The increased hydrocyanic acid in drought-stressed sorghums could be alleviated by plant growth regulators

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
A. A. Shehab ◽  
Luhua Yao ◽  
Liangliang Wei ◽  
Dengke Wang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Meja Treatment ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes

Droughts not only reduce the biomass of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) but also increase the risk of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) toxicity to animals, mainly due to increased HCN content in drought-stressed plants. In the present study, the variations of HCN contents in 12 sorghum genotypes (10 sweet sorghum cultivars, one Sudangrass and one forage sorghum) were investigated at jointing, filling and ripening stages under rainfed conditions. Next, three genotypes – one sweet sorghum, one Sudangrass and one forage sorghum – were further selected to elucidate the physiological mechanisms of plant growth regulators (PGRs) (abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)) in mitigating the concentrations of HCN in drought-stressed plants in a pot experiment. About 100 µg/L ABA and 100 µg/L MeJA were sprayed separately or together twice on drought-stressed (50 and 75% field water capacity) plant leaf. The drought lasted for 15 days. In the field experiment the HCN content in plants reduced from jointing to filling stages then increased from filling to ripening stages in several cultivars. In the pot experiment, drought increased the HCN accumulation and soluble protein content in leaves of all three genotypes. PGRs overall reduced the HCN contents in drought-stressed sweet sorghum and Sudangrass but not in forage sorghum (except in the ABA+MeJA treatment). However, the soluble protein contents were reduced by PGRs in drought-stressed forage sorghum but not in sweet sorghum (except in the ABA+MeJA treatment) and Sudangrass. Both ABA and MeJA increased the plant weights, whereas only MeJA enhanced net photosynthetic rate (PN) in all three genotypes. PGRs reduced release rate of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in all drought-stressed plants, and reduced the activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase in sweet sorghum but not in other two genotypes. These results suggest that exogenous ABA and MeJA could increase plant weight and reduce HCN content in drought-stressed sorghums, with varying physiological responsive mechanisms among sorghum genotypes.

TECHNOLOGICAL PROFILE OF SWEET SORGHUM JUICE cv. CMSXS-646 SUBMITTED TO CHEMICAL RIPENERS APPLICATION AND SAMPLING PERIODS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUNO RAFAEL ALMEIDA MOREIRA ◽  
RONALDO SILVA VIANA ◽  
GUSTAVO PAVAN MATEUS ◽  
MATHEUS LUIS OLIVEIRA CUNHA
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total Reducing Sugars

ABSTRACT - There is a little information about sweet sorghum crop behavior under chemical ripeners spraying management. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the technological profile of sweet sorghum (cv. CMSXS-646) juice under spraying of plant growth regulators and sampling periods. A randomized complete block experimental factorial design was used, with an additional control treatment (arrangement 2x2+1), corresponding to two chemical ripeners with three-doses for each product, glyphosate (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 l c.p. ha-1) and methyl-sulfumeturon (10, 20, and 30 g c.p. ha-1), two sampling periods (15 and 30-days after spraying - DAS) and one control treatment (water spraying). After crop harvest, stalks were milled using a hydraulic press and the derived juice was assessed for total soluble solids (°Brix), apparent sucrose (POL), purity (PRT), reducing sugars (RS), total reducing sugars (TRS), fibers (FIB) and recoverable theoretical sugars (RTS). The dataset was subjected to the Shapiro-Wilk, Fisher, Tukey, Pearson and multiple linear regression statistical tests (p<0.05). There was an interaction between causes of variation for almost all assessed characteristics except to RTS, only affected by the sampling period. As conclusion, it is possible to grow sweet sorghum (cv. CMSXS-646) till thirty-days after spraying of chemical ripeners, treated by glyphosate 0.4 l c.p. ha-1 or sulfumeturon-methyl 10 g c.p. ha-1, because these doses caused feedstock with high °Brix, POL, total reducing sugars, purity levels.Keywords: Sorghum spp., phytorregulators, plant growth regulators, glyphosate, sulfumeturon-methyl. PERFIL TECNOLÓGICO DE CALDO DE SORGO SACARINO (cv. CMSXS-646) SUBMETIDO À APLICAÇÃO DE MATURADORES QUÍMICOS E ÉPOCAS DE AMOSTRAGEMRESUMO – Há poucas informações sobre o comportamento da cultura do sorgo sacarino sob manejo de aplicação de maturadores químicos. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o perfil tecnológico de caldo de sorgo sacarino cv. CMSXS-646 submetido à aplicação de maturadores químicos e períodos de amostragem. Aplicou-se o delineamento de blocos inteiramente casualizados, em esquema de fatorial (2x2+1), correspondente a dois maturadores químicos com três dosagens - glifosato (0,2; 0,4 e 0,8 l p.c. ha-1) e sulfumeturon-metil (10, 20 e 30 g p.c. ha-1); dois períodos de amostragem (15 e 30 dias após aplicação - DAA); e um tratamento controle (aplicação de água). Após a colheita, destinaram-se colmos à moagem, realizada em prensa hidráulica, para extração de caldo; avaliaram-se sólidos solúveis totais (°Brix), sacarose aparente (POL), pureza (PRT), açúcares redutores (AR), açúcares redutores totais (ART), fibras (FIB) e açúcares teóricos recuperáveis (ATR). Ao conjunto de dados, aplicaram-se testes estatísticos, Shapiro- Wilk, Fisher, Tukey, Pearson e regressão múltipla, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Houve interação entre as causas de variação para quase todas as características, exceto ATR, influenciado, somente, pelo período de amostragem. Concluiu-se que a aplicação dos maturadores químicos glifosato 0,4 l c.p. ha-1 e sulfumeturon-metil 10 g p.c. ha-1 apresentou um incremento na qualidade da matéria-prima com alto teor de °Brix, POL, açúcares redutores totais e níveis de pureza trinta dias após a pulverização dos maturadores.Palavras-chave: Sorghum spp., fitorreguladores, reguladores de crescimento vegetal,

