Effects of plant spacing and season on growth of Melaleuca alternifolia and yield of tea tree oil

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (111) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEJ Small
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
New South ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
South Wales

A plant spacing experiment with the tea tree oil species, Melaleuca alternifolia was carried out at Castle Hill, New South Wales, from 1970 to 1979. The study compared the response to three within-row spacings and measured the effects of seasons over seven harvests. The planting patterns tested were 1.22 x 1.22, 0.61 and 0.305 m. For all years there was an average increase in leaf and oil yield of 93% (2.9 l/ha and 46 l/ha, respectively) in the highest population (26 908 trees/ha) compared with the lowest (6727 trees/ha). Large differences in growth rate and oil yield occurred between years. I conclude that M. alternifolia is amenable to cultivation for tea tree oil production, plant spacing is an important factor in its management and optimum population exceeds 27 000 trees/ha.

Addition of tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) in diet minimize biochemical disturbances in silver catfish Rhamdia quelen exposed to the antiparasitic amitraz

Aquaculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 736954
Author(s):  
Tamires R. dos Reis ◽  
Matheus D. Baldissera ◽  
Carine F. Souza ◽  
Bernardo Baldisserotto ◽  
Julia Corá Segat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Silver Catfish ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen

Reproductive biology of Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae) 1. Floral biology

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Baskorowati ◽  
M. W. Moncur ◽  
J. C. Doran ◽  
P. J. Kanowski
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Flowering Intensity

Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel is commercially important as the source of essential oil for the Australian tea tree-oil industry. Information on reproductive biology of M. alternifolia is important to the Australian breeding program directed at improving the quality and quantity of tea tree oil. Flowering in three geographically separated sites – two planted seed orchards and one managed natural population, all in NSW – was observed in the present study, with supporting data obtained from glasshouse-grown plants in Canberra. The majority of the work was conducted from 2004 to 2007, although the study also drew on some prior observations. M. alternifolia has spikes of flowers that open acropetally over a 6-day period. No strong separation of male and female phases was found in any individual flower; pollen was shed by 1.4 days after anthesis and the stigma reached peak receptivity 3–5 days after anthesis. Dichogamy and acropetal floral development may lead to geitonogamy. Flowering occurred during the months of October–November, with the peak in November, and was synchronous across all three sites. Flowering intensity and success in producing capsules appeared to be associated with total spring rainfall. Initiation of flowering in M. alternifolia appears to be correlated with daylength, or an environmental parameter closely correlated with daylength. Flowering intensity varied considerably among the years surveyed, sites and families, and appears to be promoted by a period of winter minimum temperatures below 5°C. In M. alternifolia, the morphological development of buds, flowers and fruit leading to the development of mature seed takes place over a period 16–18 months from flowering. M. alternifolia differed significantly in the number of viable seeds per capsule from individual trees, from 26 ± 3.8 to 57 ± 3.8 germinants.

Evaluation of postharvest infiltration of calcium to delay the ripening of avocados

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
RBH Wills ◽  
S Sirivatanapa ◽  
Sirivatanapa Somjate
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Vacuum Infiltration ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Ripening Time ◽  
South Wales

Postharvest vacuum infiltration of calcium into mature but unripe Hass and Fuerte avocados obtained from 80 growers in the 3 major growing districts in Australia over 2 seasons delayed the time to ripen compared with untreated fruit; but the magnitude of the response varied. Hass fruit from 66% of growers in the Murray Valley showed a significant delay in ripening and the average increase in fruit from all growers was 45% over that of untreated fruit. The response of Fuerte fruit was similar between districts, with an average delay in ripening time of about 30% and with fruit from 60% of growers having a significant increase. Hass fruit from North Queensland and northern New South Wales gave the lowest average delay in ripening of about 10% and an increased delay was significant for fruit from 25% of growers. The quality of ripe Hass fruit was not affected by calcium infiltration, whereas a slight decrease in the quality of Fuerte fruit was observed.

scholarly journals Emprego do óleo de Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel (Myrtaceae) na odontologia: perspectivas quanto à utilização como antimicrobiano alternativo às doenças infecciosas de origem bucal

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C.M. Oliveira ◽  
A. Fontana ◽  
T.C. Negrini ◽  
M.N.M. Nogueira ◽  
T.B.L. Bedran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Tea Tree

