Simultaneous selection for early maturity, increased grain yield and elevated grain protein content in spring wheat

Genomics and high throughput phenomics have the potential to revolutionize the field of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding. Genomic selection (GS) has been used for predicting various quantitative traits in wheat, especially grain yield. However, there are few GS studies for grain protein content (GPC), which is a crucial quality determinant. Incorporation of secondary correlated traits in GS models has been demonstrated to improve accuracy. The objectives of this research were to compare performance of single and multi-trait GS models for predicting GPC and grain yield in wheat and to identify optimal growth stages for collecting secondary traits. We used 650 recombinant inbred lines from a spring wheat nested association mapping (NAM) population. The population was phenotyped over 3 years (2014–2016), and spectral information was collected at heading and grain filling stages. The ability to predict GPC and grain yield was assessed using secondary traits, univariate, covariate, and multivariate GS models for within and across cycle predictions. Our results indicate that GS accuracy increased by an average of 12% for GPC and 20% for grain yield by including secondary traits in the models. Spectral information collected at heading was superior for predicting GPC, whereas grain yield was more accurately predicted during the grain filling stage. Green normalized difference vegetation index had the largest effect on the prediction of GPC either used individually or with multiple indices in the GS models. An increased prediction ability for GPC and grain yield with the inclusion of secondary traits demonstrates the potential to improve the genetic gain per unit time and cost in wheat breeding.

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Recurrent Selection for Grain Protein Content in Spring Wheat 1

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1978.0011183x001800050022x ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 779-782 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

F. H. McNeal ◽

C. F. McGuire ◽

M. A. Berg

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Recurrent Selection ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Selection For

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Mutant Lines of Spring Wheat with Increased Iron, Zinc, and Micronutrients in Grains and Enhanced Bioavailability for Human Health

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/9692053 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Saule Kenzhebayeva ◽

Alfia Abekova ◽

Saule Atabayeva ◽

Gulzira Yernazarova ◽

Nargul Omirbekova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Protein Content ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Cereal Products ◽

Molar Ratios ◽

Stable Mutant ◽

Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽

Mutant Lines

Deficiency of metals, primarily Fe and Zn, affects over half of the world’s population. Human diets dominated by cereal products cause micronutrient malnutrition, which is common in many developing countries where populations depend heavily on staple grain crops such as wheat, maize, and rice. Biofortification is one of the most effective approaches to alleviate malnutrition. Genetically stable mutant spring wheat lines (M7 generation) produced via 100 or 200 Gy gamma treatments to broaden genetic variation for grain nutrients were analyzed for nutritionally important minerals (Ca, Fe, and Zn), their bioavailability, and grain protein content (GPC). Variation was 172.3–883.0 mg/kg for Ca, 40.9–89.0 mg/kg for Fe, and 22.2–89.6 mg/kg for Zn. In mutant lines, among the investigated minerals, the highest increases in concentrations were observed in Fe, Zn, and Ca when compared to the parental cultivar Zhenis. Some mutant lines, mostly in the 100 Gy-derived germplasm, had more than two-fold higher Fe, Zn, and Ca concentrations, lower phytic acid concentration (1.4–2.1-fold), and 6.5–7% higher grain protein content compared to the parent. Variation was detected for the molar ratios of Ca:Phy, Phy:Fe, and Phy:Zn (1.27–10.41, 1.40–5.32, and 1.78–11.78, respectively). The results of this study show how genetic variation generated through radiation can be useful to achieve nutrient biofortification of crops to overcome human malnutrition.

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Variability for grain protein content among germplasm accessions and advanced breeding lines in dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet var. Lignosus Prain)

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262118000424 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (03) ◽

pp. 289-292

Author(s):

Pranesh ◽

S. Ramesh

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Protein Content ◽

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Target Population ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Lablab Purpureus ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Protein Rich ◽

