Benefits of Menaming Dams and the Potential of Irrigation Canals as a Source of Power Generation

The difficult location access and a small population can cause lack of electricity from PLN (State Electricity Company). One alternative that can be done is to use irrigation canals as a source of generation. In this study explained the social conditions of the community, the function of dams for the community and the potential of irrigation canals as a source of power generation. A case study was conducted in the Menaming Village in Riau Province. Menaming dam is one of the dams that have two main irrigation channels that can be used as a source of power generation. A quantitative descriptive method was used in this study. The results of the survey conducted by observing directly, questionnaires and data collection showed that Menaming dam was very beneficial for the Menaming’s community. Menaming dam is used as a source of water for rice fields and community ponds, access to community plantation land, fishing grounds and as a tourist attraction. Based preliminary study in Menaming dam was discovered the hydraulic water power in irrigation canals amounted to 1,330 watts. Therefore, it can be used as a source of power generation to meet the electricity needs of a simple house.

Adaptation of cayenne pepper farmers (Capsicum frutescens L.) on climate change in Jelbuk Subdistrict Jember

Climate change becomes more difficult to predict. Thus, makes farmers no longer able to accurately predict planting season. The impacts are decreasing productivity and production of cayenne pepper which can cause farmers to suffer losses. Efforts to minimize these losses are carried out with appropriate adaptation actions according to the conditions of the cultivated land. This study aims to determine the adaptation made by cayenne pepper farmers in Jelbuk Subdistrict, Jember District because of climate change. The used analysed method is qualitative through structured interviews, observation, and documentation. The used sampling method is purposive. The results showed that in the last 10 years, cayenne pepper farmers have experienced climate change. These changes such as seasonal shifts, extreme rains, droughts, and changes in air temperature which have an impact on increasing attacks of plant-disturbing organisms. The adaptations carried out by cayenne pepper farmers are adjusting the planting season, adjusting plant types (using tolerant varieties and crop rotation), using mulch and adding organic fertilizer, adjusting the shape of the beds/mounds, adjusting spacing settings, improving irrigation channels (adjusting the depth of the canal), applying water-saving technology, applying integrated pest and disease management techniques, implementing an intercropping system, accessing information technology, and actively participating in agricultural extention and field schools.

Analysis of Conveyance Losses from Tertiary Irrigation Network

Irrigation canals are generally made through porous soil formations, since the soil is loose porous media – a huge amount of canal water is lost to conveyance losses. The situation becomes direr when these losses result in non-beneficial losses. The Sindh province of Pakistan has more than 70% saline groundwater, conveyance losses to such areas in the province not only become unusable but also creates water management problems. Perhaps the only cost-effective way to address these losses is canal lining. The present study was conducted in the command area of Belharo distributary, Sindh, Pakistan with an aim to determine the extent of losses from the tertiary irrigated network as these water channels are less considered in the literature with regards of conveyance losses. Using water balance method, conveyance efficiency and conveyance losses at 30% lined and 50 and 75% unlined length of the watercourses was observed. The results revealed that the tertiary irrigation channels face an average of 43% conveyance losses and major proportion of these losses is lost to non-beneficial losses from the study area. The study further suggests 75% lining of watercourses in order to minimize non-beneficial losses. This study also infers that with the use of geo-membrane lining, sizeable amount of fresh water can be saved. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091756 Full Text: PDF

Stage of Potential Identification Irrigation Channel Topography Analysis for Micro-Hydro Power in the Kalibawang Irrigation Primary Channel, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

This study was designed to determine the stages in the identification of micro-hydro in irrigation channels based on the classification and level of data requirements in a project, starting from the initial study, feasibility study and detailed engineering design. The study was conducted with site selection criteria using four information systems and technology tools, namely Google Earth, GIS Topography, UAV Drone Phantom DJI 4, and Nikkon DTM 332 Total Station. The results shows through GE and GIS, obtained 23 potential points, 7 of which are high potential, followed by field measurements with 1 selected UAV location Cascade, and detailed with TS to produce Head (H) 12 m, with CM and FDC probability 75% discharge (Q) 5.5 m3/s, generated power (P) 550 kW. This study provides a method and solution for speed in identifying potential with Google Earth and GIS (Macro Class), speed and risk reduction for surveyors with UAVs (Mezo Class), and accuracy and detailing at selected locations with Total Station (Micro Class). So that this research provides accuracy in the stages, methods and tools used in the identification of micro-hydro potential in irrigation channels.

TRANSFORMATION OF FLOODPLAIN LANDSCAPES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ZAKHARKOVO FLOODPLAIN OF THE MOSCOW RIVER)

The Zakharkovskaya floodplain of the Moscow River is located directly above the Moscow Ring Road. It is an example of a natural structure that is spontaneously restored after long-term economic use (hayfields, pastures, long-term plowing, summer cottege settlements, drainage and irrigation channels, silt sites, etc.) under conditions of cessation of intensive anthropogenic impact. The article deals with the history of the formation and development of the Zakharkovskaya floodplain in prehistoric times (late Holocene), in the early historical period (beginning-middle of the second millennium AD), and in the late historical period-XIX-XXI centuries. The regulation of water flow, which has occurred in recent decades, is accompanied by a relative stabilization of the Moscow riverbed, turning it into a canal, reducing the intensity of channel deformations, leveling the bottom relief with its general deepening. As in other floodplain plots, the territory of floodplain leaves the flood zone; depressions are filled in, lakes are degraded, and man-made terrain is formed. At the same time, the current restrictions on access to the territory of the Zakharkovskaya floodplain for 10-15 years have created conditions for the restoration of natural structures, in particular, forest and shrub tracts, and increased the landscape and ecological attractiveness of floodplain lands.

