Preweaning growth of Brahman, Braford, and Africander first-cross calves in the subtropics of New South Wales

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
H Hearnshaw ◽  
PF Arthur ◽  
R Barlow ◽  
W Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
New South ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Preweaning Period

Preweaning growth of 435 first-cross Brahman x Hereford (BH), Braford x Hereford (BM) and Africander x Hereford (AM) calves was evaluated at Ballina in the subtropics of New South Wales. Thirty-five Brahman, 32 Braford, and 23 Africander sires were mated to Hereford females over 3 years to produce the calves. Mean gestation of BH calves (290 days) was 4 and 6 days longer than BfH and AfH calves, respectively. BH and AfH calves had more eyelid pigmentation (88 and 98%, respectively) than BM calves (59%). For males, birth weights of BH calves were higher than BfH, which, in turn, were heavier than AfH calves (38.6 v. 34.8 v. 31.5 kg). For females, birth weights of BH and BfH calves were not significantly different but were higher than those of AfH calves (33.3 and 32.6 v. 30.4 kg). BH calves had higher average daily gain (ADG) than BfH and AfH calves during the second half of the preweaning period, resulting in 200-day liveweights of 175.4, 167.5, and 167.3 kg for BH, BfH, and AfH calves. BH calves were taller and had larger girths than the other crosses at birth, but AM calves exhibited the greatest increase in height and body length from birth to weaning. For BH, BMI, and AfH calves, 34,6, and 94% were predominantly red, whereas 6, 94, and 5% were also red but had a Hereford coat colour pattern.

Growth and carcass characteristics of crossbred and straightbred Hereford steers. III. Post-weaning growth in seven environments in New South Wales

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Darnell ◽  
H Hearnshaw ◽  
R Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
New South ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Constant Growth

Post-weaning growth, liveweight and body condition at slaughter were examined in 289 steers comprised of straightbred Hereford and first cross Brahman x Hereford, Simmental x Hereford and Friesian x Hereford. The steers were grown from weaning in seven environments throughout New South Wales. All steers were slaughtered when the average fat cover of the Herefords was in the range of 6-10 mm at the 12/13th rib. Brahman crossbreds were in similar body condition to Herefords at slaughter, which in turn were generally in better condition than both Simmental and Friesian crossbreds. Crossbred steers were heavier than Herefords at slaughter. Simmental crosses and Friesian crosses were 53 kg (12%) heavier on average over all environments, and Brahman crosses 41 kg (10%) and 83 kg (16%) heavier in inland and coastal environments respectively. Mean average daily gain (ADG) of the crossbred steers was always greater than that of the Hereford steers. There was a trend for ADG to be greater among the Brahman crosses earlier in the post-weaning period, but for the Simmental and Friesian crosses to grow faster later in the post-weaning period. Simmental crosses maintained a constant ADG advantage relative to Friesian crosses throughout the post-weaning period in environments where growth was favoured. Significant genotype x environment interactions occurred. Relative to Herefords, Simmental and Friesian crossbreds responded more to improved conditions, while Brahman crossbreds maintained a constant growth advantage regardless of environmental conditions. Bos taurus crosses grew faster than Brahman crosses, and Simmental crosses faster than Friesian crosses, only when environments were highly favourable.

The effect of stocking rate on the performance of steers in central coastal New South Wales

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (89) ◽  
pp. 899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davies H Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Paspalum Dilatatum ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The University ◽  
Daily Gain

The effect of stocking rate and sowing one-eighth of the area to lucerne on the liveweight change and carcase characteristics of Hereford steers grazing pastures dominated by Paspalum dilatatum was studied at the Wolverton Farm of the University of Sydney, Bringelly, New South Wales from 1971 to 1974. Stocking rate (1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 steers ha-1) had an effect upon mean daily liveweight gain in some periods and this was reflected in the number of days taken to achieve 450 kg. (1.5 ha-1 took 509 days, 2.0 took 595, 2.5 took 802 and 3.0 took 842 days). There were significant differences in average daily gain between replicates in most periods. The lucerne did not persist after the first year. Having one-eighth of the area sown to lucerne did not significantly affect daily liveweight gain. There were highly significant period effects with the highest daily gain occurring in spring and summer, the lowest in winter and gain in autumn being dependent upon rainfall and stocking rate. In many periods increasing stocking rate above 2.0 steers ha-1 did not increase the per hectare liveweight gain.

