A study on pollination of dessert peaches cv. Crawford

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (87) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Langridge ◽  
PT Jenkins ◽  
RD Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Peach Orchard

The availability of pollen for fertilization of Crawford peaches and its dispersal by wind and by honeybees was studied in the laboratory and in a peach orchard. Optimum conditions for ripening and dehiscence of the anthers were provided when temperatures were above 25�C and humidity was below 70 per cent R.H. There was virtually no airborne pollen in the open orchard or inside a cage placed around a peach tree. Flight activity of bees was related to ambient temperatures and bee visits to peach trees were low compared with those for cherries or apples. On trees to which bees had access there was a 2.9 x increase in percentage of flowers that set fruit and a 2.6 x increase in weight of fruit harvested as compared with trees from which bees were excluded.

Pollination of canning peaches cv. Golden Queen

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (99) ◽  
pp. 510 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Langridge ◽  
RD Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Normal Mode ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Insect Visitors

The pollination requirements of Golden Queen peaches were studied in an orchard in the Goulburn Valley, Victoria. There was virtually no airborne pollen in the open orchard nor inside a cage placed around a peach tree. Flight activity of bees was related to ambient temperatures and honeybees accounted for 99.4% of insect visitors to the peach flowers. On trees to which bees had access there was a 1.2 times increase in the percentage of flowers that set fruit, but the weight of fruit harvested was not significantly different. Self-fertilization supplemented by honeybee pollination appears to be the normal mode of fruit set in this cultivar.

The role of honeybees in pollination of cherries

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (61) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Langridge ◽  
RD Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Cherry Orchard ◽  
Marked Decline

The availability of pollen for fertilization of Moss' Early cherries and its dispersal by wind and by honeybees was studied in the laboratory and in a cherry orchard. Ripening and dehiscence of anthers was promoted by higher temperatures and lower relative humidities. Airborne pollen concentrations in the orchard were greater between 10.00 a.m. and 4.00 p.m. than during the remainder of the day. Flight activity of bees was related to ambient temperatures and bee visits to cherry flowers were comparable with those for apples. Enclosing trees in beeproof cages caused a marked decline in fruit yields.

scholarly journals Soil Solarization and Biological Control for Managing Mesocriconema xenoplax and Short Life in a Newly Established Peach Orchard

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1309-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Nyczepir ◽  
D. A. Kluepfel ◽  
V. Waldrop ◽  
W. P. Wechter
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Soil Solarization ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Tree Survival ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Peach Orchard

The effects of soil solarization, with and without a Pseudomonas spp. cocktail or wheat rotation as alternatives to chemical control of Mesocriconema xenoplax, were investigated from 2004 to 2011. Preplant solarization and soil fumigation (67% methyl bromide + 33% chloropicrin mixture; henceforth, referred to as MBr) was initiated in 2004 in an orchard infested with M. xenoplax and a history of peach tree short life (PTSL). Plots consisted of nine treatments: (i) nonsolarized soil-alone, (ii) nonsolarized soil with bacteria cocktail (nonsolar-bacteria), (iii) nonsolarized soil with wheat (nonsolar-wheat), (iv) nonsolarized soil with bacteria cocktail and wheat (nonsolar-bacteria-wheat), (v) solarized soil-alone, (vi) solarized soil with bacteria cocktail solar-bacteria), (vii) solarized soil with wheat (solar-wheat), (viii) solarized soil with bacteria cocktail and wheat (solar-bacteria-wheat), and (ix) preplant MBr fumigation. Peach trees were planted into all plots in 2005. Nematode populations were suppressed 20 months longer after orchard establishment in solar-alone and solar-wheat plots than solar-bacteria and solar-bacteria-wheat plots. Pseudomonas spp. cocktails did not have a pronounced effect in suppressing M. xenoplax in this study. Fumigation effect on M. xenoplax population density dissipated 24 months after application. Solar-wheat-treated soil was as effective as preplant MBr fumigation in increasing tree survival from PTSL for at least 6 years after orchard establishment.

scholarly journals Using a Chill Unit/Growing Degree Hour Model to Assess Spring Freeze Risks for `Redhaven' Peach Trees

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1382-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Logan ◽  
Dennis E. Deyton ◽  
David W. LockWood
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Growing Degree Hours ◽  
Chill Unit ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Peach Orchard

Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] production in Tennessee has declined since 1985 due to the occurrence of freezing temperatures that kill the buds, usually in the spring. Analyses of long-term (1951-89) daily temperature data from four locations in Tennessee were used to evaluate the freeze risks for `Redhaven' peach tree buds at those sites. A model using daily accumulated chill units and growing degree hours (base 4.4C air temperature) was used to estimate the dates to begin and end chill unit accumulations and the dates of full bloom of `Redhaven' peach trees for each year in the climatological record. The actual dates of freezes with air temperatures at or below –2.2C and the estimated bud developmental stage on the date of each freeze also were determined. The model was tested using peach orchard records and was found to be an improvement over using only freeze data. The model indicated that Spring Hill had the highest risk for peach production and Jackson the lowest. Recent problems with spring freezes at Knoxville and Spring Hill were due to later than normal freeze dates rather than earlier development of the `Redhaven' peach tree buds. At Springfield, the recent freeze problems were due to earlier breaking of rest, earlier full bloom, and later freezes.

scholarly journals Comparison among chemical thinners applied to ‘Maciel’ and ‘Sensação’ peach trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roseli de Mello Farias ◽  
Caroline Farias Barreto ◽  
Renan Ricardo Zandoná ◽  
Carlos Roberto Martins ◽  
Paulo Celso de Mello Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Tree Thinning ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Peach Orchard

Peach tree thinning, which aims at reducing plant load so as to ensure productivity and fruit quality, has been manually carried out within a short period of time in the stage of fruit development. Due to the need and shortage of qualified man power, chemical thinning is one of the alternatives that can solve these difficulties found in manual thinning. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of different products which have been applied – either alone or in combination – to fruit thinning of peach tree cultivars ‘Sensação’ and ‘Maciel’ in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in the 2015/2016 crop in a commercial peach orchard located in Morro Redondo, RS, Brazil. The following seven treatments were carried out 40 days after full bloom (DAFB): plants with no thinning, manual thinning, metamitron, benzyladenine, benzyladenine + metamitron, ethephon, ethephon + metamitron. Fruit abscission, effective fructification, number of fruits and production per plant, mean mass and fruit classification into caliber classes, epidermis color, pulp firmness and soluble solids were evaluated. Production and number of fruits per plant decreased excessively, whereas fruits placed in categories of higher caliber increased when ethephon was either used alone or in combination with metamitron. When both metamitron and benzyladenine were applied, either alone or in combination, they led to fruit abscission and resulted in mean fruit size and weight, at harvest time, similar to those found in manual thinning. Application of chemical products – either alone or in combination – may be an alternative of peach tree thinning in orchard management.           

Optimization of a Novel Combined Power/Refrigeration Thermodynamic Cycle

Solar Energy ◽  
2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoguang Lu ◽  
D. Yogi Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Reduced Gradient ◽  
Generalized Reduced Gradient ◽  
Performance Conditions

A novel combined power/refrigeration thermodynamic cycle is optimized for thermal performance in this paper. The cycle uses ammonia-water binary mixture as a working fluid and can be driven by various heat sources, such as solar, geothermal and low temperature waste heat. It could produce power as well as refrigeration with power output as a primary goal. The optimization program, which is based on the Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) algorithm, can be used to optimize for different objective functions. Examples that maximize second law efficiency, work output and refrigeration output are presented, showing the cycle may be optimized for any desired performance parameter. In addition, cycle performance over a range of ambient temperatures was investigated. It was found that for a source temperature of 360K, which is in the range of flat plate solar collectors, both power and refrigeration outputs are achieved under optimum conditions. All performance parameters, including first and second law efficiencies, power and refrigeration output decrease as the ambient temperature goes up. On the other hand, for a source of 440K, optimum conditions do not provide any refrigeration. However, refrigeration can be obtained even for this temperature under non-optimum performance conditions.

