The short term effects of time and frequency of burning on native pastures at Katherine, N.T

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJT Norman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
Provisional Recommendation

A report is given of the first five years of an experiment at Katherine, N.T., concerned with the effects of time and frequency of burning on the dry matter yield, nitrogen yield and botanical composition of native pasture on Tippera clay loam. Sampling in 1961-62 showed that all burning treatments reduced dry matter yield in comparison with unburned pasture Pasture burned biennially in the late dry season (September) showed the least reduction in yield. Biennial burning was less detrimental than annual burning ; burning in late dry season was less detrimental than burning in early dry season. Burning in late dry season increased the proportion of annuals in the pasture. All treatments other than biennial burning in late dry season reduced the proportion of Themeda australis (R. Br.) Stapf., the dominant perennial grass. Burning biennially in January or in April increased the proportion of Chrysopogon fallax, S. T. Blake. The provisional recommendation for Themeda-Sorghum pastures in the Katherine area is to bum in late dry season at intervals of not less than two years.

Effects of superphosphate application and cutting interval on native pastures in the Clarence Valley, New South Wales

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (94) ◽  
pp. 718 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Garden ◽  
DR Brooks ◽  
J Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
New South ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Cutting Interval ◽  
Native Pastures

The effects of superphosphate rate (nil; 250 kg ha-l initial with 125 kg ha-1 maintenance; and 500 kg ha-1 initial with 250 kg ha-1 maintenance) and cutting interval (2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks) on dry matter yield, growth rate, botanical composition and chemical composition of native pastures on a sandstone soil in the Clarence Valley, New South Wales were studied over a period of three years. Mean annual dry matter yield of unfertilized native pasture was 990 kg ha-l and this was increased to 1322 kg ha-1 at the higher rate of superphosphate. Dry matter yield was depressed from 1587 to 647 kg ha-1 by decreasing cutting interval from 8 weeks to 2 weeks. Pasture growth was limited to the September to May period and 87 per cent of the total annual production occurred in summer and autumn. Maximum growth occurred in the February/March period, with 16.2 kg ha-1 day-1 being the maximum recorded for the unfertilized pasture and 19.9 kg ha-1 day-1 for pasture at the higher rate of superphosphate. Changes in botanical composition were neither large nor consistent. Phosphorus content of the native pasture averaged 0.12 per cent. Crude protein content averaged 7.4 per cent, with levels in standing herbage in winter-spring falling to 3 per cent. Phosphorus yield was 1.1 kg ha-1 year-1 and crude protein yield was 65.8 kg ha-1 year-1. Superphosphate increased phosphorus content and yield, and crude protein yield. Increasing cutting interval decreased phosphorus and crude protein contents but increased phosphorus and crude protein yields by its effect on dry matter yield. Maximum yields obtained were 3.3 kg ha-1 year-1 phosphorus and 100 kg ha-1 year-1 crude protein. It was concluded that the increases obtained would be insufficient to produce worthwhile improvements in animal production, and that an increase in the legume content of these pastures is required before this could occur.

The influence of sowing method on perennial grass establishment. I. Dry matter yield and botanical composition

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
WD Bellotti ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Effect On Yield

'Demeter' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and 'Victorian' perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were sown separately into a white clover (Trifolium repens L.) dominant pasture in June 1981. Eight sowing methods were compared to assess the ability of perennial grasses to establish from direct drill sowing methods relative to conventional seedbed and aerial sowing methods. Within direct drill treatments, two drill implements were factorially combined with three herbicide treatments. Pasture production and botanical composition were sampled over a 27 month period following sowing. After a dry summer, 22 months after sowing, sown grasses dominated pasture composition (69-94% of total dry matter yield) in the high yielding treatments. At this time, the successful direct drill treatments were similar in yield to the conventional seedbed treatment. Within direct drill treatments, sowing implement had little effect on yield and composition, whereas herbicide application markedly increased sown grass yield. Pre-sowing blanket application of herbicide in the triple disc treatment increased tall fescue yield from 82 to 1504 kg ha-1 and perennial ryegrass yield from 98 to 807 kg ha-1. An inverse relationship was described between dry matter present at sowing and eventual yield of sown grasses. These perennial grasses can be successfully established by using direct drill sowing methods provided resident vegetation is adequately suppressed.

