Pollination of canning peaches cv. Golden Queen

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (99) ◽  
pp. 510 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Langridge ◽  
RD Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Normal Mode ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Insect Visitors

The pollination requirements of Golden Queen peaches were studied in an orchard in the Goulburn Valley, Victoria. There was virtually no airborne pollen in the open orchard nor inside a cage placed around a peach tree. Flight activity of bees was related to ambient temperatures and honeybees accounted for 99.4% of insect visitors to the peach flowers. On trees to which bees had access there was a 1.2 times increase in the percentage of flowers that set fruit, but the weight of fruit harvested was not significantly different. Self-fertilization supplemented by honeybee pollination appears to be the normal mode of fruit set in this cultivar.

A study on pollination of dessert peaches cv. Crawford

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (87) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Langridge ◽  
PT Jenkins ◽  
RD Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Peach Orchard

The availability of pollen for fertilization of Crawford peaches and its dispersal by wind and by honeybees was studied in the laboratory and in a peach orchard. Optimum conditions for ripening and dehiscence of the anthers were provided when temperatures were above 25�C and humidity was below 70 per cent R.H. There was virtually no airborne pollen in the open orchard or inside a cage placed around a peach tree. Flight activity of bees was related to ambient temperatures and bee visits to peach trees were low compared with those for cherries or apples. On trees to which bees had access there was a 2.9 x increase in percentage of flowers that set fruit and a 2.6 x increase in weight of fruit harvested as compared with trees from which bees were excluded.

The role of honeybees in pollination of cherries

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (61) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Langridge ◽  
RD Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Cherry Orchard ◽  
Marked Decline

The availability of pollen for fertilization of Moss' Early cherries and its dispersal by wind and by honeybees was studied in the laboratory and in a cherry orchard. Ripening and dehiscence of anthers was promoted by higher temperatures and lower relative humidities. Airborne pollen concentrations in the orchard were greater between 10.00 a.m. and 4.00 p.m. than during the remainder of the day. Flight activity of bees was related to ambient temperatures and bee visits to cherry flowers were comparable with those for apples. Enclosing trees in beeproof cages caused a marked decline in fruit yields.

scholarly journals Heat unit accumulation and inflorescence and fruit development in ‘Ubá’ mango trees grown in Visconde do Rio Branco-MG

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Moreira Carvalho Lemos ◽  
Luiz Carlos Chamhum Salomão ◽  
Dalmo Lopes de Siqueira ◽  
Olinto Liparini Pereira ◽  
Paulo Roberto Cecon
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Heat Units ◽  
Mango Tree ◽  
Apical Bud

Abstract There are little information in the scientific literature on flowering and fruiting of ‘Ubá’ mango trees. These information enables to know the proportion of hermaphrodite flowers in inflorescence, fruit set percentage and developmental stages of the fruit. In this study evaluations on inflorescence and fruit development of the ‘Ubá’ mango tree (Mangifera indica L.) were carried out, as well as the determination of the required number of heat units for full fruit development. Thirty branches whose terminal buds were swollen were selected from five mango trees. With the aid of a camera and a caliper, the panicle and fruit development were evaluated weekly until full fruit development. A digital thermometer was used to record ambient temperatures during fruit development in order to estimate the number of heat units required for complete development of the fruits. Male and hermaphrodite flowers of the panicles were also identified and counted. The developmental cycle of ‘Ubá’ mango from the beginning of apical bud swelling to commercial harvest of the fruit lasted 168 days in 2011 and 154 days in 2012. The number of hermaphrodite flowers and the percentage of fruit set in the inflorescence in 2011 were 32.3 and 0.066%, respectively; and 122.1 and 0.099% in 2012, respectively. There was accumulation of 3,173 heat units from flower bud swelling to full development of the ‘Ubá’ mangoes.

scholarly journals Wind and insect pollination (ambophily) of Mallotus spp. (Euphorbiaceae) in tropical and temperate forests

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Yamasaki ◽  
Shoko Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Insect Pollination ◽  
Pioneer Tree ◽  
Pioneer Plants ◽  
Study Sites

