Molecular and Clinical Insights on the Complex Interaction between Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Endobiota in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis

Endometriosis (EMS) remains, to date, an intriguing and debilitating gynecological disorder that possesses a multifactorial substrate. Recent studies with the objective of elucidating its etiology highlighted the antagonistic effect of EMS on a multiple of processes involved in homeostasis. Although the current oxidative biomarkers clearly reveal the consequences induced by EMS, its implication in the associated inflammatory reactions could be much more complex. Besides the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that leads to an exacerbated oxidative response, it also changes the normal expression of several pro-inflammatory modulators, reflected by the fluctuating activity of several pro- and anti-apoptotic mediators whose expression is impaired. In light of this topic, several studies elucidate the involvement of apoptosis in EMS, being brought controversial findings, even reports with no significant change. Further, some authors reported an abnormal expression of multiple genes that are crucial for the overall functionality of the female reproductive system. Cumulatively, it seems that the subsequent oxidative imbalance and apoptosis process impairment could further disrupt the normal removal of unnecessary biological products. Based on all gathered evidence, we could argue that the related stress state could determine human endobiota impairment, which could further participate in the inflammatory and main antioxidant enzyme changes occurring in EMS. Moreover, a correlation between endobiota integrity, inflammation, and oxidative stress (OS) was suggested in relation to the possible predisposition to pathogen determined infections.

Bile acid, glucose, lipid profile, and liver enzyme changes in prediabetic patients 1 year after sleeve gastrectomy

Background: Few articles have studied individuals with prediabetes after sleeve gastrectomy. Bile acid and lipid levels remain inconsistent in postbariatric patients. The purpose of this study was to explore bile acid, glucose, lipid, and liver enzyme changes in patients with different diabetes statuses who underwent sleeve gastrectomy. The impact of bariatric surgery and its potential benefits for prediabetic patients was also discussed.Methods: A total of 202 overweight and obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery in our hospital between January 2016 and October 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into prediabetes (n=32), nondiabetes (n=144), and diabetes (n=26) groups and analysed. Glucose and lipid data were collected from medical records at baseline and at each follow-up visit.Result: Significant improvements in body weight, glucose and lipid levels, and liver enzymes (P≤0.05) in prediabetic patients were found throughout the first year postoperatively. Improvement in glycaemic control was first seen one month postoperatively, followed by persistent improvement in the next 12 months. Total bile acid (TBA) decreased, which was associated with ALT improvement in prediabetic patients 1-year post-surgery. There were no significant differences in HbA1c, glucose, or triglycerides (TGs) between prediabetic and T2DM patients or between prediabetic and nondiabetic patients at 12 months post-surgery.Conclusion: LSG is highly effective at interfering with glucose and lipid levels as well as total bile acid levels in prediabetic patients in the first year postoperatively. Thus, LSG is indeed an alternative for overweight and obese prediabetic patients.

Bile acid, glucose, lipid profile, and liver enzyme changes in prediabetic patients 1 year after sleeve gastrectomy

Background Few articles have studied individuals with prediabetes after sleeve gastrectomy. Bile acid and lipid levels remain inconsistent in postbariatric patients. The purpose of this study was to explore bile acid, glucose, lipid, and liver enzyme changes in patients with different diabetes statuses who underwent sleeve gastrectomy. The impact of bariatric surgery and its potential benefits for prediabetic patients was also discussed. Methods A total of 202 overweight and obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery in our hospital between January 2016 and October 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into prediabetes (n = 32), nondiabetes (n = 144), and diabetes (n = 26) groups and analysed. Glucose and lipid data were collected from medical records at baseline and at each follow-up visit. Result Significant improvements in body weight, glucose and lipid levels, and liver enzymes (P ≤ 0.05) in prediabetic patients were found throughout the first year postoperatively. Improvement in glycaemic control was first seen one month postoperatively, followed by persistent improvement in the next 12 months. Total bile acid (TBA) decreased, which was associated with ALT improvement in prediabetic patients 1-year post-surgery. There were no significant differences in HbA1c, glucose, or triglycerides (TGs) between prediabetic and T2DM patients or between prediabetic and nondiabetic patients at 12 months post-surgery. Conclusion LSG is highly effective at interfering with glucose and lipid levels as well as total bile acid levels in prediabetic patients in the first year postoperatively. Thus, LSG is indeed an alternative for overweight and obese prediabetic patients.

