The role of honeybees in pollination of cherries

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (61) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Langridge ◽  
RD Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Cherry Orchard ◽  
Marked Decline

The availability of pollen for fertilization of Moss' Early cherries and its dispersal by wind and by honeybees was studied in the laboratory and in a cherry orchard. Ripening and dehiscence of anthers was promoted by higher temperatures and lower relative humidities. Airborne pollen concentrations in the orchard were greater between 10.00 a.m. and 4.00 p.m. than during the remainder of the day. Flight activity of bees was related to ambient temperatures and bee visits to cherry flowers were comparable with those for apples. Enclosing trees in beeproof cages caused a marked decline in fruit yields.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic climate change is worsening North American pollen seasons

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. e2013284118
Author(s):  
William R. L. Anderegg ◽  
John T. Abatzoglou ◽  
Leander D. L. Anderegg ◽  
Leonard Bielory ◽  
Patrick L. Kinney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North American ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Detection And Attribution ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Pollen Seasons

Airborne pollen has major respiratory health impacts and anthropogenic climate change may increase pollen concentrations and extend pollen seasons. While greenhouse and field studies indicate that pollen concentrations are correlated with temperature, a formal detection and attribution of the role of anthropogenic climate change in continental pollen seasons is urgently needed. Here, we use long-term pollen data from 60 North American stations from 1990 to 2018, spanning 821 site-years of data, and Earth system model simulations to quantify the role of human-caused climate change in continental patterns in pollen concentrations. We find widespread advances and lengthening of pollen seasons (+20 d) and increases in pollen concentrations (+21%) across North America, which are strongly coupled to observed warming. Human forcing of the climate system contributed ∼50% (interquartile range: 19–84%) of the trend in pollen seasons and ∼8% (4–14%) of the trend in pollen concentrations. Our results reveal that anthropogenic climate change has already exacerbated pollen seasons in the past three decades with attendant deleterious effects on respiratory health.

Pollination of canning peaches cv. Golden Queen

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (99) ◽  
pp. 510 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Langridge ◽  
RD Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Normal Mode ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Insect Visitors

The pollination requirements of Golden Queen peaches were studied in an orchard in the Goulburn Valley, Victoria. There was virtually no airborne pollen in the open orchard nor inside a cage placed around a peach tree. Flight activity of bees was related to ambient temperatures and honeybees accounted for 99.4% of insect visitors to the peach flowers. On trees to which bees had access there was a 1.2 times increase in the percentage of flowers that set fruit, but the weight of fruit harvested was not significantly different. Self-fertilization supplemented by honeybee pollination appears to be the normal mode of fruit set in this cultivar.

A study on pollination of dessert peaches cv. Crawford

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (87) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Langridge ◽  
PT Jenkins ◽  
RD Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Peach Orchard

The availability of pollen for fertilization of Crawford peaches and its dispersal by wind and by honeybees was studied in the laboratory and in a peach orchard. Optimum conditions for ripening and dehiscence of the anthers were provided when temperatures were above 25�C and humidity was below 70 per cent R.H. There was virtually no airborne pollen in the open orchard or inside a cage placed around a peach tree. Flight activity of bees was related to ambient temperatures and bee visits to peach trees were low compared with those for cherries or apples. On trees to which bees had access there was a 2.9 x increase in percentage of flowers that set fruit and a 2.6 x increase in weight of fruit harvested as compared with trees from which bees were excluded.

The role of honeybees in pollination of apples

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (44) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Langridge ◽  
PT Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Considering the relatively high concentrations of airborne apple pollen in apple orchards at flowering time, the present study was undertaken to determine the relative roles of airborne and insect borne pollen in the pollination of apples. Enclosing trees of Yates apples, each grafted with a limb of Jonathan, in bee-proof cages caused significant reduction in the number of fruit set, the weight of fruit harvested, and the number of seeds per Fruit as compared with uncaged trees, although airborne apple pollen concentrations were 4.07 times higher inside the cages than outside. Concentrations of airborne apple pollen are greatest in late morning and early afternoon. Flight activity of bees was related to ambient conditions, temperature having a major effect. There appears to be a threshold of flight activity in the region of 13�C. Ripening and dehiscence of anthers of Yates apple are promoted by higher temperatures and lower humidities.

scholarly journals Trends and threshold exceedances analysis of airborne pollen concentrations in Metropolitan Santiago Chile

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e0123077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Toro A. ◽  
Alicia Córdova J. ◽  
Mauricio Canales ◽  
Raul G. E. Morales S. ◽  
Pedro Mardones P. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Threshold Exceedances

scholarly journals Neural networks for increased accuracy of allergenic pollen monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Polling ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Lu Cao ◽  
Fons Verbeek ◽  
Letty A. de Weger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Allergenic Pollen ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Pollen Monitoring ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Urticaceae Pollen

