Factors influencing the rooting of Gisela 5 (Prunus cerasus × Prunus canescens) cherry rootstock hardwood cuttings

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Exadaktylou ◽  
T. Thomidis ◽  
C. Tsipouridis ◽  
B. Grout
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings ◽  
Double Splitting ◽  
Bottom Heat ◽  
Collection Date ◽  
Gisela 5

In this study, the effect of double splitting, cooling in pre-storage, collection date, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) dipping of shoot tip and base, gibberellic acid (GA3), Agrobacterium radiobacter and A. rhizogenes on the callusing and rooting of Gisela 5 cherry rootstock hardwood cuttings was investigated. Double splitting and bacteria did not affect the callusing and rooting of cuttings. The callusing and rooting of cuttings kept at 0–3°C for 15 days or more were significantly reduced. The callusing and rooting percentages were highest when only the base of cuttings was treated with 1000 mg/L IBA solution. The rooting percentage of cuttings increased when 10–20 mg/L GA3 was applied the same day cuttings were placed on a bottom heat bench. The results showed that the best periods to collect Gisela 5 hardwood cuttings were the later half of November and early March. No correlation between the collection date and starch content, and the starch content and the callusing and rooting of Gisela 5 hardwood cuttings was found.

scholarly journals Methods to Improve the Rooting of Hardwood Cuttings of the ‘Gisela 5’ Cherry Rootstock

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efstathia Exadaktylou ◽  
Thomas Thomidis ◽  
Brian Grout ◽  
George Zakynthinos ◽  
Constantinos Tsipouridis
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings ◽  
Bottom Heat ◽  
Gisela 5

The effect of external factors on the rooting of hardwood cuttings of the ‘Gisela 5’ cherry rootstock (Prunus cerasus × Prunus canescens) was studied. Experiments were conducted with cuttings of different lengths (15, 20, 25, and 30 cm) and diameters (6 to 8, 9 to 11, and 12 to 14 mm) and with different indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 g·L−1). Significantly improved rooting was achieved using cuttings 20 cm long and 9 to 11 mm in diameter collected in November or March from the upper part of the parent shoot and subsequently quick-dipped in 1 g·L−1 IBA solution. Cuttings placed vertically in perlite:peat (1:1) or perlite with bottom heat gave the best rooting percentage. No effect on callusing or rooting of cuttings was found after incubation of cutting in suspensions of Agrobacterium rubi. If the optimal combination of factors is selected, ‘Gisela 5’ can be propagated from hardwood cuttings with a rooting efficiency of ≈50%.

scholarly journals Propagation of Twelve Alaska Native Plants by Summer Stem Cuttings

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
Patricia S. Holloway ◽  
Mia R. Peterburs
Keyword(s):  
Alaska Native ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Alnus Viridis ◽  
Dwarf Birch ◽  
Labrador Tea ◽  
Bottom Heat ◽  
Salix Bebbiana ◽  
Collection Date

Abstract Twelve Alaska native plants were propagated from softwood and semi-hardwood stem cuttings collected from late June through August. Cuttings of new growth were treated with 0.3% indole-3-butyric acid powder and propagated in horticultural grade perlite and vermiculite (1:1 by vol) under intermittent mist with bottom heat [26C (79F)] in a greenhouse with a minimum night temperature of 15C (59F). After 6 weeks, cuttings were harvested and evaluated for rooting percentage and root quantity. Four species rooted poorly (< 25%) regardless of collection date: Siberian alder (Alnus viridis ssp. fruticosa), silverberry (Elaeagnus commutata), Bebb willow (Salix bebbiana) and shrub birch (Betula glandulosa). Best rooting (> 80%) occurred June 20 for: Beauverd spiraea (Spiraea stevenii), sweetgale (Myrica gale), and thinleaf alder (Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia). Peak rooting for dwarf birch (Betula nana), feltleaf willow (Salix alaxensis), balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera), Labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum) and littletree willow (Salix arbusculoides) was early to mid July. During peak rooting times, all successful species developed adequate root quantities for survival following transplanting.