Germplasm Accessions

AbstractProtein energy malnutrition (PEM) is prevalent in south-east Asian countries including India. Breeding and introduction of grain protein-rich varieties of legumes such as dolichos bean is considered as cost-effective approach to combat PEM. Exploitation of genetic variability within germplasm accessions (GAs) and/or breeding populations is the short-term strategy for identification and delivery of protein-rich dolichos bean cultivars to cater to the immediate needs of the farmers and target population. A set of 118 dolichos bean genotypes consisting of 96 GAs and 20 advanced breeding lines (ABLs) and two released varieties (RVs) was field evaluated in augmented deign for dry grain yield per plant and their grain protein contents were estimated. The grain protein content among the genotypes ranged from 18.82 to 24.5% with a mean of 21.73%. The magnitude of estimates of absolute range, standardized range, and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) for grain protein content was higher among GAs than those among ABLs + RVs. However, average grain protein contents of GAs were comparable to those of ABLs + RVs. Nearly 50% of the genotypes (mostly GAs) had significantly higher grain protein content than those of RVs, HA 3 and HA 4. The grain protein contents of the genotypes were poorly correlated with grain yield per plant. These results are discussed in relation to strategies to breed grain protein-rich dolichos bean cultivars.

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Effect of rates and timing of nitrogen fertilizer on the grain protein content of wheat (Triticum aestivum), grown in two contrasting seasons in South East England

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600070623 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 118 (3) ◽

pp. 265-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. A. Sajo ◽

D. H. Scarisbrick ◽

A. G. Clewer

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Early Summer ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Summer Drought ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

South East England

SUMMARYA field experiment was carried out at the Wye College Farm during 1988 and 1989. The aim was to study the effects of three rates and timings of nitrogen fertilizer application on the grain protein content of spring wheat cv. Axona. Results demonstrated that timing of fertilizer application was more important than the rate of nitrogen used. Grain protein development and final grain protein contents are discussed in relation to the seasonal variations experienced during the 1988 and 1989 growing seasons in South East England. Due to the early February sowing in 1989, grain protein content was not affected by the summer drought. Thus, the advantage of early sowing of spring wheat to reduce the detrimental effect of early summer drought on the grain protein content is emphasised.

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Effect of late application of nitrogen on the yield and protein content of wheat

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9820054 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 22 (115) ◽

pp. 54 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

WM Strong

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Protein Content ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Price Ratio ◽

N Application ◽

Boot Stage ◽

Supplementary Irrigation

On the Darling Downs the growth and yield of a semi-dwarf wheat (cv. Oxley) under supplementary irrigation was increased by the application of up to 400 kg/ha of nitrogen (N) at planting. Nitrogen at 50 or 100 kg/ha applied at the boot stage to supplement 100 kg/ha applied at planting increased grain yield by 459 and 478 kg/ha, respectively. However, yields were still below those where all the N was applied at planting. In contrast, supplementary N (0, 25, 50 or 100 kg/ha) at flowering or after flowering generally did not increase grain yield. One exception to this was where only 50 kg/ha was applied at planting; an additional 100 kg/ha at flowering increased grain yield by 602 kg/ha. Applied at planting, more than 200 kg/ha of N was needed to produce premium grade wheat (i.e. protein content above 11.4%). To achieve this protein content where 100 kg/ha had been applied at planting an additional 100 kg/ha was needed at the boot stage or 50 kg/ha at flowering. Applied after flowering, up to 100 kg/ha of additional N produced wheat of a protein content too low to attract a premium payment. A similar quantity of N was assimilated whether the entire N application was applied at planting or where the application was split between planting and boot or flowering. Less N was assimilated when the application was split between planting and after flowering. More N was assimilated from soil than from foliar applications at the boot stage. Soil and foliar applications were equally effective at flowering in increasing the amount of N assimilated as well as the grain protein content. However, after flowering foliar application was the more effective method. The application of N at flowering to increase the protein content of this semi-dwarf cultivar is not an attractive commercial practice. The price ratio of premium to Australian Standard White wheat in recent years (<1.071 ) is less than that needed (1.0954-1.3013) to justify splitting the N application to lift grain protein content above 11.4% at the expense of yield.

