The effectiveness of agrotextile cover with organic photoluminophore in rooting cuttings of Hungarian lilac (Syringa josikaea J. Jacq. ex Rchb.)

The effectiveness of the use of a light-transforming shelter of vegetation structures consisting of a polypropylene spunbond with an organic photoluminophore integrated into its structure during the rooting of physiologically active stem cuttings of Hungarian lilac was studied. The object of the study was reproductively mature Hungarian lilac plants located in the arboretum of the Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy with geographical coordinates 56°14'32.7” N 43°57'20.7”E. The unequal reaction of the tested samples of Hungarian lilac to the use of luminophore in the shelters of vegetation structures during the rooting of cuttings was established, which manifested itself in all characteristics of regeneration processes. High rates of callus formation were in the shelter variants with a higher concentration of luminophore: 73.16 ± 5.95% and 65.25± 4.80%. Lower than in other shelters, the result was recorded in the variant with the lowest luminophore density: 47.00 ± 3.62%.

Estimation of the efficiency of rooting varieties of Berberis Thunbergia DC. by the method of green shearing

In this work, the results of evaluating the differences in the variants of the three-factor experiment on rooting of varieties of Barberry Thunberg (Berberis thunbergii DC.) By factors: varietal characteristics, the number of nodes and the use of a root formation regulator are considered. The study involved cuttings of the following varieties: ‘Dart’s Red Lädy’, ‘Kobold’, ‘Golden Ring’, ‘Harlequin’, ‘Rosetta’, ‘Red Chief’ and ‘Aurea’. 4- (indol-3-yl) butyric acid (trademark "Kornevin") was used as a root formation stimulator by the method of dusting. The green cuttings had 2 and 3 knots. The results of analysis of variance on the variability of the average total root length in green cuttings depending on varietal characteristics, dusting with a root formation stimulator and the number of nodes made it possible to establish that the ‘Red Chief’ variety had the maximum average total root length and was significantly different from all other varieties. The average total length of roots when using a root formation stimulator is significantly higher than in the control variant. Cuttings with three nodes reliably had a large average total root length. Based on the results obtained, it is assumed that the use of a root formation stimulator and rooting of cuttings with three nodes has a positive effect on the rooting processes of barberry cuttings. Keywords: BERBERIS THUNBERGII, THUNBERG BARBERRY, GREEN CUTTINGS, 4- (INDOL-3-YL) BUTYRIC ACID, KORNEVIN, KNOTS

Clonal Propagation of Coffea arabica with Indole Butyric Acid and Acclimatization Conditions in Amazonas, Peru

The use of hormones is important in improving the propagation process. The objective of the experiment was to identify the best dose of indole butyric acid (IBA) hormone for the rooting of coffee cuttings of the typical variety through clonal propagation in the Amazon region. The experiment was carried out in two stages. Both stages were carried out under a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The percentage of rooting of cuttings and the number of roots were evaluated. The coffee tree clones were collected from rust tolerant elite plants. In the laboratory, the cuttings were immersed for 10 minutes in fungicide and then in five doses of IBA hormone (1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 mg L−1) of IBA. They were then placed in a microtunnel. With the best dose obtained in stage 1 of IBA (T4: 2000 mg L−1), which achieved a rooting percentage of 52.50% and 5.8 roots on average, stage 2 was installed for the evaluation of acclimatization conditions (greenhouse and nursery). Thirty plants of the Típica variety were evaluated per treatment. Regarding the results after 90 days, the greenhouse obtained the highest values with 72.22% survival, a plant height of 9.48 cm, 4.32 mm stem diameter, 6.53 leaves per plant, 9.65 cm leaf length, and 3.83 cm leaf width. The IBA hormone in a controlled environment such as the greenhouse achieves good vegetative propagation for the Típica variety.