Studies of the rooting of cuttings of Hydrangea macrophylla: enzyme changes

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Molnar ◽  
L. J. LaCroix
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings ◽  
Enzyme Changes

Enzyme changes in root initials of Hydrangea macrophylla during adventitious root formation are described. Extensive changes in enzyme activity were demonstrated by histochemical staining and all enzymes investigated showed increased activity in the tissue responsible for root initiation.The earliest change observed was that of peroxidase in the phloem and xylem ray cells. This was followed by a change in the activity of cytochrome oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase. Alpha-amylase was localized by the substrate film method. The highest amylase activity was demonstrated in the epidermal tissues and vascular bundles. As the root primordia developed, enzyme activity shifted from the vascular bundles to the periphery of the bundles. A positive correlation was found between the starch content and root number of cuttings.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of cherry rootstock Gisela 5 (Prunus cerasus × Prunus canescens) shoot tips by droplet-vitrification technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djurdjina Ružić ◽  
Tatjana Vujović ◽  
Radosav Cerović
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Droplet Vitrification ◽  
Vitrification Solution ◽  
Gisela 5

ABSTRACT The droplet-vitrification technique was applied to in vitro shoot tips of cherry rootstock Gisela 5 (Prunus cerasus × Prunus canescens). Explants were precultured in the dark at 23 °C, in liquid MS medium with a progressively increasing sucrose concentration (0.3 M for 15 h, then 0.7 M for 5 h). Loading involved a 30 min incubation of explants in a solution comprising 1.9 M glycerol and 0.5 M sucrose. Explants were dehydrated at room temperature using a solution PVS A3 [Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium, 22.5% (w/v) sucrose, 37.5% (w/v) glycerol, 15% (w/v) ethylene glycol and 15% (w/v) dimethylsulfoxide] for 30, 40 and 50 min and the PVS3 solution [MS liquid medium, 50% (w/v) sucrose, 50% (w/v) glycerol] for 60, 90 and 120 min. Explants were cooled by direct immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN) in 10 μl droplets of vitrification solution placed on aluminum foil strips. The foil strips were retrieved from LN and immersed in preheated (37 °C) unloading solution (0.8 M sucrose) for 30 s, and an equal volume of unloading solution at room temperature was added for further incubation for 30 min. Shoot tips were transferred onto the regrowth medium, cultivated in the dark for 7 days before being incubated under standard conditions. Three weeks after transferring the shoot tips onto the regrowth medium, the survival rate of control and cryopreserved explants of Gisela 5 dehydrated with PVS A3 was 100%, regardless of the treatment duration. After dehydration with solution PVS3, the survival varied between 70 and 100% for control explants and 78 and 95% for cryopreserved shoot tips. Gisela 5 shoot tips dehydrated for 40 min with PVS A3 vitrification solution demonstrated the best regrowth (38%). When using the PVS3 solution, survival of cryopreserved shoot tips was the highest (95%) after 60 min treatment followed by 40% regrowth. After three successive subcultures on shoot multiplication, medium shoots recovered viability, multiplication ability and morphology equal of that prior to cryopreservation.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of cherry rootstock Gisela 5 using vitrification procedure

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dj. Ružić ◽  
T. Vujović ◽  
R. Cerović
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Gisela 5

In vitro-grown shoot tips of Gisela 5 (Prunus cerasus × Prunus canescens) cherry rootstock were tested for regrowth after cryopreservation using vitrification technique. Explants were precultured in the dark at 23°C, in a liquid MS medium with a progressively increasing sucrose concentration (0.3 M for 15 h, then 0.7 M for 5 h), and subsequently loaded in a solution containing 2 M glycerol and 0.4 M sucrose for 20 minutes. Shoot tips were dehydrated at 0°C using either the original PVS2 or modified PVS2 solution (PVS A3 – 22.5% sucrose, 37.5% glycerol, 15% ethylene glycol and 15% DMSO) for 30, 40 and 50 minutes. The survival and regrowth of the cryopreserved shoot tips dehydrated with the original PVS2 solution ranged between 36–54% and 8–17%, respectively. However, the dehydration with the PVS A3 solution resulted in considerably higher survival rates (81–92%), as well as higher regrowth rates (39–56%) after cryopreservation. These results prove the feasibility of the PVS A3-based vitrification technique for a long-term storage of this genotype.  

scholarly journals Dietary factors influencing the digestion of starch in the rumen and small and large intestine of early weaned lambs

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
C. Fraser ◽  
R. N. B. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
High Starch Content ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Dietary Starch ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