The effect of burning and seasonal rainfall on native pasture at Katherine, N.T

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (38) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJT Norman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Dead Material

An 11-year experiment at Katherine, N.T., on the effects of time and frequency of burning on the yield and composition of native pasture on Tippera clay loam is described. In comparison with plots burned biennially in January, April, or September, the annual dry matter and nitrogen production of control plots after 5-10 years of protection from fire was low. On the other hand, production in the first five years after burning of plots that had been protected for five years and then burned was high. Under conditions favouring the accumulation of dead material, a burn every five years or so appears to be more favourable than annual or biennial burning or no burning at all. The contribution of Themeda australis and Chrysopogon fallax to total dry matter yield was negatively related to total rainfall in the two preceding seasons, and that of Sorghum plumosum positively related.

Satellite derived maps of pasture growth status: association of classification with botanical composition

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Vickery ◽  
M. J. Hill ◽  
G. E. Donald
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Bayesian Probability ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Pastures

Summary. Spectral data from the green, red and near-infrared bands of Landsat MSS and Landsat TM satellite imagery acquired in mid-spring were classified into 3 and 6 pasture growth classes respectively. The classifications were compared with a site database of botanical composition for the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales to examine the association between spectral growth class and pasture composition. Pastures ranged in composition from unimproved native perennial grasses through semi-improved mixtures of native and naturalised grasses and legumes to highly improved temperate perennial grasses and legumes. For 3 years of MSS data, the fast growth class had a mean botanical composition of about 80% improved perennial grass and 0% native; medium growth class averaged 46% improved perennial grass and 14% native; while the slow growth class had about 60% native and 1% improved perennial grass when averaged over 3 years of MSS data. For the 6 class TM data from a single year, a predictive logistic regression of cumulative probability was developed for percentage of ‘very fast’ growth pixels and ordered 10 percentile categories of improved perennial grass or native grass. Differences in patch characteristics between classes with MSS disappeared with TM reclassified to the same 3 class level. Most probable pasture type was inferred from 3 class MSS and TM data using Bayesian probability analysis. The resulting maps were similar in general appearance but detail was better with the TM data. The pasture growth classification identified highly improved perennial grass pastures and native pastures but sensitivity to intermediate pasture types was poor. Future improvement will come from direct measurement of biophysical characteristics using vegetation indices or inversion of reflectance models.

Liveweight of grazing steers supplemented with molasses, urea and sulfur in northern Queensland

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (117) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Winks ◽  
PK O'Rourke ◽  
SR McLennan
Keyword(s):  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Sulfate Sulfur ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Native Pastures

Steers grazing native pasture were supplemented with 0, 0.8 or 2.4 g of sulfur/head.d in addition to a molasses (230 or 115 g/head.d) and urea (60 g/head.d) supplement over four dry seasons. The unsupplemented animals lost most or gained least weight during the feeding period in all four years but the difference was significant (P< 0.05) in only two years. Adding sulfur to the molasses and urea tended to give the best results but the effect was not significant (P> 0.05) over the results achieved with feeding only molasses and urea. There was a tendency for liveweight performance to be better with the higher level of molasses, but again differences were not significant. Blood sulfate-sulfur levels during the feeding period increased with the level of sulfur fed but levels were not significantly correlated with liveweight change. Compensatory growth by unsupplemented groups after the feeding period eliminated liveweight advantages of supplemented groups. The results suggest that the level of molasses in a molasses and urea supplement for yearling cattle grazing native pastures on solodic soils during the dry season in northern Queensland can be reduced to 115 g/head.d without adversely affecting liveweight. These results may not apply on sulfur deficient soils and in dry years.