Resistance of some Australian inbred maize lines to maize dwarf mosaic disease

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (40) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
PW Grogan ◽  
DS Teakle
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Resistant Lines

Seven out of eight maize inbred lines developed at Lawes in Queensland from open-pollinated varieties were resistant to maize dwarf mosaic disease when exposed to natural infection in the field. Five of the seven resistant inbred lines failed to become systemically infected when inoculated with infectious sap in the glasshouse. By contrast, only three out of twenty lines introduced from the U.S.A., and two out of eight lines developed at the Grafton and Glen Innes Breeding Stations in New South Wales, were resistant in the field. All three resistant lines from the U.S.A. were systemically infected when inoculated in the glasshouse, but the two resistant lines from Grafton in New South Wales were not. The resistant Lawes and Grafton maize inbred lines would appear to be better sources of genes conferring resistance to maize dwarf mosaic disease than the other lines tested.

Effect of prolonged undernutrition on the recovery and reproductive performance of maiden Merino ewes

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
P McInnes ◽  
TJ Grainger ◽  
MD Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
The Mean

Data are presented on the recovery and reproductive performance of 2 1/2-year-old maiden Merino ewes after a prolonged period of undernutrition. The 217 sheep had been hand-fed on a submaintenance ration in pen feeding trials at Glenfield, New South Wales. During the seven months of the trials they had lost 6 kg (28 to 22 kg) body weight. They were transported to Condobolin in south-western New South Wales, divided into two treatment groups and run on good quality pastures. One group was joined immediately (May 1959) and again ten months later, and the other group was mated after six months at Condobolin (in October 1959) and again 12 months later. The ewes recovered rapidly. The mean weight of both groups had reached 30 kg within six weeks and 40 kg within six months. In the first year 73 of the 100 May-mated ewes bore lambs, but only 38 of these lambs were weaned. Ewes bearing lambs had a higher body weight at the start of joining and gained more during joining than the barren ewes. At the other three joinings (October 1959, May 1960, October 1960) lambing percentage was from 86-89 and weaning percentage from 62-69-both normal for the district. The proportion of twin lambs (3-6 per cent) was low. Wool weight in 1959 was not affected by time of mating or by pregnancy.

The significance of intercalary ammonium in representative surface and subsoils from southern New South Wales

Soil Research ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Nitrogen Economy ◽  
Ammonium Fixation ◽  
South Wales

Six surface and subsoils known to contain native intercalary ammonium were examined to assess the importance of ammonium fixation when nitrogen fertilizers were applied, the availability of native and recently fixed intercalary ammonium to plants, and the effect of potassium on fixation. Only one soil, a grey soil of heavy texture (Ug 5.4), fixed significant amounts of added ammonium sulphate, the level of intercalary ammonium being increased by 55 % in the surface and 100% in the subsoil. The native level of intercalary ammonium was reduced by 8 and 17% by the growth of plants in the red-brown earth (Dr 2.23) and the grey soil of heavy texture, respectively, but was unchanged in the other soils. The addition of small amounts of potassium prior to the ammonium did not affect fixation; however, additions of 500 ppm reduced the fixation of a 200 ppm solution of ammonium by 80 %. Intercalary ammonium is not considered to be important in the nitrogen economy of five of the six major farming soils of the slopes and plains area of southern New South Wales. The sixth, the grey soil of heavy texture, is an alluvium associated with the Murrumbidgee River and its tributaries, and as such is used extensively for irrigated agriculture. Because this soil can fix large amounts of ammonium, the use of ammonium or ammonium forming fertilizers is not recommended.

The importance of insects and lerp in the diet of juvenile regent honeyeaters, Xanthomyza phrygia: implications for the conservation of an endangered woodland bird

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon L. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Resource Selection ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Eucalypt Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Breeding Seasons

The dietary items fed to regent honeyeater, Xanthomyza phrygia, nestlings and fledglings by adults were recorded in two consecutive breeding seasons in the Bundarra–Barraba region west of Armidale, New South Wales. Insects were the most common dietary items fed to juveniles (53% of identified items), followed by lerp (26.5%) and nectar (20.5%). Nestlings were fed mostly insects (58% of feeds), and carbohydrates (nectar and lerp) made up the rest of their diet. Fledglings, however, were fed mainly carbohydrates (nectar and lerp comprised 61.2% of all items) while protein from insects was the other major component of their diet. Males tended to feed juveniles more insects than did females, although there were no significant divisions of labour between parents in selecting dietary items for nestlings or fledglings. This study highlights the importance of insects and lerp in the diet of juvenile regent honeyeaters, and the diversity of plant species on which their parents foraged. The species shows a broader resource selection than was found in previous studies which considered the species to be highly nectarivorous and selective for a few key eucalypt species. The importance of insects and carbohydrates other than nectar in the diet of the regent honeyeater needs to be recognised in the development of conservation strategies for the species.