Aquifer Analysis With Seismic Methods in Parambahan Region

The problem faced by farmers in Parambahan Region during the dry season is agricultural land does not get adequate water supply from existing irrigation channels, as a result, farmers can only carry out agricultural activities during the rainy season in Parambahan Region Lima Kaum Subdistrict, district of Tanah Datar. This study aims to determine the location and depth of soil layers containing groundwater by using the seismic method, measurements are carried out at two points, with the length of the track at the first point is 80 meters, and at the second point of 70 meters, each measurement on seismic data collection using 4 geophones as signal capture sensors, with a distance between geophones of 5 meters. The results of this study that the wave velocity at the first data point collection was 169.49 m / s and the lowest were 87.1 m / s, and the wave velocity at the second point was 129.68 m / s and the lowest was 48.07 m / s. from the wave velocity, it can be seen the type and depth of the groundwater layer at the point of data collection on the first pass, which is a depth of up to 27.5 meters of the possibility of soft soil and a depth of about 30 to 40 meters of watery soft soil at that depth may have groundwater, and at that point, the second passage at a depth of up to 25 meters is likely to be soft soil and at a depth of around 25 to 35 meters of watery soft soil at that depth, there is groundwater.

Efektivitas Pengawasan Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD) Terhadap Pengelolaan Dana Desa (Desa Blahkiuh, Kecamatan Abiansemal, Kabupaten Badung)

Village funds are a form of assistance from the government as a means of support and means of encouraging development and empowerment of communities in the village, where the assistance is used to support community facilities in developing activities and potential in a village. The government budget given to the village is basically used to increase community development and empowerment. The purposes of this research are to examine the implementation of the supervision of the Village Consultative Body (BPD) on the management of village funds in Blahkiuh Village and the effectiveness of the supervision of the Village Consultative Body (BPD) on the management of village funds in Blahkiuh Village. This type of research used in this study is an empirical method, wtih socilogical approach and staturory approach. The results shows that Implementation of BPD supervision of village fund management in Blahkiuh Village, among others, is directed at realizing the desired future state by looking at the potential and needs of the Village. The effectiveness of BPD supervision on the management of village funds in Blahkiuh Village, among others, is not yet fully running, although the village budget is very important, such as construction / repair / maintenance activities for irrigation channels, roads, etc. This is influenced by low public participation, weak coordination between planning and budget execution

Analysis of lead (Pb) levels in water, sediment and mollusks in secondary irrigation channels in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia

Tahir IA, Lamondo D, Baderan DWK. 2020. Analysis of lead (Pb) levels in water, sediment and mollusks in secondary irrigation channels in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetl 11: 1-6. This study was conducted in July-August 2020 in the secondary irrigation channels of Gorontalo Province, aimed to determine the lead content in the water, sediment and gastropods in the channels. The sampling points were located in four sub-districts, i.e., North Bulango Sub-district, Sipatana Sub-district, Central City Sub-district and Hulonthalangi Sub-district. The samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The data were analyzed qualitatively by comparing them with the contamination thresholds set by the government of Indonesia. The results showed that the levels of lead in water in the four stations were 0.37 mg/L, 1.30 mg/L, 1.69 mg/L and 0.38 mg/L, respectively, in the sediment 1.1268 ppm, 0.9719 ppm, 0.7602 ppm, and 0.5290 ppm, respectively, and in each mollusk species, i.e., Bellamnya sp. 0.2924 mg/kg, Pomacea canaliculata 0.2413 mg/kg and Pomacea canaliculata 0.1873 mg/kg. The lead levels in the water, sediment and gastropods in the study sites exceeded the contamination thresholds set by the Indonesian government.

Limnocharis flava (yellow bur-head).

L. flava, commonly known as yellow bur head, is a perennial broad-leaved weed which behaves as an annual in certain habitats. It spreads throughout South-East Asia especially in rice crops, and also in South America and the USA. It prefers wet conditions such as lowland rice fields, shallow canals and ditches and reproduces both by seed and vegetatively. Heavy infestations of L. flava indicate a fertile soil. The effectiveness of drainage ditches and irrigation channels can be reduced through siltation caused by blockages of L. flava leaves and roots. Young leaves, petioles and flower stalks can be eaten as vegetables. Whole plants are used as fodder for pigs, cattle or fish and plant residues can be also be used for feed and as green manure. L. flava can be controlled by chemical such as 2,4-D herbicides and sulfonyl urea products such as bensulfuron and bensulfuron/metsulfuron. Bentazon/MCPA can be used to control multiple resistant biotype of L. flava.