Dry Matter Yield and Botanical Composition of an Orchardgrass‐Ladino White Clover Mixture Under Clipping and Grazing Conditions 1

1960 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Taylor ◽  
J. B. Washko ◽  
R. E. Blaser
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition

scholarly journals Dry matter yield and nutritional value of Marandu grass under nitrogen fertilization and irrigation in cerrado in São Paulo

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2598-2603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisângela Dupas ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
André Luis Sarto ◽  
Fernando Braz Tangerino Hernandez ◽  
Antonio Fernando Bergamaschine
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber

The aim of this study was to evaluate dry matter yield and nutritional value of palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) using nitrogen doses and sprinkler irrigation in two periods of the year, aiming at reducing seasonality of forage production. It was used a randomized block design in a split-plot scheme, with five doses of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg/ha/cut), and the sub-plots were defined by the seasons of the year (wet and dry season), with and without irrigation. During the wet season, in the plots with and without irrigation, doses of 175 and 161 kg/ha/cut promoted the highest dry matter yields. During the dry season, 171 kg ha-1N with irrigation resulted in the highest dry matter yield. During the same season, there was no response to N fertilization in the lack of irrigation. Average contents of CP were 10% with and without irrigation. Contents of neutral detergent fiber decreased with nitrogen doses, while acid detergent fiber was not affected by fertilization. Plots under irrigation reached the maximal acid detergent fiber content at N dose of 60 kg ha-1. Irrigation promotes increase of 15% increase in dry matter yield and it increases contents of neutral detergent fiber.

Sample size and sampling intensity in relation to the precision of small-plot herbage sward trials

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Foster ◽  
C. E. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Sampling Intensity ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
Small Plot

SummeryThree sampling experiments were conducted to examine the effect of sample size and sampling intensity on the precision of dry-matter content and botanical composition estimates of perennial rye-grass-white clover herbage. One of these experiments examined the between-sample variability of these attributes and of dry-matter yield in relation to other sources of experimental error in a small-plot sward trial. The sample sizes examined were 800 g, 400 g, 200 g, 100 g, 50 g and 25 g green weight. In general the accuracy of dry-matter content and botanical composition estimates decreased with decreasing sample size. The between-sample variabilities of 25 g and 50g samples were high in relation to their between-plot variabilities. Single 100 g samples provided reasonably good estimates of these attributes and of dry-matter yield, but single 200 g samples provided a more satisfactory margin for error. Samples larger than 200 g appeared to be unnecessary. When weight-for-weight comparisons of single and duplicate samples were made there appeared to be little advantage in duplicate sampling. A theoretical examination of measurement inaccuracies inherent in the techniques used in small-plot sward trialssuggested that variation in plot length measurements in particular may make an undesirable contribution to the variability of such trials. A procedure for the conduct of small-plot trials is recommended. It is concluded that, where plot size and replication are limited, further improvement in the precision of such trials will not be readily attainable.

scholarly journals Short-term effects of early-season fire on herbaceous composition, dry matter production and soil fertility in Guinea savanna, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Oyedeji ◽  
Friday Onuche ◽  
David Animasaun ◽  
Clement Ogunkunle ◽  
Oludare Agboola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Short Term Effects

The ecological impact of fire regimes on plant diversity and soil fertility has become a subject of intense discussion, especially in savannas where recurring incidences are common. This study assessed the short-term effects of early-season fire on herbaceous composition, dry matter yield and soil fertility in the Guinea savanna belt of Nigeria. Data on ground cover, dry matter yield (DMY) in plants and concentrations of C, N, P, K, Ca and Mg in soil were collected from 10 delineated subplots in the burned and unburned zones of four sites after annual wildfire had occurred. Ground cover was significantly higher in the burned zones, increasing progressively from January to April (dry season). Eleven herbaceous species in addition to 2 tree seedlings occurred and represented families of Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae. Digitaria nuda, Brachiaria lata, Daniellia oliveri and Aeschynomene indica were limited to the burnt zones while Cyperus tuberosus, Mariscus alternifolius and Rottboellia cochinchinensis were restricted to the unburned zones. DMY ranged from 0.32 g m-2 (Desmodium tortuosum) to 52.96 g m-2 (Megathyrsus maximus). Average biomass in the burned and unburned sites was 35.86 g m-2 and 28.42 g m-2, respectively. Soil C, N and P concentrations decreased (positive deterioration index - DI), while those of K, Ca and Mg improved (negative DI) in the burned sites. Burning altered the growth (ground cover) and composition of plant species in the short term, and could significantly influence soil nutrient dynamics in the long term, especially with recurring fire events.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document