EFFECTS OF SEVIN ON PHYTOPHAGOUS MITES AND PREDATORS IN AN ONTARIO PEACH ORCHARD

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wm. L. Putman ◽  
D. C. Herne
Keyword(s):  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Predacious Mite ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Peach Orchard ◽  
Stethorus Punctillum

Numbers of the European red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch) increased but those of the brown mite (Bryobia arborea Morgan & Anderson) and the peach silver mite (Vasates cornutus Banks) decreased after sprays of Sevin (N-methyl-1-naphthyl carbamate) were applied to peach trees. Sevin practically eliminated the predacious mite Typhlodromus rhenanus Oudms., and larvae and pupae of Stethorus punctillum Weise, and greatly reduced the numbers of adults of S. punctillum, chrysopid larvae, and spiders.

scholarly journals Nutrient element variability of peach trees and tree mortality in relation to cultivars and rootstocks

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Tsipouridis CG ◽  
Simonis AD ◽  
S. Bladenopoulos ◽  
Issakidis AM ◽  
Stylianidis DC
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
Nutrient Element ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Peach Orchard ◽  
Leaf N

Leaf samples from 12 peach cultivars (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch.) (Early Crest, May Crest, Flavor Crest,Sun Crest, Fayette, Katherina, Loadel, Andross, Everts, May Grand, Firebrite and Fairlane) grafted on four peach root-stocks were analyzed for their nutrient content. The analysis of variance for leaf nutrient concentrations indicated very significant effects and interactions among cultivars and rootstocks. The rootstock effect on the absorption of nutrient elements was higher for Ca, K, P, Mg, N, and lower for Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, and B. Generally cultivars grafted on GF 677 had higher N, K, Fe, Cu and lower Zn, Mn, and B, while leaves from cultivars grafted on wild seedlings were found to contain higher Mg and lower P, K, Fe concentrations. Leaf B and Ca were higher for cultivars grafted on Sant Julien GF 655/2, while cultivars on Damas GF 1869 had higher P, Zn, Mn and lower N, B, Ca, Cu concentrations. Leaf N was lower for Fayette on all four rootstocks and significantly different from all other cultivars. Leaf P was lower for Everts and higher for Katherina. Lower concentrations were observed in Early Crest for Fe and Zn, in Andross for Mn, and in Loadel for B, while Flavor Crest had higher concentrations of all these elements. Leaf Zn was the highest for Sun Crest on wild seedling and the lowest for Early Crest on the same rootstock. Similarly leaf N was the highest for Katherina on Damas and the lowest for Fayetteon the same rootstock. Also leaf Mg was the highest for Fayette on Damas and the lowest for Fairlane on Damas. Peach tree mortality was the highest for Damas 1869 and lowest for Sant Julien. Also tree mortality was highest for Early Crest and Sun Crest and lowest for May Grand, Firebrite, and Katherina. The observed trends in the leaf nutrient composition, as regards the cultivars, rootstocks and their interactions, emphasize the importance of these factors on a new peach orchard establishment and macro-microelement fertilization.      

The Role of Pythium in Feeder Roots of Diseased and Symptomless Peach Trees and in Orchard Soils in Peach Tree Decline

1971 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Mircetich
Keyword(s):  
Tree Decline ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Orchard Soils

scholarly journals Influence of Environmental Conditions on Spore Production and Budding in Taphrina deformans, the Causal Agent of Peach Leaf Curl

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Rossi ◽  
L. Languasco
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Work Supports ◽  
Ascospore Production ◽  
Plant Surfaces ◽  
Over Time

Environment-controlled studies were carried out to determine the growth of Taphrina deformans under different conditions of temperature, humidity, and nutrient availability similar to those found on plant surfaces during the peach-growing season. Both ascospores and blastospores were able to bud at all temperatures tested (5 to 37°C), with the optimum at 14 and 21°C, respectively. Temperature <20°C favored ascospore production and release, with the optimum at 10°C. Budding was approximately two-and-a-half times higher in a film of water than on a dry substrate, with 100% relative humidity and blastospores also maintained a certain budding ability at lower humidity levels (minimum tested = 47%). Both spore types did not bud after ≈50 to 55 h in the absence of external nutrients. In the presence of a periodically renewed carbon source, such as simple sugars, at concentrations that typically are present on peach plant surfaces, the fungus maintained its budding capability over time. Results showed that T. deformans is able to bud profusely under a wide range of environmental conditions that occur on peach tree surfaces. This work supports the hypothesis that T. deformans is a part of the normal epiphytic mycoflora of peach trees throughout the entire growing season.

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