The role of fungi and nematodes as factors associated with death of white clover (Trifolium repens) stolons over summer in south-eastern Queensland

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (88) ◽  
pp. 789 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAG Irwin ◽  
RM Jones
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
One Year

A series of laboratory and field trials examined the role of both fungi and nematodes in causing stolon death of white clover (Trifolium repens) which is typically encountered over summer/early autumn in sub-tropical coastal Queensland. Pythium middletonii was consistently isolated from necrotic stolons and roots of Trifolium spp. collected at a range of sites, and was the only fungal species isolated that was pathogenic to white clover seedlings in glasshouse tests. Under controlled environment conditions P. middletonii also caused a root and stolon rot of mature plants similar to that observed in the field. Preliminary studies suggested that some naturalized white clover strains are more resistant as seedlings than commercial white clover cultivars. In 1974-75 and 1975-76 fungicides were applied at monthly intervals over summer to grazed pastures at two sites. Stolon death was significantly reduced by fungicide at one site in one year. The possible role of plant parasitic nematodes in the decline syndrome was investigated in 1975 at three sites: the decline in clover was significantly reduced by nematicide at each site.

scholarly journals Efficacy of root digestion and maceration in determining abundance of rootinhabiting nematodes

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.C. Rohan ◽  
N.L. Bell ◽  
N.D.F. Lee ◽  
L.T. Aalders
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Waring Blender ◽  
Counting Technique ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Alternatives were sought to the standard root staining and plate counting technique for determining abundance of rootinhabiting plant parasitic nematodes as it is time consuming and laborious The use of KOH cellulase pectinase EDTA sodium hypochlorite bleach root staining or tap water alone or in combination with heating or maceration in a Waring blender was investigated as tools for extracting the root knot (Meloidogyne) clover cyst (Heterodera) and lesion (Pratylenchus) nematodes from white clover (Trifolium repens) roots Abundance of nematodes extracted from and remaining in roots after maceration was determined to assess the efficacy of the various treatments The best method involved staining roots by the standard method followed by a 10 second pulse of blender maceration For seedlings extraction of M trifoliophila nematodes by the best maceration method was not significantly different to that of the standard method but macerated samples took ca 6x less time to assess than the standard method

Role of Biological Agents for the Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-200
Author(s):  
Aamir Raina ◽  
Mohammad Danish ◽  
Samiullah Khan ◽  
Hisamuddin Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Biological Agents ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematode feeding tubes and plugs: new perspectives on function

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Eves-van den Akker ◽  
Catherine J. Lilley ◽  
John T. Jones ◽  
Peter E. Urwin
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Feeding Tubes ◽  
Host Cell Cytoplasm ◽  
Multiple Structures ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Several structures associated with feeding by plant-parasitic nematodes have been described using two terms, feeding tubes and feeding plugs. However, both of these terms encompass multiple structures of independent evolution, some of which are functionally distinct. We have reviewed the literature on both structures and provide a new perspective on the function of intracellular feeding tubes to maintain the integrity and efficacy of the feeding site. We propose that they provide sufficient hydraulic resistance against the feeding site pressure to prevent it from collapsing during feeding. In addition, we propose that extracellular feeding tubes of migratory ectoparasites should be considered as the functional analogue of the stylet of all other plant-parasitic nematodes for withdrawal of host cell cytoplasm and, therefore, provide an example of convergent evolution. We also suggest that the main role of the feeding plug, irrespective of origin or composition, may be in adhesion.

scholarly journals Leaf senescence and clonal growth of white clover

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 171-173
Author(s):  
S.M. Butcher ◽  
D.W. Fountain ◽  
M.T. Mcmanus
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

Leaf senescence is a programmed event where resources are mobilised from older tissues to the meristematic regions of the plant. In white clover (Trifolium repens L.), leaf and stolon senescence have an important impact on the persistence of the legume in pasture. As part of our investigation of leaf senescence, we have evidence for a central role for the plant hormone ethylene and have identified genes encoding ethylene biosynthetic enzymes. In this paper we include data showing some physiological changes as leaf tissue undergoes senescence and present evidence for the role of ethylene in regulating this process. Keywords: chlorophyll, ethylene, senescence, stolon, leaf, Trifolium repens L.

Influence of Light on Assimilate Partitioning in White Clover (Trifolium repens L.)

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
SV Pasumarty ◽  
DW Fountain
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Assimilate Partitioning ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Clover Plant

In order to identify factors which might contribute to the premature abortion of young inflorescences of white clover Trifolium repens L. in low irradiances, a study was made of the possible role of limiting photosynthetic assimilates to the developing inflorescence. The relationship between the irradiance and distribution pattern of assimilates in the clover plant under different irradiances was determined. Besides driving the photosynthetic supply of sucrose, light seems to play an indirect role in controlling partitioning of photoassimilates. Under low irradiance, the growing tip of the shoot and roots were major sinks and negligible amounts of 14C-labelled assimilates were supplied to the inflorescence. In medium and high irradiances, the inflorescence competes for assimilates with stolon apex and roots.

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