Relatively few flowering plants show ambophily (pollination by both wind and insects), and whether and when ambophily is advantageous has not been studied well. In the present study, we report ambophily in two dioecious pioneer tree species, Mallotus japonicus Müll.Arg. in a temperate forest of Japan, and Mallotus wrayi King ex Hook.f. in a tropical forest of Borneo, and discuss the conditions that contribute to the maintenance of ambophily. Both species are pollinated by wind because they set fruits even when flower visitors were excluded and because substantial amounts of airborne pollen reached female trees. Insects may also contribute to fruit set, because insects with body pollen visited female inflorescences. Because M. japonicus and M. wrayi exhibit floral characteristics that are adapted to both wind and insect pollination, ambophily may be actively maintained in the two species at the study sites and perhaps elsewhere. Whereas previous studies have indicated that ambophily is advantageous for pioneer plants because of changing wind conditions during forest succession, our preliminary data suggest that changes in population density also contribute to the maintenance of ambophily in M. japonicus.

Pollination and breeding system of a neotropical palm Astrocaryum vulgare in Guyana: a test of the predictability of syndromes

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
TRISHA K. CONSIGLIO ◽  
GODFREY R. BOURNE
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Pollination Syndrome ◽  
Wind Pollination ◽  
System Study ◽  
Pollination Syndromes ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Insect Visitors ◽  
Oviposition Sites

A pollination and breeding system study was conducted on a neotropical palm, Astrocaryum vulgare, in Guyana, South America, to better understand its reproductive character evolution, and test the predictability of pollination syndromes. The pollination syndrome approach was used because it integrates characteristics of flowers and their pollinators into an evolutionary framework that allowed experimental testing of predictions. The flowers of A. vulgare displayed traits that were typical of both beetle and wind pollination syndromes. The protogynous inflorescences produced heat and odour during nocturnal anthesis, had numerous stamens with copious, light pollen, and were visited by hordes of beetles that used the inflorescences as feeding, mating and oviposition sites. In contrast, some of these features, such as numerous stamens with copious, light pollen, a high pollen to ovule ratio, and no obvious production of visitor rewards, were also typical of the wind pollination syndrome. However, floral rewards appeared to be tissues of the fleshy staminate petals and pollen that were readily devoured by the beetles. In addition to the Coleoptera, insect visitors to A. vulgare inflorescences included several species of Hymenoptera, Diptera and Orthoptera. However, only Nitidulidae and Curculionidae beetles were effective insect pollinators. Pollination treatments showed that wind pollination was possible, but fruit set was significantly higher for female flowers visited by beetles. Although a pollen/ovule ratio of 50 000:1 and outcrossing index confirmed an outcrossing breeding system, pollination experiments suggested that A. vulgare had the potential for self pollination. Therefore, the breeding system might be best classified as facultatively xenogamous (cross fertilizing). The predictive value of potential pollinator agents for A. vulgare was inadequate because its floral traits were indicative of both cantharophilous and anemophilous pollination syndromes.

Flower drop and fruit set in field beans, Vicia faba L.

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Kambal
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Insect Pollination ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Cross Fertilization ◽  
Field Beans

SUMMARYThe percentage of the total buds produced that dropped before reaching the mature pod stage was estimated as 86·7% in Baladi, a local strain of field beans, and 93·7% in Giza 1, a variety introduced from Egypt. The drop was appreciable both before and after fertilization. There were indications that both inadequate insect pollination and inter-ovary competition contributed to the reduction of pod yield.Self pollen was detected on the stigma in the bud stage 2–3 days before the flower was open. Estimates of natural cross-fertilization ranged from 35·8 to 42·1%, indicating that self-pollination did not lead to complete self fertilization. Hand manipulation of the flowers increased pod set in most of the cases but the line 1W did not respond to this treatment and proved to be highly autofertile.

scholarly journals Flower Ontogenesis and Fruit Development of Synsepalum dulcificum