Two new species of Tanaidacea of the genus Kalliapseudes Stebbing, 1910 (Crustacea: Apseudomorpha: Kalliapseudidae) from Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1441 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
DAVID T. DRUMM
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Simple Seta

Two new species of kalliapseudid tanaidacea from Australia, Kalliapseudes longisetosus and Kalliapseudes messingi, are described from marine waters off Sydney, New South Wales and the Northwest continental shelf, respectively. Kalliapseudes longisetosus is distinguished from the other congeners by the presence of a single, very long simple seta on the anterior corners of the pereonites (about as long as the first pereonite) and several very long simple setae on the basis of the second and third pereopods (about as long as the basis). This new species is the second member of the genus to be reported from New South Wales. Kalliapseudes messingi is distinguished by having two small setae medially on the dactylus of pereopods 4 and 5, by the female having a tuft of sensory setae subterminally on the dactylus of pereopod 6, and by having three plumose setae on both the cheliped and pereopod 1 exopodite and is the first member of the genus to be reported from the Northwest continental shelf of Australia. Both species have a needle-like tip on the dactylus of the second and third pereopods. A table giving the distribution data for the species of Kalliapseudes and a key to the genera and species of Kalliapseudidae now known from Australia are presented.

A description of the anatomy of the Ornithorhynchus paradoxus

1832 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 68-69
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The Other ◽  
Full Account ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The One

Two specimens of this curious animal, lately brought from New South Wales, the one male and the other female, and both full grown and perfect, having been submitted to the inspection and close examination of Mr. Home, by Sir Joseph Banks, this gentle­man has availed himself of the favourable opportunity to draw up the full account of all that is hitherto known concerning its habits, of its external appearance, and internal structure now before us. The animal has hitherto been only found in the fresh-water lakes, in the interior parts of the above-mentioned country. It does not swim upon the surface of the water, but comes up occasionally to breathe. It chiefly inhabits the banks of these lakes, and is supposed to feed in the muddy places which surround them; but the particular kind of food on which it subsists is not known.

Seasonal changes in Ectoparasite infection of juvenile Yellowfin Bream, Acanthopagrus australis, (Gunther) (Pisces: Sparidae). from a small estuary in Northern NSW

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
FR Roubal
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Copepod Species ◽  
Seasonal Prevalence ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
South Wales

Seven monogenean, 1 digenean and 9 copepod species of ectoparasite were found on 179 juvenile Acanthopagrus australis collected bimonthly over two 12-month periods from a small estuary at Red Rock in northern New South Wales. The monogenean Allomurraytrema spari and the copepod Alella macrotrachelus showed a consistent cycle of spring-summer high and late summer-autumn low in prevalence and intensity of infection, whereas the digenean Prototransversotrema steeri was present only in winter. The monogenean Haliotrema spariensis was highly prevalent year-round, but other monogeneans were inconsistent in seasonal prevalence and intensity. The copepods Paraergasilus acanthopagri and Dermoergasilus acanthopagri showed inconsistent annual cycles, but their fluctuations in prevalence and intensity were nearly identical. The other species of ectoparasite had no consistent cycles or were rarely found. Temperature does not appear to directly regulate the abundance of ectoparasites on juvenile Acanthopagrus australis in Red Rock estuary.

Factors affecting pre-weaning growth and weaning conformation of Angus cattle

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
R Barlow ◽  
EB Dettmann ◽  
LG Williams
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
New South ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Daily Gain

Weaning weight (ww) and conformation score (cs) records from Angus calves in five New South Wales herds were analysed by least-squares procedures to assess the nature and magnitude of variation. Herd, year, age of dam and sex were considered as main effects. Covariates included in the models were weaning age (WA) for ww and average daily gain (ADG), and both WA and ww for cs. Male calves (steers and bulls) were 16.6 kg heavier at weaning than female calves. Dams that were 5-8 years of age weaned calves that were 30.1 kg, 15.4 kg and 6.7 kg heavier than 2-, 3- and 4-year-old dams respectively. When ww was not included as a covariate in the model, age of dam effects on cs reflected those on ww, and there was little difference in cs between males and females. When adjusted for differences in ww, males had poorer cs than females, and calves from 3-year-old dams, and from dams over 8 years old, had poorer cs than those from dams of all other ages. Partial regressions of ww and ADG on WA, and of cs on ww, varied considerably between herd/year/sex subgroups.

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