scholarly journals Agromorphological characterization, cyanogenesis and productivity of accessions of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) collected in Northern Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Oliveira ◽  
J.E. López ◽  
P. Palencia
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Livestock Systems

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is an essential element of sustainable livestock systems in temperate climates because of its adaptability to a range of management and soil fertility conditions. The performance of 15 accessions of white clover collected in northern Spain, and of two cultivars, the medium-leaved Huia and the large-leaved California, grown as spaced plants in Galicia, and in sward plots in Asturias was compared over a period of two years. The data obtained were reduced to two principal components that cumulatively explained 92.4% of the total variance. Cluster analysis identified three groups of accessions that described 71% of the phenotypic variation among accessions. One group of five accessions collected from upland sites was characterized by low dry matter yield, low height, reduced plant spread, short petioles, small leaves and thin stolons. This group can be defined as small-leaved and of interest for gardening. Another group, composed only by the cv. California and the cv. Huia, was characterized by high plant spread and height, long wide leaves and thick petioles and stolons; dry matter yields were similar to those of the first group. The last group, which includes ten accessions collected from low and medium altitude sites, had the highest dry matter yields and intermediate morphological character between the previous groups. This group can be defined as medium-leaved and of interest for grazing and/or cutting.

Genotypic evaluation of introduced white clover (Trifolium repens L.) germplasm in New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 897 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Z. Jahufer ◽  
J. L. Ford ◽  
D. R. W. Woodfield ◽  
B. A. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
F1 Progeny ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

Optimal evaluation and use of introduced germplasm for species improvement is an ongoing challenge. Research was conducted to survey a select set of introduced white clover (Trifolium repens L.) germplasm from broad geographic origins to assess their genetic potential, based on F1 crosses to elite New Zealand cultivars. The bulk progeny generated from test crosses to Grasslands cultivars Demand, Sustain and Kopu II were evaluated at Palmerston North under rotational grazing by sheep. The replicated trial consisted of the 26 germplasm accessions, three cultivars used as maternal parents, and 78 F1 bulk progeny breeding lines. Three morphological traits and estimated seasonal dry matter yield were measured over four years. Significant (P < 0.05) genotypic variation was observed for all these traits among the parents and F1 progeny lines. F1 progeny lines with traits values greater than the cultivars were identified. Significant (P < 0.05) genotype-by-season (σ2gs) and genotype-by-year (σ2gy) interactions were estimated for dry matter yield. Principle component analysis of the F1 progeny-by-trait BLUP matrix identified 16 elite progeny lines with mean seasonal dry matter yield equal to or higher than the cultivars. Half of the lines had Demand as the cultivar parent, while only three had Kopu II as a parent. Fourteen of these progeny lines were derived from crosses to Australasian adapted germplasm. This study indicated that choice of adapted cultivar with which to cross is important, and introduced germplasm from Australasia is a valuable source of adaptive variation in these F1 progeny. More complex approaches may be needed to identify and use adaptive allelic variation from germplasm sources beyond Australasia.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of pastoral fallowing on the distribution and performance of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in a hill country pasture

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.N. Nie ◽  
I. Valentine ◽  
A.D. Mackay ◽  
D.J. Barker ◽  
J. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
And Performance

Previous work found that white clover (Trifolium repens L.) yield initially decreased, but subsequently increased following a pastoral fallow. The objective of this research was to quantify the response in herbage production and stolon characteristics of white clover up to 4 years after fallowing. Four treatments were used: fallowed 1990/91 (F4), fallowed 1991/92 (F3), fallowed 1993/94 (F1) and non-fallowed (F0). The fallowing period was between September and May. White clover dry matter yield (between 15/12/94 and 18/5/95) was significantly greater for the treatment F4 than F0 (P