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Xingwei ◽  
Thohirah Lee Abdullah ◽  
Sima Taheri ◽  
Nur Ashikin Psyquay Abdullah ◽  
Siti Aishah Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Flower Morphology ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
The Family ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Microscopic Techniques ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Synsepalum dulcificum from the family Sapotaceae is known as miracle fruit and is a valuable horticultural species. All plant parts are of medicinal importance whereas the fruit known as magic berry, miracle berry, or sweet berry is consumed fresh. Surprisingly, very little is known on the species in terms of flower morphology and flower development. In this study, an observation on the flower morphology and flower development of miracle fruit has been made with the aid of microscopic techniques. Miracle fruit flower requires 100 days to develop from reproductive meristem to full anthesis. The flower development can be divided into six stages based on the size and appearance of the flower bud. The fruit with persistent style developed and ripened 90 days after anthesis. Heavy fruit drop was observed at 40–60 days after anthesis which contributed to the final fruit set of average of 5.06% per plant. Through this study, miracle fruit is strongly insect pollinated and prevents self-fertilization. A study on pollination ecology is needed to identify the pollinator for miracle fruit, as this is important in manipulating fruit loading in the future.

scholarly journals Pollen grain germination and fruit set in 'Brazilian seedless' sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellenn Thallyta Alves Mendes ◽  
Márcia Regina Costa ◽  
Silvia Nietsche ◽  
João Alison Alves Oliveira ◽  
Marlon Cristian Toledo Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Pollen Grain Germination ◽  
Artificial Pollination ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Fruit Formation

The purpose of this study was to evaluate fruit set and pollen grain germination of 'Brazilian seedless' sugar apple. Two experiments were performed: 1) one in a completely randomized design with three treatments (natural and artificial pollination and self-fertilization), with three replications of 10 flowers per plot, 2) and the other in a completely randomized design with three treatments: pollen grains of a seeded wild-type, 'Brazilian seedless' and atemoya (hybrid of sugar apple and cherimoya) 'Gefner', with five replications. A fruit set of 100% was achieved by artificial pollination. No fruit formation was observed after self-fertilization. The percentage of pollen grain germination in vitro was highest for 'Brazilian seedless' (52.5%) and lowest for cultivar Gefner (5.9%). Preliminary results indicated that pollen grains of 'Brazilian seedless' are viable and that natural or artificial pollination is essential for fruit set.

scholarly journals Self-incompatibility and Self-fruitfulness in Pear cv. Agua de Aranjuez

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Sanzol ◽  
Maria Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Performance Results

Most pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars are impaired to set fruit under self-pollination, because self-fertilization is prevented by a gametophytic self-incompatibility system. However, accumulated information in this species shows that often for a same cultivar, after self-pollination, a variable response in fruit set can be obtained in different years or growing conditions. In this work, we characterize self-incompatibility and self-fruitfulness in ‘Agua de Aranjuez’, the main Spanish pear cultivar, which also shows a variable response to self-pollination. Two years with a different fruit setting response after self-pollination, one with no fruit set and the other with a moderate fruit set, were compared for parthenocarpic fruit development and for pollen tube performance. Results show that in both years, this cultivar behaves as self-incompatible with absence of parthenocarpy. In selfed flowers, most pollen tubes are arrested in the upper half of the style, although in a small proportion of the styles, a pollen tube can reach the base of the style and eventually effect fertilization. Self-fertilization, although occurring at a low level, can explain the fruit set levels obtained under self-pollination given that flowers with just one fertilized ovule are able to set fruit. This behavior could explain confusing results about self-fruitfulness in ‘Agua de Aranjuez’ and other pear cultivars.

A study on pollination of Packham's Triumph pears

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (56) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Langridge ◽  
PT Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Pear Orchard ◽  
Pear Trees

The availability of pollen for fertilizing Packham's Triumph pear flowers and its dispersal aerially and by honeybees was studied in the laboratory and in a pear orchard. Ripening and dehiscence of anthers were promoted by higher temperatures and lower relative humidities. More airborne pollen was in the orchard between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. than during the remainder of the day. Flight activity of bees was related to ambient temperature but not to visits to pear trees. Enclosing trees in beeproof cages did not cause significant effects on yield of fruit or seed counts. The apparent failure of bees to effect pollination of Packham's Triumph pear flowers is discussed.

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