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Response of wheat yield and its components to zinc and iron application under different levels of nitrogen

International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences ◽

10.52804/ijaas2020.113 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gheith El-Sayed ◽

◽

Ola El-Badry ◽

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Protein Content ◽

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Yield Component ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Research Station ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

To evaluate the effect of nitrogen, zinc and iron as soil application on yield and yield component of wheat, the present study was conducted at Agricultural and Experimental Research Station at Giza, Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University, Egypt during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons. The experimental design was split-plot in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that positive significant effect on plant height, number of spike/m2, spike length; number of grain per spike, grain yield per unit area in both seasons and grain protein content in one season were achieved by application of N and the micronutrients. Whoever, the highest significant in the above mentioned characters was obtained either by application the highest N levels (100kg N /fed.) or in addition to mixture of Zn and Fe. The interaction between the studied factors had significant effect on plant height and grain yield in both seasons as well as on grain protein content in the second season, where the highest values of these parameters were recorded by application of 100kg N/fed., Zn and Fe in mixture.

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Genome-Wide Association Studies and Genomic Selection for Grain Protein Content Stability in a Nested Association Mapping Population of Spring Wheat

10.1101/2021.04.15.440064 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Karansher S. Sandhu ◽

Paul D. Mihalyov ◽

Megan J. Lewien ◽

Michael O. Pumphrey ◽

Arron H Carter

Keyword(s):

Association Mapping ◽

Protein Content ◽

Genomic Selection ◽

Genetic Control ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Nested Association Mapping ◽

Genome Wide

Grain protein content (GPC) is controlled by complex genetic systems and their interactions, and is an important quality determinant for hard spring wheat as it has a positive effect on bread and pasta quality. GPC is variable among genotypes and strongly influenced by environment. Thus, understanding the genetic control of wheat GPC and identifying genotypes with improved stability is an important breeding goal. The objectives of this research were to identify genetic backgrounds with less variation for GPC across environments and identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling the stability of GPC. A spring wheat nested association mapping (NAM) population of 650 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from 26 diverse founder parents crossed to one common parent, 'Berkut', was phenotyped over three years of field trials (2014-2016). Genomic selection models were developed and compared based on prediction of GPC and GPC stability. After observing variable genetic control of GPC within the NAM population, seven RIL families displaying reduced marker-by-environment interaction were selected based on a stability index derived from Finlay-Wilkinson regression. A genome-wide association study identified seven significant QTLs for GPC stability with a Bonferroni-adjusted P value <0.05. This study also demonstrated that genome-wide prediction of GPC with ridge regression best linear unbiased estimates reached up to r = 0.69. Genomic selection can be used to apply selection pressure for GPC and improve genetic gain for GPC.

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Genomic Selection and Genome-Wide Association Studies for Grain Protein Content Stability in a Nested Association Mapping Population of Wheat

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11122528 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2528

Author(s):

Karansher S. Sandhu ◽

Paul D. Mihalyov ◽

Megan J. Lewien ◽

Michael O. Pumphrey ◽

Arron H. Carter

Keyword(s):

Association Mapping ◽

Protein Content ◽

Genomic Selection ◽

Genetic Control ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Nested Association Mapping ◽

Genome Wide

Grain protein content (GPC) is controlled by complex genetic systems and their interactions and is an important quality determinant for hard spring wheat as it has a positive effect on bread and pasta quality. GPC is variable among genotypes and strongly influenced by the environment. Thus, understanding the genetic control of wheat GPC and identifying genotypes with improved stability is an important breeding goal. The objectives of this research were to identify genetic backgrounds with less variation for GPC across environments and identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling the stability of GPC. A spring wheat nested association mapping (NAM) population of 650 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from 26 diverse founder parents crossed to one common parent, ‘Berkut’, was phenotyped over three years of field trials (2014–2016). Genomic selection models were developed and compared based on predictions of GPC and GPC stability. After observing variable genetic control of GPC within the NAM population, seven RIL families displaying reduced marker-by-environment interaction were selected based on a stability index derived from a Finlay–Wilkinson regression. A genome-wide association study identified eighteen significant QTLs for GPC stability with a Bonferroni-adjusted p-value < 0.05 using four different models and out of these eighteen QTLs eight were identified by two or more GWAS models simultaneously. This study also demonstrated that genome-wide prediction of GPC with ridge regression best linear unbiased estimates reached up to r = 0.69. Genomic selection can be used to apply selection pressure for GPC and improve genetic gain for GPC.

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