O interesse por medicamentos alternativos, principalmente daqueles provenientes de extratos naturais, tem aumentado nas últimas décadas. A Melaleuca alternifolia é um arbusto pertencente ao gênero Melaleuca, popularmente conhecida como "árvore de chá", cujo principal produto é o óleo essencial (TTO - tea tree oil), de grande importância medicinal por possuir comprovada ação bactericida e antifúngica contra diversos patógenos humanos. Em virtude da atividade terapêutica em diversas especialidades médicas, o TTO passou a ser empregado na área odontológica. Esta revisão de literatura foi realizada com o objetivo de discutir os ensaios já realizados com o TTO contra microrganismos relacionados à doença cárie, doença periodontal e problemas pulpares. O óleo de Melaleuca tem demonstrado boa ação antibacteriana in vitro contra microrganismos bucais, porém, pesquisas envolvendo o estudo do mecanismo de ação sobre as células microbianas ou estudos in vivo ainda são escassos e precisam ser realizados, já que esse produto pode ser útil na odontologia, seja na manutenção química da higiene ou prevenção de doenças bucais.

scholarly journals Azelaic acid and Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil co-loaded vesicular carrier for combinational therapy of acne

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alpna Bisht ◽  
Chetna Hemrajani ◽  
Navneet Upadhyay ◽  
Prakriti Nidhi ◽  
Rajan Rolta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azelaic Acid ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Work Of Adhesion ◽  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Rat Skin ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Retention Characteristics

Aim: Azelaic acid (AzA), a comedolytic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory anti-melanogenic agent, prescribed against acne vulgaris is safe on skin. Its combination with another widely used anti-acne agent, tea tree oil (EO) whose delivery is limited by volatility, instability and lipophilicity constraints was attempted. Method: Solvent injection was used to prepare AzA-EO integrated ethosomes. Result: Ethosomes were transformed into carbopol hydrogel, which exhibited pseudo-plastic properties with appreciable firmness, work of shear, stickiness and work of adhesion. The hydrogel showed better permeation and retention characteristics vis-a-vis commercial formulation (AzidermTM), when evaluated in Wistar rat skin. Further, ethosome hydrogel composite was better tolerated with no side effects. Conclusion: The findings suggests that the aforementioned strategy could be a potential treatment used for acne management.

Synergism and postantibiotic effect of tobramycin and Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Phytomedicine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela D’Arrigo ◽  
Giovanna Ginestra ◽  
Giuseppina Mandalari ◽  
P.M. Furneri ◽  
G. Bisignano
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Postantibiotic Effect ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Tea Tree

Varieties of tomatoes for mechanical harvesting on the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area of NSW

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (27) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
JB Sumeghy ◽  
HC Kirton
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Time Of Harvest

To test the potential suitability of ten tomato varieties in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area of New South Wales to mechanical harvesting, the yields from 'once-over' harvests were compared with the yields from a harvest consisting of four pickings at weekly intervals. In a second experiment the effect of plant spacing, time of harvest, and side-dressing with nitrogen fertilizer were studied for the most promising varieties from the first experiment. The varieties Roma 884, VF145-22-8, and VF145 held their crops for prolonged periods without deterioration and so showed potential for mechanical harvesting. High planting density gave the highest yields from a single picking, and later picking and nitrogen side-dressing also increased yield.

Comparison of the efficacy of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil with other current pharmacological management in human demodicosis: A Systematic Review

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (14) ◽  
pp. 1587-1613
Author(s):  
Nelson Siu Kei Lam ◽  
Xin Xin Long ◽  
Xuegang Li ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Robert C Griffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Delivery Technology

AbstractVarious treatments are found to be moderately effective in managing Demodex-related diseases except tea tree oil (TTO) and terpinen-4-ol (T4O), which showed superior miticidal and anti-inflammatory effects in numerous clinical studies. Their possible effects include lowering mite counts, relieving Demodex-related symptoms, and modulating the immune system. This review summarizes the current clinical topical and oral treatments in human demodicosis, their possible mechanisms of action, side-effects and resistance in treating this condition. TTO (especially T4O) is found to be the most effective followed by metronidazole, ivermectin and permethrin in managing the disease. This is because TTO has anti-parasitic, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects. Furthermore, nanoTTO can even release its contents into fungus and Pseudomonas biofilms. Combinations of different treatments are occasionally needed for refractory cases, especially for individuals with underlying genetic predisposal or are immuno-compromised. Although the current treatments show efficacy in controlling the Demodex mite population and the related symptoms, further research needs to be focused on the efficacy and drug delivery technology in order to develop alternative treatments with better side-effects profiles, less toxicity, lower risk of resistance and are more cost-effective.

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