Effectiveness of stimulating treatment cuttings of privet common (Ligustrum vulgare L.) with biologically active preparations

The effectiveness of the use biologically active substances in the rooting of cuttings privet common (Ligustrum vulgare L.) in its introduction in the region of Nizhny Novgorod was studied. The processes of callus adventitious root formation were studied. The research target was an arboretum collection of common privet in Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy with geographical coordinates 56°19′43” N, 44°00′O7” E and an altitude of 141 m above sea level. Tested nine industrially produced biologically active preparations widely used in tree and forest nurseries to increase the efficiency of rooting cuttings. The positive effect of cutting treatment with biologically active preparations was confirmed. A significant intensity of callus formation was recorded in the variants with profistim (98.50±1.05%) and extrasol (96.50±0.76%). A noticeable increase in the number of adnexal roots was caused by the use of the drugs heteroauxin (24.55±1.08 pcs.) and ferovit (22.00±1.38 pcs.). The best results for the total length of adventive roots were obtained after the use of heteroauxin (266.92±16.71 cm) and ecofus (272.22±14.42 cm). The effectiveness of bioactive drugs in stimulating regeneration processes on privet cuttings, increasing in the intensity of callus formation and the rate of linear growth of adventitious roots has been proven.

Propagation of ‘Bruno’ kiwifruit: influence of cutting collection time and indolebutyric acid

In Brazil, the propagation of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) is achieved through seed-derived rootstocks, which results in low uniformity. An alternative to address this problem is the cuttings technique, a simple and fast method that generates individuals identical to the parent plant, maintaining the agronomic traits. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of cutting collection time and indolebutyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of ‘Bruno’ kiwifruit cuttings. The cuttings were collected in the months of May, August and December 2016 and March 2017 and treated with 0, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg L-1 IBA, as a hydroalcoholic solution, for seven seconds. After 90 days, the percentages of rooted and dead cuttings and cuttings that produced shoots; leaf retention; average length of the three largest roots; average number of primary roots per cutting; and reserve contents before and after rooting were evaluated. The treatments with IBA influenced the rooting of cuttings collected in May, which showed 36.07% rooting at the calculated IBA concentration of 2,320 mg L-1, and in December, which exhibited 57.59% rooting at the concentration of 4000 mg L-1. In the present experimental conditions, it is recommended to root cuttings of ‘Bruno’ kiwifruit collected in December with the application of 4000 mg L-1 IBA.

Effect of different concentrations of indole butyric acid, putrescine and hydrogen peroxide on stem cuttings of the rootstock GF677(Prunus amygdalus × Prunus persica) according to the cutting season

The rootstock GF677 is an interspecific hybrid with an important economic and horticultural value. In this research, the effect of indole butyric acid (IBA) in combination with putrescine (Put) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on rooting of GF677 semi-hardwood stem cuttings in three cutting seasons (July, March and October) was investigated. Treatments as IBA (0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg L-1), Put (0, 800, 1600 and 3200 mg L-1) and H2O2 (1.5, 3 and 6% w/v) were included. The results showed that in July cuttings, the highest levels of callogenesis were observed in IBA treated cuttings in both concentrations of 1000 and 2000 mg L-1. The rooting was very low in July cuttings, while the highest percentage of rooting (14%) was observed in the combination of 2000 mg L-1 IBA+ 3% H2O2. In March, the cuttings treated by 1000 mg L-1 IBA+800 mg L-1 Put and 1000 mg L-1 IBA+1600 mg L-1 Put revealed the highest percentages of callus formation 83.31 and 83.33%, respectively. In these cuttings, the highest percentage of rooting (63.88%) was gained at 2000 mg L-1 IBA+3200 mg L-1 Put. The application of 1000 mg L-1 IBA+800 mg L-1 Put increased root fresh weight. In cuttings prepared in October, only 800 mg L-1 Put caused callus formation in more than 55% of the cuttings. The rooting of cuttings at this time was as low as the July cuttings, whereas the highest rooting percentage was observed in cuttings treated with IBA at a concentration of 1000 mg L-1. Overall, the experiment showed that the season of the cutting and the treatments with IBA+Put or H2O2 could improve rooting properties of the rootstock GF677.

Propagation and ex-situ conservation of Lomelosia minoana subsp. minoana and Scutellaria hirta - two ornamental and medicinal Cretan endemics (Greece)

