Effects of cincturing, defoliation and summer pruning on vegetative growth and flowering of custard apple (Annona cherimola x Annona squamosa) in subtropical Queensland

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 915 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP George ◽  
RJ Nissen
Keyword(s):  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Annona Cherimola ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Custard Apple

Trunk cincturing at monthly intervals from budbreak to mid January had no significant effects on vegetative flushing or flowering of 6-year-old custard apple trees (Annona cheriinola x Annona squamosa) cv. Pink's Mammoth in subtropical Queensland. In contrast, pre-budbreak defoliation with 1.0 g/L of 2- chloroethyi-phosphonic acid and 250 g/L of urea hastened, and post-budbreak defoliation and summer pruning delayed, shoot growth and flowering in 3-yearold custard apple trees, cv. African Pride. These responses were associated with a reduction in the number of flowers with defoliation and an increase after summer pruning. The main effect of summer pruning was to increase the number of subpetiolar buds which emerged on the new wood. There was no significant effect of treatments on the number of buds emerging from 1-year-old wood.

scholarly journals Gibberellic acid induces parthenocarpy and increases fruit size in the ‘Gefner’ custard apple (Annona cherimola x Annona squamosa)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayane Carneiro dos Santos ◽  
◽  
Marlon Cristian Toledo Pereira ◽  
Débora Souza Mendes ◽  
Raquel Rodrigues Soares Sobral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Annona Cherimola ◽  
Custard Apple

scholarly journals The Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Annona atemoya: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Bassam S. M. Al Kazman ◽  
Joanna E. Harnett ◽  
Jane R. Hanrahan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
South America ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Annona Cherimola ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Annona atemoya also known as the custard apple is a hybrid between two Annonaceae species: Cherimoya (Annona cherimola) and the sugar apple (Annona squamosa). It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical continents including north and south America, Asia, Africa and Australia. Despite becoming an increasingly important commercial fruit plant due to its’ creamy succulent flesh, compared to other Annonaceae species relatively few studies have investigated the phytochemistry and bioactivities of A. atemoya. Studies that evaluated A. atemoya extracts and its constituents were searched through the databases Scopus, Pubmed and Embase from inception to June 2020. Constituents of A. atemoya include alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes and acetogenins. The results indicate that the constituents of A. atemoya possess cytotoxic, anti-angiogenic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. However, many of these studies are currently limited in quality and further phytochemical and pharmacological studies are required.

scholarly journals Response of Micropropagated Apple Trees to Field Establishment Procedures

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1364-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Terminal Shoot

Growth, flowering, and fruiting of micropropagated `Jonathan' apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) transferred in Spring 1983 to the field from either a nursery, cold storage, or greenhouse were compared. First-year shoot and trunk growth was greatest for trees transplanted from the nursery and least for trees that were held in the greenhouse before being transferred to the field. Trees pruned low (35 cm) at planting time had more terminal shoot growth and less trunk cross-sectional area after the first growing season than those pruned high (90 cm). The effect of preplanting cultural practices on vegetative growth diminished in the 2nd year and disappeared by the end of the 3rd year in the orchard. Flowering began in 1985 and was only slightly affected by preplanting cultural practices and pruning treatments. Fruiting was not affected by the treatments.

Managing Vegetative Growth of Apples with Prohexadione Calcium can Influence Mid-season Spray Coverage

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 451f-452
Author(s):  
J.R. Evans ◽  
J.A. Balles ◽  
L.H. Bennett ◽  
B.A. Brinkman ◽  
A.H. Harrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Air Blast ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Prohexadione calcium (BAS 125W or Apogee™) is a plant growth regulator being developed to control vegetative growth in apples. Prohexadione calcium acts within a plant by blocking the biosynthesis of growth-active gibberellin. The result is decreased cell elongation; thus, reduced shoot length. Applications of prohexadione calcium beginning when the apple trees have 2 to 15 cm of new shoot growth significantly reduce seasonal vegetative growth. Mid-season measurements of air blast spray coverage using water-sensitive cards show that trees previously treated with prohexadione calcium have greater spray coverage within the tree canopy than untreated trees. Hence, more efficient crop protection can be expected in apple trees treated with prohexadione calcium.

scholarly journals 225 Prohexadione-Ca: Reduction in Vegetative Growth and Pruning of Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 481A-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Evans ◽  
J.A. Balles ◽  
B.A. Brinkman ◽  
V.E. Harris ◽  
J.D. Helm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Made In