Bile acid, glucose, lipid profile, and liver enzyme changes in pre-diabetics: 1-year data after sleeve gastrectomy

Background: Few articles have studied pre-diabetes after sleeve gastrectomy. Bile acid, and lipid level remains inconsistent in post-bariatric patients. To explore bile acid and glucose, lipid, and liver enzyme changes in different diabetic status underwent sleeve gastrectomy. To discuss the impact of bariatric surgery and its potential benefits to pre-diabetics Methods: 202 overweight and obese patients underwent bariatric surgery between January 2016 and October 2018 in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. They were divided into Pre-diabetes (n=32), Non-diabetes (n=144), and Diabetes (n=26) and analyzed respectively. Data of glucose and lipid were collected from medical records from baseline and each follow-up visit. Result: Significant improvement in body weight, glucose and lipid level, and liver enzyme at P≤0.05 in prediabetics were found throughout first year post-op. Improvement of glycemic control was first seen in a month post op, followed by persistent improvement in the next 12 months. Total bile acid (TBA) decreased, associated with ALT improvement, in pre-diabetes 1-year post-surgery. There was no significant differences in HbA1c, glucose, and triglycerides (TG) between Pre-diabetics and T2DM nor between prediabetics and non-diabetics at 12 months post-surgery. Conclusion: LSG is highly effective in interfering glucose and lipid level as well as total bile acid of prediabetics in the first year post operation. Thus, LSG is indeed an alternative for overweight and obese pre-diabetics

Bile acid, glucose, lipid profile, and liver enzyme changes in pre-diabetics after sleeve gastrectomy

BackgroundFew articles have studied pre-diabetes after sleeve gastrectomy. Bile acid, and lipid metabolism remains inconsistent in post-bariatric patients. ObjectiveTo explore bile acid and glucose, lipid, and liver enzyme changes in different diabetic status underwent sleeve gastrectomy. To discuss the impact of bariatric surgery and its potential benefits to pre-diabeticsMethods202 overweight and obese patients underwent bariatric surgery between January 2016 and October 2018 in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. They were divided into Pre-diabetes (n=32), Non-diabetes (n=144), and Diabetes (n=26) and analyzed respectively. Data of glucose and lipid metabolism were collected from medical records from baseline and each follow-up visit.ResultSignificant improvement in body weight, glucose and lipid metabolism, and liver enzyme at P≤0.05 in prediabetics were found throughout first year post-op. Improvement of glycemic control was first seen in a month post op, followed by persistent improvement in the next 12 months. Total bile acid (TBA) decreased, associated with ALT improvement, in pre-diabetes 1-year post-surgery. There was no significant differences in HbA1c, glucose, and triglycerides (TG) between Pre-diabetics and T2DM nor between prediabetics and non-diabetics at 12 months post-surgery.ConclusionLSG is highly effective in interfering glucose and lipid metabolism as well as total bile acid of prediabetics in the first year post op. Thus, LSG is indeed an alternative for overweight and obese prediabetics

Encapsulation of HRP Enzyme onto a Magnetic Fe3O4 Np–PMMA Film via Casting with Sustainable Biocatalytic Activity

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme was effectively encapsulated onto an Fe3O4 nanoparticle–polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film via the casting method. The HRP was immobilized on the 0.5% Fe3O4Np–PMMA film and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the reusability, thermal stability, optimum pH, optimum temperature, the influence of metal ions, and the effects of detergent and organic solvent were investigated. After optimizing the immobilization conditions, the highest efficiency of the immobilized enzyme was 88.4% using 0.5% Fe3O4Np–PMMA. The reusability of the immobilized HRP activity was 78.5% of its initial activity after being repeatedly used for 10 cycles. When comparing the free and immobilized forms of the HRP enzyme, changes in the optimum temperature and optimum pH from 30 to 40 °C and 7.0 to 7.5, respectively, were observed. The Km and Vmax for the immobilized HRP were estimated to be 41 mM, 0.89 U/mL for guaiacol and 5.84 mM, 0.66 U/mL for H2O2, respectively. The high stability of the immobilized HRP enzyme was obtained using metal ions, a high urea concentration, isopropanol, and Triton X-100. In conclusion, the applicability of immobilized HRP involves the removal of phenol in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, therefore, it could be a potential catalyst for the removal of wastewater aromatic pollutants.