Human needs and concomitant commercial trade to date trigger the demand of new ornamental plants and new natural medicinal products. The current study includes preliminary seed germination trials and presents the development of effective vegetative propagation protocols for Lomelosia minoana subsp. minoana (Dipsacaceae) and Scutellaria hirta (Lamiaceae), both globally rare, local endemics of Crete (Greece) with potential ornamental and medicinal value. Based on material collected directly from the wild, seed germination was succeeded (38%, T50: 10.74) only for L. minoana subsp. minoana. The optimal indole-3-butyric acid concentrations for effective rooting of cuttings were 2000 mg L-1 for L. minoana subsp. minoana (85%) and 4000 mg L-1 for S. hirta (50%). Seasonal differences were observed in respective rooting rates of the studied taxa. The detected rooting rates for L. minoana subsp. minoana cuttings are above standards to allow possible commercial application in the ornamental industry. Although the detected rooting rate (50%) for S. hirta was adequate for its ex situ conservation, it seems almost marginal for future commercial application and further investigation is needed. The sustainable utilization of these Cretan endemics studied herein provides new input for the ornamental-horticultural and cosmetic-pharmaceutical industries. This study shows how rare and endemic wild plant species can be progressively domesticated and introduced into sustainable cultivation systems in order to avoid the depletion of unique phytogenetic resources.

PROMOTING THE CULTIVATION OF BREADFRUIT IN AMAZONIA

Breadnut (Artocarpus camansi, Moraceae) is known throughout Amazonia, but its clonal form, breadfruit (A. altilis), is not, although it has much more commercial potential. To facilitate the promotion of breadfruit, a simple form of vegetative propagation was developed, and nursery plants were distributedto promote this species. Bottomless PET-bottles showed useful in creating the humid environment needed for the rooting of breadfruit cuttings. It is important to insist with farmers that breadfruit is different from breadnut and needs more care. The developed mini-greenhouse substitutes a misting installation, does not depend on electricity or running water and can be used for rooting of cuttings and grafting of small quantities of woody species. Apoam’s organic market in Manaus played an important role in the promotion of breadfruit’s cultivation and commercialization. A self-service lunchroom was useful in the promotion of this food unknown in Manaus.

Evaluation of rotation of Ficus benjamina types in growing environments

This article presents the results of research on the evaluation of rooting performance in the growing media of Ficus species in the interior. In the propagation of Ficus species, the vegetative method was selected and experimental work was carried out in growing media of 4 species. Sand (control), soil, Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) (4,000 mg/l) was obtained as cultivation media. The room temperature at which the experiments were placed was monitored and controlled. During rooting of cuttings, the room temperature was maintained at 18–24 ° C. Humidity was maintained at 40-50%. Soil and sand moisture were maintained at 30-40 degrees depending on temperature (based on the readings of the soil moisture meter). Observations were made and recorded every 3–5 days to determine the vegetative rooting rate of the Ficus Benjamin plant. Taking into account the transpiration of the plant and the evaporation of water into the air, 3-5 ml of water was poured in 10-12 days. As a result of these observations, the timing of vegetative rooting and irrigation norms were determined. Rooted plants were planted in peat, soil, humus feed, coarse sand substrate in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. In selecting these plants, a number of important indicators such as their growth patterns, leaf shape, habitat, drought tolerance, shade tolerance, soil moisture and composition were analysed and conclusions were drawn based on the findings.

Vegetative rescue of Cedrela fissilis Vell. by the rooting of cuttings from epicormic and canopy sprouts

ABSTRACT: Cedrela fissilis is a species of great genetic diversity, with low population density and seminal propagation, which causes difficulties in the vegetative propagation process. This research evaluated the vegetative rescue and propagation of stem cutting rooting originated from epicormic and canopy sprouts of C. fissilis. For this, the induction of epicormic sprouts was evaluated 52 days after the complete girdling and semi-girdling 20 and 40 cm from the ground, and no girdling treatment, during spring (2018), summer (2018) and autumn (2019). The variables evaluated were, survival (%), sprouting (%), number, length (cm) and diameter (mm) of sprouts. The cuttings were made from spring epicormic sprouts, divided in two categories: 10 cm cuttings placed vertically in pits and 5 cm cuttings placed horizontally in furrows. The canopy sprouts were collected in the summer, then cut in apical and intermediate cuttings (15 cm). After 60 days, the cuttings were evaluated in survival (%), rooting (%), callus (%), average number and length of roots (cm). Results showed that only the complete girdling produced sprouts (average >67%) with no difference between 20 and 40 cm heights, with a greater number of sprouts during spring. The cuttings from epicormic sprouts, planted vertically in pits presented higher percentage of rooting (44%) than cuttings planted horizontally in furrows (17%). Cuttings from the canopy had inconsiderable rooting (apical - 2%; intermediate - 0%). The girdling periods influences the number of epicormic sprouts and its use for cutting was more efficient in rooting.