Prohexadione-Ca (BAS 12511W or Apogee™ Plant Growth Regulator) acts within a plant by blocking the biosynthesis of growth-active gibberellin. The result is decreased cell and shoot elongation; thus, vegetative growth in apple trees can be reduced. Air blast applications of prohexadione calcium were made in the Spring 1998 in commercial orchards. Application rate was 125 ppm a.i. applied twice beginning at 5 to 12 cm of new shoot growth. Reduction of shoot growth averaged 45% across locations. As a result of reduced vegetative growth, dormant pruning was reduced. In total, significant benefits to the grower included reduced pruning costs in addition to other positive effects such as improved light penetration and enhanced resistance to some pathogens. Research will continue with the effect of prohexadione-Ca on pruning in multiple year studies.

scholarly journals Effective Vegetative Growth Control of Apples with BAS 125W

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 598b-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Fruit Load

When applied as a dilute spray (at 125 and 250 ppm), BAS 125W effectively reduced shoot extension growth on `York' Imperial (YI) and `Spartan' (S) apple trees but was less effectively on `Delicious' (D). In 1994, lateral shoot growth of YI/M.26 trees (1 to 2 m tall) from 10 May to 7 July was reduced (35 vs. 7 cm) by sprays applied on May 13. The initial surge of growth by vertical shoots was suppressed by the treatments (16 vs. 35 cm), but there was more regrowth (6.5 vs. 0.5 cm). Some leaf injury was seen on YI. The 1995 experiments were conducted on S/M.111 and D/M.111 in an orchard spaced 3.7 m by 7.3 m. On S, lateral shoot length on five dates from 7 June to 20 Sept. was reduced by the sprays (44 vs. 32 cm on 20 Sept.). The initial surge of growth by vertical shoots was suppressed by the treatments (30 vs. 85 cm), but there was more regrowth (34 vs. 4 cm). There were fewer apples that were <25% red and more that were 25% to 40% and 66% to 85% red. On D, lateral shoot length on five dates from 7 June to 20 Sept. was reduced by the sprays (51 vs. 38 cm on 20 Sept.). The growth of vertical shoots was not influenced by the treatments, possibly due to a light fruit load in the tops of the trees. Growers viewing the 1995 plots estimated enhanced income of $933/ha for D and $780/ha for S.

scholarly journals (99) Using Naphthalene Acetic Acid, Prohexadione-Ca, Ethephon, and Scoring to Reduce Vegetative Growth in Upper Canopy of Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1030C-1030
Author(s):  
Wesley R. Autio ◽  
James Krupa ◽  
Jon M. Clements ◽  
Duane W. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Apple Trees

In 2004, at full bloom, 3-year-old `Cameo'/G.16, `Gala'/M.9 NA-KBT337, `Gala'/G.16, and `Redmax'/B.9 apple trees were treated with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA, 1.5% in latex paint) in a 7.5-cm band completely around the central leader at the base of 2-year-old wood. NAA treatment reduced 2004 extension growth of the central leader by 14% and total shoot growth above the treatment area by 32%. `Cameo'/G.16 trees also were sprayed with prohexadione-Ca (250 ppm with surfactant and water conditioner) at full bloom, and additional trees were sprayed with ethephon (500 ppm with surfactant) 1 week after full bloom. These spray treatments were made only to the stems and foliage from the base of the central leader's 2-year-old wood to the top of the canopy. Ethephon reduced total shoot growth in 2004 by 26%, and prohexadione-Ca reduced it by 63%. Prohexadione-Ca also reduced fruit set of `Cameo' in 2004. Scoring (single knife cut completely around the circumference of the trunk) at the base of the 2-year-old wood in the `Cameo' trees resulted in a 23% reduction in leader growth and a 22% in totals shoot growth in the upper canopy in 2004. In 2005 at full bloom, 4-year-old `Golden Delicous'/B.9 trees were treated with NAA similarly to trees in 2004, except treatment at the base of 2-year-old wood was compared to treatment at the base of 1-year-old wood. Treating the base of 1-year-old wood reduced growth to a greater degree than comparable treatment at the base of 2-year-old wood. For the 1- and 2-year-old-wood treatments, the number of laterals produced from the 1-year-old wood was reduced 42% and 17%, and total shoot growth from 1-year-old wood was reduced by 49% and 31%, respectively.

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