scholarly journals Effects of plant growth regulators on the growth and lipid accumulation in the solid endosperm of Ta Xanh coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Bup Kim Nguyen ◽  
Tien Thi Thuy Le ◽  
Viet Trang Bui
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L ◽  
Positive Effect

The growth of Ta Xanh coconut fruit is divided into four stages: slow growth, rapid growth, mature and ripening. In the mature and ripening stages, lipid accumulation increased at the strongest level in the endosperm. This study was conducted with the purpose of studying the effects of plant growth regulators on the growth and lipid accumulation in copra (solid endosperm) from the mature to ripening stage in Ta Xanh coconut fruit. Fresh weight, dry weight and lipid content in solid endosperm after treatments with 1 mg/L NAA, 10 mg/L BA and 20 mg/L GA3 individually or in combination with ethrel were determined. Results showed that the treatment of 20 mg/L GA3 on the 8-month-old fruits increased the copra fresh weight and dry weight. Treatments of 1 mg/L NAA, 20 mg/l GA3 or 200-250 mg/L ethrel on the 10-month-old fruits increased the ratio of lipid in the copra of each fruit. Treatment of 200 mg/L ethrel had a positive effect on increasing of the fresh weight, dry weight and lipid concent in the solid endosperm of the 10-month-old Ta Xanh coconut after 1 or 2 weeks of combinated treatment of 1 mg/L NAA, 10 mg/L BA and 20 mg/L GA3.

scholarly journals Plant growth regulators on sweet sorghum: physiological and nutritional value analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Rodrigues Macedo ◽  
Diego Kitahara Araújo ◽  
Valdinei Moreira Santos ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Camargo e Castro ◽  
Gisele Machado Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Value Analysis

Sweet sorghum has gained attention in tropical and subtropical regions because of its potential as a bioenergy crop. The present research was carried out to evaluate the physiological, biochemical and nutritional characteristics of sweet sorghum submitted to six plant growth regulators (thiamethoxam, biostimulant mixture, gibberellic acid, chlormequat chloride, ethephon, and trinexapac-ethyl). The compounds were applied via foliar spraying in order to increase the productive potential of plants and reduce the carbohydrates sink strength by inflorescences. The experiment was conducted in pots and the following variables were evaluated: plant height, inflorescence dry matter, soluble solids content, shoot dry matter, crude protein, ashes, neutral detergent fiber and in vitro digestibility. It were observed the action of trinexapac-ethyl and ethephon to reduce the inflorescence dry matter, chlormequat chloride to increase the shoot dry matter, and trinexapac-ethyl to improve ashes content and reduce the neutral detergent fiber contents. These results indicate that chlormequat chloride and trinexapac-ethyl are effective in restricting the plant growth and increasing sorghum nutritional quality.

Wheat regenerants in the system of rapid assessment of the effect of 24-epibrassinolide

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-397
Author(s):  
Seldimirova O.A. ◽  
M.V. Bezrukova ◽  
N.N. Кruglova ◽  
F.М. Shakirova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Immature Embryo ◽  
Model System ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Experimental Model System

The influence of 24-epibrassinolide on the efficiency of regenerants obtained from embryonic calli formation was studied in wheat cultivars contrast for drought resistance. The possibility of using the experimental model system «immature embryo – embryonic callus – regenerant» in the rapid assessment of the effect of antistress plant growth regulators is shown.

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