Factors affecting the hydrogen cyanide potential of white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Vickery ◽  
JL Wheeler ◽  
C Mulcahy
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Pot experiments were used to determine the effects of age, light, temperature, mineral nutrition and wilting on the HCN potential (HCNp ) of white clover (Trifolium repens L.). HCNp, adjusted for pre-expenmental HCNp, was reduced by higher light intensity (505 v. 220 mg HCN kg-1 DM), by increased temperature (408 v. 317 mg HCN kg-1 DM) and by phosphorus application (382 v. 343 mg HCN kg-1 DM). These effects were largely explained by the hypothesis that HCNp diminished as the size and vigour of the plant increased, and the use of dry matter production as a covariate on HCNp removed the significant effects of light, temperature and phosphorus. In two experiments wilting plants prior to harvest increased HCNp by 15 and 24%, and reduced dry matter yield by 9 and 13%. HCNp declined curvilinearly as the white clover aged. The conditions shown to favour high HCNp, namely, immaturity, moisture stress, low light intensity, cool temperature, and inadequate P supply, are those which occur periodically in the late autumn and early spring of temperate climates. Sheep in late pregnancy at this time, could, if white clover comprises a substantial proportion of their diet, experience thiocyanate absorption as a consequence of HCN detoxication and hence increase the risk of goitri to the lamb.

EFFECTS OF USING OATS AS A COMPANION CROP WITH ORCHARDGRASS, DACTYLIS GLOMERATA L., AND WHITE CLOVER, TRIFOLIUM REPENS L., SOWN FOR PASTURE

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. P. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Companion Crop ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Yield Of Oats

The effect of an oat companion crop upon the establishment and subsequent pasture yield of orchardgrass and Ladino clover was studied at Agassiz, British Columbia. In the year of seeding, oats, irrespective of stage of harvest, provided a degree of weed control and reduced the dry matter yield of orchardgrass and white clover. The reduction in yield for grass and clover persisted into the second year under the silage and grain management, whereas when the oats were harvested for pasture the yields of grass and clover were equal to or greater than the yields of grass and clover grown without a companion crop. Management was more important than rate of seeding the companion crop with respect to the yield of oats, grass, and clover. The herbicide MCPA caused a reduction in dry matter yield for grass and clover in the year following application and was generally less effective for weed control than the oat companion crop.

Paths and mechanisms of moisture movements in detached leaves of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) II. Effects of lamina treatment losses of petiole moisture

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Drying Rates

Drying rates of laminae and petioles of detached leaves of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were measured after lamina treatments involving crushing, slitting, and drying in hot or humid air. Lamina transpiration of petiole moisture ceased at a lamina moisture content of approximately 1.5 g moisture per g dry matter (g/g). Delaying the drying of laminae to this level increased the rate of drying of petioles, but only to a petiole moisture content of approximately 4 g/g. Thereafter, lamina transpiration of petiole moisture, if it continued, was alternative to, but no more rapid than, transpiration direct from petiole surfaces. Implications concerning field drying of harvested clover are considered.

scholarly journals DNA fingerprinting and genetic relationships among white clover cultivars

2003 ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Z.Z. Jahufer ◽  
B.A. Barrett ◽  
A.G. Griffiths ◽  
D.R. Woodfield
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

Genetic diversity provides the raw material for plant improvement programmes. The assessment of genetic diversity is commonly based on plant morphology; however, this indirect measure of genetic diversity is often confounded by environmental effects. Microsatellite (SSR) markers are a powerful tool that directly measures variation among plants at the DNA level. We assayed the pattern of relatedness among 32 white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivars using 39 SSR markers that are evenly distributed within the white clover genome. The 390 alleles detected were used to quantify the 496 pairwise genetic similarity estimates among the cultivars, detecting a mean value of 0.56 (range 0.44 - 0.68). Cluster analysis assigned the 32 cultivars to 14 clusters based on their genetic similar ity. The resulting clusters revealed strong correlation with known genetic relationships based on pedigree and the geographic origin of the parental germplasm. The development of a DNA fingerprinting technique based on high-throughput SSR markers has potential applications in plant variety rights, seed certification and variety identification in grazed pastures. Keywords: cluster analysis, DNA fingerpr inting, genetic diversity, microsatellite , molecular markers, Trifolium repens L

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