1. Lambs fitted with cannulas in the abomasum, terminal ileum and caecum were used to study the digestion of starch and dry matter when rations with high starch content were given. Polyethylene glycol was used as an indigestible reference substance.2. In Expt I reduction in level of feeding from an estimated ad lib. intake to 70% of this level reduced the amount of dietary starch escaping fermentation in the rumen from 6.8 to 4.4% of intake on a barley diet and from 12.8 to 7.7% on a diet consisting of 40% dried grass and 60 yo barley. Inclusion of 40% chopped dried grass in the diet increased the amount of dietary starch escaping fermentation in the rumen. There appeared to be a linear relationship between the concentrations of starch in abornasal and ilcal dry matter, indicating a limited capacity for starch digestion in the small intestine.3. In Expt 2 a barley diet was compared with diets based on flaked maize, ground maize or cracked maize. With these diets the percentage of dietary starch escaping fermentation in the rumen was respectively 6.2, 5.4, 12.1 and 142, showing that more starch escapes fermentation with uncooked maize diets than with barley diets.4. The molar proportions of volatile fatty acids produced by fermentation in the caecum were apparently influenced by the amount of starch passing to the intestines. The highest proportion of acetic acid (78%) was associated with 4.5% of starch in abomasal dry matter, and the lowest proportion (57%)was associated with 20.1% of starch in abomasal dry matter.5. The possible relationships between the extent of fermentation in the rumen and energy and nitrogen metabolism are discussed.

PRODUCTION OF GIBBERELLIN-LIKE SUBSTANCES BY BACTERIA AND ACTINOMYCETES

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Katznelson ◽  
Shirley E. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Bacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Microbial Synthesis ◽  
Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Maximum Benefit

The production of gibberellin-like substances by bacteria and actinomycetes was investigated. Most of the bacterial cultures tested produced a gibberellic acid-like substance (A3) in amounts varying from 1 to 14 μg/liter. The production of a gibberellin-A9-like compound was much more limited, 6 out of 15 cultures yielding small amounts. Six out of 11 actinomycetes showed evidence of A3 synthesis; two produced A9. Antigibberellin substances co-chromatographing with A3 were detected in culture filtrates of Bacillus polymyxa and two actionmycetes. Cultural conditions and concentration of the ingredients of the medium influenced gibberellin synthesis by Agrobacterium radiobacter. Production of these substances was not growth linked and none was detected in stationary cultures. Microbial synthesis of the gibberellins was demonstrated also by means of assays with the dwarf maize mutants d1, d2, and d5.As added to soil was rapidly inactivated and it was postulated that the plant could derive maximum benefit from microbial synthesis of gibberellins and related substances only at the root surface—the rhizoplane.

CO 2 effects on the waterlogging response of ‘Gisela 5’ and ‘Gisela 6’ ( Prunus cerasus x Prunus canescens ) sweet cherry ( Prunus avium ) rootstocks

2017 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 178-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Pérez-Jiménez ◽  
María Hernández-Munuera ◽  
M. Carmen Piñero ◽  
Gregorio López-Ortega ◽  
Francisco M. del Amor
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Gisela 5 ◽  
Gisela 6

Chick rearing X. Roughage and protein as dietary factors influencing coccidiosis in chicks, with notes on the limitation of sulphamezathine in the control of coccidiosis

1947 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Barton Mann
Keyword(s):  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Factors Influencing

Caecal coccidiosis of rather more than usual severity has been found to develop in chicks folded on a stemmy type perennial rye grass pasture at Hanns Hall Farm this season.Subsequent brooder house experiments have demonstrated that chicks receiving a diet relatively low in protein and fibre content and relatively high in starch content, as cereals, failed to develop coccidiosis when subjected to severe infestation by coccidial oocysts, while the chicks in the same brooder house on a diet containing more roughage developed acute coccidiosis, and other chicks in the same brooder house on a diet containing a relatively high proportion of protein developed chronic coccidiosis.As these experiments have shown that coccidiosis occurs on diets designed to promote proliferation of anaerobic bacteria in the intestines, and, conversely, does not occur when chicks are fed a diet designed to depress the proliferation of undesirable bacteria in the intestines, it would appear that coccidiosis in chicks is a secondary complaint, the primary aetiological agents being bacteria which proliferate to excess in the presence of roughage or protein.Attention is drawn to the occurrence of postcoccidial abscesses which may occur after apparent successful treatment with Sulphamezathine for the cure of coccidiosis.

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