Effect of nitrogen on the growth, yield and grain protein content of barley (Hordeum vulgare)

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Birch ◽  
KE Long
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Quadratic Equations ◽  
N Rates

Barley (Hordeurn vulgare) cvv. Grimmett, Galleon and Corvette were grown under irrigated conditions at The University of Queensland, Gatton College. to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) rates (0-200 kg N/ha) on plant growth, yield and grain protein content. Nitrogen delayed maturity in all cultivars, especially in Galleon. Total tiller number and fertile tiller number were increased by N and there was a significant cultivar x N rate interaction. Similar trends were evident in total dry matter at maturity and grain yield, with Galleon producing the highest yields. Fertile tiller percentage was reduced by increasing N rate. Grain protein content increased with the increasing N rate, with differences in the nature of the response between cultivars (i.e. linear in Corvette, quadratic in the other 2 cultivars). Total and fertile tiller numbers were explained by quadratic regressions, with maximum values at 150 kg N/ha (except fertile tillers in Grimmett, maximum value at 100 kg N/ha). The declines in fertile tiller percentage were explained by quadratic equations except in Grimmett, which showed a negatively linear response to increasing N rate. Dry matter yield and grain yield showed quadratic responses to N in Grimmett and Galleon (predicted maximum values near 200 kg N/ha) and linear responses in Corvette, over the experimental range of N rates. The response in grain protein content was explained by quadratic equations for Grimmett and Galleon, with minimum grain protein content occurring at close to 0 and 55 kg N/ha respectively. Corvette showed a linear increase in protein content in response to increasing N rate. It is concluded that plant breeding programs should consider variation in grain yield and protein content in response to N supply and select for efficiency of utilisation of N. Recommended N rates for irrigated barley could be 150-200 kg N/ha. Lower rates will promote strong yield responses, but protein content would remain low.

Variability for grain protein content among germplasm accessions and advanced breeding lines in dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet var. Lignosus Prain)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 289-292
Author(s):  
Pranesh ◽  
S. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

AbstractProtein energy malnutrition (PEM) is prevalent in south-east Asian countries including India. Breeding and introduction of grain protein-rich varieties of legumes such as dolichos bean is considered as cost-effective approach to combat PEM. Exploitation of genetic variability within germplasm accessions (GAs) and/or breeding populations is the short-term strategy for identification and delivery of protein-rich dolichos bean cultivars to cater to the immediate needs of the farmers and target population. A set of 118 dolichos bean genotypes consisting of 96 GAs and 20 advanced breeding lines (ABLs) and two released varieties (RVs) was field evaluated in augmented deign for dry grain yield per plant and their grain protein contents were estimated. The grain protein content among the genotypes ranged from 18.82 to 24.5% with a mean of 21.73%. The magnitude of estimates of absolute range, standardized range, and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) for grain protein content was higher among GAs than those among ABLs + RVs. However, average grain protein contents of GAs were comparable to those of ABLs + RVs. Nearly 50% of the genotypes (mostly GAs) had significantly higher grain protein content than those of RVs, HA 3 and HA 4. The grain protein contents of the genotypes were poorly correlated with grain yield per plant. These results are discussed in relation to strategies to breed grain protein-rich dolichos bean cultivars.

Effect of late application of nitrogen on the yield and protein content of wheat

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Strong
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
N Application ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation

On the Darling Downs the growth and yield of a semi-dwarf wheat (cv. Oxley) under supplementary irrigation was increased by the application of up to 400 kg/ha of nitrogen (N) at planting. Nitrogen at 50 or 100 kg/ha applied at the boot stage to supplement 100 kg/ha applied at planting increased grain yield by 459 and 478 kg/ha, respectively. However, yields were still below those where all the N was applied at planting. In contrast, supplementary N (0, 25, 50 or 100 kg/ha) at flowering or after flowering generally did not increase grain yield. One exception to this was where only 50 kg/ha was applied at planting; an additional 100 kg/ha at flowering increased grain yield by 602 kg/ha. Applied at planting, more than 200 kg/ha of N was needed to produce premium grade wheat (i.e. protein content above 11.4%). To achieve this protein content where 100 kg/ha had been applied at planting an additional 100 kg/ha was needed at the boot stage or 50 kg/ha at flowering. Applied after flowering, up to 100 kg/ha of additional N produced wheat of a protein content too low to attract a premium payment. A similar quantity of N was assimilated whether the entire N application was applied at planting or where the application was split between planting and boot or flowering. Less N was assimilated when the application was split between planting and after flowering. More N was assimilated from soil than from foliar applications at the boot stage. Soil and foliar applications were equally effective at flowering in increasing the amount of N assimilated as well as the grain protein content. However, after flowering foliar application was the more effective method. The application of N at flowering to increase the protein content of this semi-dwarf cultivar is not an attractive commercial practice. The price ratio of premium to Australian Standard White wheat in recent years (<1.071 ) is less than that needed (1.0954-1.3013) to justify splitting the N application to lift grain protein content above 11.4% at the expense of yield.