AbstractMonitoring of airborne pollen concentrations provides an important source of information for the globally increasing number of hay fever patients. Airborne pollen is traditionally counted under the microscope, but with the latest developments in image recognition methods, automating this process has become feasible. A challenge that persists, however, is that many pollen grains cannot be distinguished beyond the genus or family level using a microscope. Here, we assess the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to increase taxonomic accuracy for airborne pollen. As a case study we use the nettle family (Urticaceae), which contains two main genera (Urtica and Parietaria) common in European landscapes which pollen cannot be separated by trained specialists. While pollen from Urtica species has very low allergenic relevance, pollen from several species of Parietaria is severely allergenic. We collect pollen from both fresh as well as from herbarium specimens and use these without the often used acetolysis step to train the CNN model. The models show that unacetolyzed Urticaceae pollen grains can be distinguished with > 98% accuracy. We then apply our model on before unseen Urticaceae pollen collected from aerobiological samples and show that the genera can be confidently distinguished, despite the more challenging input images that are often overlain by debris. Our method can also be applied to other pollen families in the future and will thus help to make allergenic pollen monitoring more specific.

Spatial interpolation of current airborne pollen concentrations where no monitoring exists

2019 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Oteros ◽  
Karl-Christian Bergmann ◽  
Annette Menzel ◽  
Athanasios Damialis ◽  
Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Pollen Concentrations

GDP binding to rat brown fat mitochondria: effects of thyroxine at different ambient temperatures

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (3) ◽  
pp. C134-C139 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Sundin
Keyword(s):  
Linear Increase ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Heating Capacity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Brown Fat Mitochondria

Reports on a reciprocal relationship between sympathetic-nerve and experimentally induced changes in thyroid-hormone activity called into question the proposed role of thyroxine in the changes seen in the brown fat after cold adaptation. Rats reared at +30, +22, and +5 degrees C received daily injections of thyroxine (1 mg/kg). After 3 wk of treatment, the thermogenic state of the tissue was assessed by measuring the capacity of the brown fat mitochondria to bind guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP). GDP-inhibited mitochondrial swelling, brown adipose tissue (BAT) wet weights, and mitochondrial yields were also measured. The control animals showed a linear increase in GDP binding between +30 and +5 degrees C. Thyroxine was found to lower the GDP binding markedly at +5 degrees C, less so at +22 degrees C, while no effect was evident at +30 degrees C. The values at +22 and +30 degrees C were identical. The other parameters studied all confirmed these results. The conclusion made is that the thyroxine-induced rise in basal metabolic rate lowers the critical temperature and reduces the demand for nonshivering thermogenesis. This is reflected in the reduced GDP binding and hence heating capacity of the brown fat mitochondria.

scholarly journals Will climate change worsen your health?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Ballester
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Ambient Temperatures

Nearly 8% of deaths in Europe are due to ambient temperatures, and global warming represents an additional threat for public health. Despite the fact that we expect more frequent, intense and persistent heat waves during the present century, it is actually not clear whether the number of attributable deaths will also increase. Here I discuss why the role of early adaptation to temperature rise is a major ongoing research topic in science and policy-making, and how these eventual acclimatization processes depend on a myriad of non-climate factors such as the air quality in cities, social differences within and between societies, demographic changes or the evolution of the economy.

scholarly journals The late flowering of invasive species contributes to the increase of Artemisia allergenic pollen in autumn: an analysis of 25 years of aerobiological data (1995–2019) in Trentino-Alto Adige (Northern Italy)

Aerobiologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Cristofori ◽  
Edith Bucher ◽  
Michele Rossi ◽  
Fabiana Cristofolini ◽  
Veronika Kofler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Pollen Season ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Allergenic Pollen ◽  
Pollen Concentration ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Negative Impacts

AbstractArtemisia pollen is an important aeroallergen in late summer, especially in central and eastern Europe where distinct anemophilous Artemisia spp. produce high amounts of pollen grains. The study aims at: (i) analyzing the temporal pattern of and changes in the Artemisia spp. pollen season; (ii) identifying the Artemisia species responsible for the local airborne pollen load.Daily pollen concentration of Artemisia spp. was analyzed at two sites (BZ and SM) in Trentino-Alto Adige, North Italy, from 1995 to 2019.The analysis of airborne Artemisia pollen concentrations evidences the presence of a bimodal curve, with two peaks, in August and September, respectively. The magnitude of peak concentrations varies across the studied time span for both sites: the maximum concentration at the September peak increases significantly for both the BZ (p < 0.05) and SM (p < 0.001) site. The first peak in the pollen calendar is attributable to native Artemisia species, with A. vulgaris as the most abundant; the second peak is mostly represented by the invasive species A. annua and A. verlotiorum (in constant proportion along the years), which are causing a considerable increase in pollen concentration in the late pollen season in recent years.. The spread of these species can affect human health, increasing the length and severity of allergenic pollen exposure in autumn, as well as plant biodiversity in both natural and cultivated areas, with negative impacts on, e.g., Natura 2000 protected sites and crops.

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