a change in gene expression would indicate the presence of benzene or benzene metabolite toxicity in the liver at gestation day 14.

scholarly journals Effects of short chain alkanols on the inducible nitric oxide synthase in a glial cell line

1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 1253-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J Syapin ◽  
Alexia Rendon ◽  
David R Huron ◽  
Julius D Militante
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Glial Cell ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

The Role of Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Cytokine-Induced Antiproliferation of Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Pancreas ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Thomas ◽  
Deborah L. Thomas ◽  
Joseph A. Knezetic ◽  
Thomas E. Adrian
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cells ◽  
Oxygen Derived Free Radicals
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