scholarly journals Response of wheat yield and its components to zinc and iron application under different levels of nitrogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheith El-Sayed ◽  
◽  
Ola El-Badry ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

To evaluate the effect of nitrogen, zinc and iron as soil application on yield and yield component of wheat, the present study was conducted at Agricultural and Experimental Research Station at Giza, Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University, Egypt during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons. The experimental design was split-plot in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that positive significant effect on plant height, number of spike/m2, spike length; number of grain per spike, grain yield per unit area in both seasons and grain protein content in one season were achieved by application of N and the micronutrients. Whoever, the highest significant in the above mentioned characters was obtained either by application the highest N levels (100kg N /fed.) or in addition to mixture of Zn and Fe. The interaction between the studied factors had significant effect on plant height and grain yield in both seasons as well as on grain protein content in the second season, where the highest values of these parameters were recorded by application of 100kg N/fed., Zn and Fe in mixture.

Grain protein and grain yield of durum wheats from south-eastern Anatolia, Turkey

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Koç ◽  
C. Barutçular ◽  
N. Zencirci
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Crop Varieties

High grain protein in durum wheat [Triticum turgidum ssp. turgidum L. conv. Durum (Desf.)] is one of the main goals of breeding programs. Landraces may be very useful germplasm for achieving this goal. To examine their potential as a source of high grain protein content, 11 genotypes, including 7 landraces, were evaluated in 8 environments. Environment, genotype, and the interaction of the two (G E) significantly influenced the variation in grain yield, grain protein content, and grain protein yield. The environmental effect was the strongest, mostly due to differences in water supply. Grain yields of the modern genotypes were higher than those of landraces. Yields of the modern genotypes tended to respond more strongly to the higher yielding environments, but they varied more than the yields of landraces. With the exception of VK.85.18, the grain protein content of the high-yielding genotypes was almost as high as that of the best landraces. Moreover, grain protein content of these bred genotypes tended to respond more strongly to the higher protein environments. Differences in grain protein yield were closely related to the differences in grain yield. The results indicate that it is possible to improve grain protein content without grain yield being adversely affected. The results also indicate that potential gene sources should be compared over a number of environments before they can be used as breeding material or as crop varieties producing high grain protein yields.

Dry matter partitioning, yield and grain protein content of fine aromatic boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50) in response to nitrogen and potassium fertilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Newton Chandra Paul ◽  
Swapan Kumar Paul ◽  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Shabuj Chandra Paul
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Promising Practice ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Boro Rice

An experiment was conducted to study dry matter partitioning, yield and grain protein content of fine aromatic Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50) in response to nitrogen and potassium fertilization. The experiment consisted of four levels of nitrogen viz., 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha and four levels of potassium viz., 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha. The results revealed that at growth stage, the highest total dry matter partitioning and accumulation were obtained from 150 kg N/ha along with 90 kg K/ha at physiological maturity stage. At harvest, the highest number of tillers/hill (8.58), number of grains/panicle (113.9), grain yield (5.15 t/ha) and grain protein content (8.30%) were obtained from 100 kg N/ha along with 90 kg K/ha. Total dry matter partitioning and accumulation were greatly influenced by the application of 150 kg N/ha along with 90 kg K/ha. Application of 100 kg N/ha along with 90 kg K/ha interaction appeared as the promising practice in fine aromatic rice (cv. BRRI dhan50) cultivation in terms of yield and grain protein content.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Metabolism at Tillering Stage Differently Affects the Grain Yield and Grain Protein Content in Two Durum Wheat Cultivars

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Fortunato ◽  
Nigro ◽  
Paradiso ◽  
Cucci ◽  
Lacolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrogen Abundance

Soil nitrogen abundance, as well as nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), significantly affect the crop yield and grain protein content (GPC). Depending on the genotype, a negative correlation between the yield and GPC can occur. The aim of the study was to assess the agronomic performance, and to explore physiological pathways for the efficient use of N fertilizer for two durum wheat cultivars, “Aureo” and “Vespucci”. After fertilization, the nitrogen content and values of some of the agronomic parameters and yield-related traits increased in both cultivars; nevertheless, a simultaneous rise in both the yield and GPC occurred only in Aureo. The biochemical parameters, analyzed at tillering, confirm the genotypic specificity of nitrogen use. In Vespucci’s roots, the nitrogen supply did not affect the nitrate reductase (NR), but greatly increased the amino acids and proteins, suggesting that ammonium is preferentially assimilated. In Aureo, nitrate is in part assimilated by the roots, as suggested by the ammonium increase and NR enhancement. In the leaves of both cultivars, organic nitrogen significantly increased after fertilization; however, the rise in amino acids, as well as in NR activity, was higher in Aureo than in Vespucci. These results indicate that the different nitrogen use, and in particular the diverse NR behavior, at tillering, are in part responsible of the cultivar differences in grain yield and GPC.

Improvements in malting barley grain yield by manipulation of genes influencing grain protein content

Euphytica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 156 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livinus C. Emebiri ◽  
David B. Moody ◽  
Cassandra Black ◽  
Maarten van Ginkel ◽  
Eduardo Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Malting Barley
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